• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2023

This study aimed to determine relationships among risk factors influencing container port operation using Bayesian network. Risk factors identified from prior studies were classified into five groups: human error, machinery error, environmental risk, security risk, and natural disasters. P anel experts discussed identified risk factors to fulfil conditional probability tables of the interdependence model. The interdependence model was also validated by sensitivity analysis and provided an interrelation of factors influencing the direction of each other. Results of the interdependence model were partially in line with results from prior studies while practices in the global port industry confirmed interrelationships of risk factors. In addition, the relationship between top-ranked risk factors can provide a schematic drawing of the model. Accordingly, results of this study can expand the prior research in the Korean port industry, which may help port authorities improve risk management and reduce losses from the risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2019

The demand for the revitalization of marine tourism in Busan North Port is increasing due to changes in functions such as an increase in harbor traffic volume and the expansion of marine leisure space in Busan. As a result, Busan City plans to set a phased alleviation target for prohibition of cruise ship operations, and to lift the prohibition of excursion ship operations in North Port following the cancellation of the prohibition of excursion ship operations in South Port in 2017. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port by applying the marine traffic assessment index and to examine the possibility of excursion ship operations. For this purpose, port status, marine accidents, and traffic flow of Busan North Port were investigated. In addition, marine traffic assessment indexes, such as traffic congestion, risk based on an ES Model, and IWRAP MkII, a maritime risk assessment tool, were used to assess the risk and possibility of excursion ship operations in Busan North Port. This study can be used as basic data for analyzing the risk factors that may occur when excursion ships are operated in Busan North Port and to define how excursion ships should operate, with related safety measures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2007

As economic trade between Korea and China has been encouraged with the rapid growth of Chinese economy and port competition in Northeast Asia, Korean government is trying to promote development and consolidation of ports to cope with the lack of facilities. Thus, many projects for port development have been propelled including the enactment the 'Private investment promotion law for social overhead capital 1994.' However, there are still some unsettled issues since considerable part of risk is still allocated to the Government when it has to support the private businesses in these port investments whenever unexpected problems arise. Allocation of risk among the participants - in this case especially - is a very subtle issue, however, it was revealed that not many precedent researches were done on the subject. In my previous research, I classified and analyzed 4 principle risks i.e, construction, management, financial and social risk. This research investigates the reasonable allocation of the risks among the participants using the Hierarchial Fuzzy Process. In the result of analysis, responsibility of private party is the most important and it must put the responsibility before Government' roll concerned. Also, this research displayed and proposed the direction of management method on port development in a view of minimizing risk and maximizing initiative of a private party.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-102
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• 2012

Network port scan attack is the method for finding ports opening in a local network. Most existing IDSs(intrusion detection system) record the number of packets sent to a system per unit time. If port scan count from a source IP address is higher than certain threshold, it is regarded as a port scan attack. The degree of risk about source IP address performing network port scan attack depends on attack count recorded by IDS. However, the measurement of risk based on the attack count may reduce port scan detection rates due to the increased false negative for slow port scan. This paper proposes a method of summarizing 4 types of information to differentiate network port scan attack more precisely and comprehensively. To integrate the riskiness, we present a risk index that quantifies the risk of port scan attack by using PCA. The proposed detection method using risk index shows superior performance than Snort for the detection of network port scan.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2022

Due to the global epidemic of infectious diseases, it has become important for all industries to respond to the risk of infectious diseases. Ports in each country are also responding to the risk of infectious diseases, but the occurrence of infectious diseases in ports of various countries is causing a lot of damage to the logistics of ports. Korea is in the same situation, and cases of infectious diseases in ports are steadily being announced. Therefore, this paper conducted semi-quantitative Bow-Tie risk assessment by substituting measures to cope with infectious disease risks in Korean ports into actual cases of port infectious diseases in Korea, deriving improvements and suggesting directions. As a result, it was concluded that it was necessary to standardize some of the countermeasures against infectious diseases and develop more countermeasures.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.599-605
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• 2006

The Port Development has been achieved by the Government because it needs large scale of funds. However, since 1994, the Govenment has been implemeting private investments for constructing and operating the ports and so on. Although the Government had high expectation that it could expedite the expansion of the port facilities, there were many problems in view of construction, management, financial and social environment. This study figure out that most of the important reasons are the uncertainty of risk allocation between private investors and the Government, using with Analytic Hierarchy Process. It is expected that the results of this study will encourage more private investors to participate in port private investments in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.257-263
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• 2016

Mombasa is the principle port of Kenya, serving inland countries in Eastern and central Africa. Mombasa port has undergone a massive infrastructure upgrade and dredging works with an expectation that more vessels and large post Panamax ships will be able to enter Mombasa port. Therefore, it is vital to carry out a marine traffic risk assessment in order to quantify the degree of navigation safety needed in the Mombasa approach channel and also to evaluate the navigation risk imposed on transit traffic by local ferry traffic. In this paper, a marine traffic risk assessment is carried out using the IWRAP mk2, Environmental Stress (ES) model, and the PARK model. Risk assessment results show that Likoni area has an unacceptable stress/risk ranking at 20.7% by the ES model and 38.89% by the PARK model. The IWRAP mk2 model shows that the crossing area has the highest risk of crossing collision and the area at the entrance to the inner channel has a high risk of grounding. The conclusions derived from this study will provide the basis for proposing the most effective countermeasure to improve navigation safety in the Mombasa approach channel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2016

Mombasa is the principle port of Kenya, serving hinter countries in Eastern and central Africa. Mombasa port has undergone a massive infrastructure upgrade and dredging works with an expectation that more vessels and large post Panamax ships will be able to call at Mombasa port. Therefore, it is vital to carry out a marine traffic risk assessment so as to quantify the degree of navigation safety on Mombasa approach channel and also to evaluate navigation risk imposed on transit traffic by local ferry traffic. In this paper marine traffic risk assessment is carried out using IWRAP mk2, Environmental Stress model, and PARK model. Risk assessment results show that Likoni area has unacceptable stress/ risk ranking at 20.7% on ES model and 38.89% by PARK model. IWRAP mk2 model shows that crossing area has the highest risk of crossing collision and the area at the entrance to inner channel has a high risk of grounding. The conclusions derived from this study will provide the basis for proposing the most effective countermeasure so as to improve navigation safety in Mombasa approach channel.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2023

This study examined the impact of geopolitical risk on port throughput in Korea. With a high trade-to-GDP ratio, Korea has an open economy. The vast majority of its exports and imports are serviced by maritime transport. Therefore, cargo volume of Korean seaports is highly likely to be affected by changes in global economy resulting from escalation in geopolitical risk. In this regard, this study investigated the relationship between geopolitical risk and port throughput in Korea during the period of 1995-2022. Results indicated that the impact of geopolitical risk on port throughput was not statistically significant. However, the relationship varied by export, import, and ports. Especially, it was revealed that cargo volume of Korean ports was negatively associated with the level of geopolitical risk. In addition, it was also found that geopolitical risk had a negative impact on the unit price of Korean import..

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2014

This thesis, concentrates on marine collision risks of the area divided by cells. Using a gas molecular collision calculation model, a collision risk model is proposed. Collision risk is estimated by relative angle, relative speed, and ship's density in the cell. For one week, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data was collected and analyzed on the Busan North Port area. The results indicate a high-risk area at the sea route connection point in Busan North Port. It also shows that twilight is the time of day when most collisions occur. This means that the area is high risk due to the number of collisions and other dangerous factors related to twilight. Although there is still need to consider other risks such as grounding risks, the results of this study are useful to for plotting a risk map for the port.