• Title/Summary/Keyword: porphyra yezoensis

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Structural Features of Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Porphyran Isolated from Porphyra yezoensis (방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis)에서 추출한 Porphyran 효소 분해물의 화학적 결합 특성)

  • Park, Jin-Hee;Koo, Jae-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.630-634
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    • 2011
  • Enzymatic hydrolysate of porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis was prepared by treatment with ${\beta}$-agarase. The hydrolysate was fractioned into molecular sizes of <3, 3-30, and 30-300 kDa using an ultrafiltration membrane. The membrane fractions were further separated into neutral and anionic fractions using Dowex $1{\times}8$ ion exchange chromatography. After hydrolysis of porphyran with ${\beta}$-agarase, 23.2% of the starting porphyran was recovered as a neutral fraction of low-molecular weight (<3 kDa), and 28.9% remained as an enzyme-resistant anionic fraction of high molecular weight (>300 kDa). Desulfation of porphyran and $^{13}C$-NMR analysis of the anionic fraction of low molecular weight (<3 kDa) showed that the anionic fraction has a backbone consisting of 3-linked ${\beta}$-D-galactose units alternating with either 4-linked a-L-galactose 6-sulfate or 3, 6-anhydro-a-L-galactose units. These results indicate that porphryan is a copolymer of two moieties, about 25% of which are composed of neoagarose moieties and 75% as anionic moieties.

Physiological Responses of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) Exposed to High Ammonium Effluent in a Seaweed-based Integrated Aquaculture System

  • Kang, Yun-Hee;Park, Sang-Rul;Oak, Jung-Hyun;Seo, Tae-Ho;Shin, Jong-Ahm;Chung, Ik-Kyo
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.70-77
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    • 2009
  • Porphyra yezoensis is known to act as a biofilter against nutrient-rich effluent in seaweed-based integrated aquaculture systems. However, few studies have examined its physiological status under such conditions. In this study, we estimated the photosynthetic activity of P. yezoensis by chlorophyll fluorescence of PSII (${\Delta}F/F'm$ and relative $ETR_{max}$) using the Diving-PAM fluorometer (Walz, Germany). In addition, bioremediation capacity, tissue nutrients, and C:N ratio of P. yezoensis were investigated. The ammonium concentration in seawater of seaweed tank 4 decreased from $72.1{\pm}2.2$ to $33.8{\pm}0.4{\mu}M$ after 24 hours. This indicates the potential role of P. yezoensis in removing around 43% of ammonium from the effluents. Tissue carbon contents in P. yezoensis were constant during the experimental period, while nitrogen contents had increased slightly by 24 hours. In comparison with the initial values, the ${\Delta}F/F'm$ and $rETR_{max}$ of P. yezoensis had increased by about 20 and 40%, respectively, after 24 hours. This indicates that P. yezoensis condition improved or remained constant. These results suggest that chlorophyll fluorescence is a powerful tool in evaluating the physiological status of seaweeds in a seaweed-based integrated aquaculture system.

SPECIES OF CULTIVATED PORPHYRA IN KOREA (한국산 양식김의 종류)

  • KANG Jae Won
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.77-92
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    • 1970
  • Ueda, in the course of his systematic work on the lavers, Porphyra, in Japan and Korea in 1932, mentioned that most of the cultivated Porphyra belong to Porphyra tenera Kjellman. Then he, dividing the species into two forms, f. typica and f. kjellmani, put Korean cultivated Porphyra under the latter. From the 1930s to the early 1940s, Fujikawa, Kaneko and others worked on Physiological experiments or cultivational experiments of Porphyra in the culture-bed, but there was no mention about the cultivated Porphyra species. However, many fishermen generally recognize that the characteristics of cultivated Porphyra vary depending on their habitat or the picking season, and it is considered that these differences are due to the varieties of the species which are well adaptable to various environments. Recently, I have become aware of the predominant occurrence of P. yezoensis Ueda in most culture-beds of Korea as in the Tokyo Bay or other places in Japan. At present, since artificial seeding for the cultivation of Porphyra with Conchocelis has been carried out and peculiar species can be cultured, a study of the species of cultivated Porphyra has become an important subject. I collected the specimens from a number of culture-beds which are located in the legions shown in fig. 1 from January, 1968 to May, 1970 and found that there are five species, P. tenera Kjellman, P. yezoensis Ueda, P. kuniedai Kurogi, P. seriata Kjellman and P. suborbiculata Kjellman. Among them, P. kuniedai was treated as a round-type, a form of P. tenera, by Kunieda (1939) and Tanaka (1952) and the occurrence of this form is generally recognized by most fishermen. At present, as mentioned above, the most dominant species of cultivated Porphyra is P. yezoensis but the cultivation of P. tenera is restricted to certain culture-beds or the early half of the cultivation period. P. kunieda appears as a mixed species throughout most of the culture-beds, particulary in the later half of the period, while when it was picked in January it appeared dominantly in a place such as Gum-Dang where the 'Bal', splitted bamboo piece mat, was settled during the last of September. This is the first seeding process. The latter two species, P. suborbiculata and P. seriata appear frequently but in small amounts in the later half of the period particulary in the western region of the southern coast. However, it can not be ascertained when P. yezoensis becomes predominant, because specimens have not been available up until recent years but the process can be described as follows: We commonly recognize the ecological characteristics of P. tenera as follows; First, the conchospores of the species develop earlier and the period of its discharge is shorter than those of P. yezoensis; second, the microscopical buds discharge neutral spores which develop into new buds directly and buds develop repeatedly through a short period. Consequently, according to such above ecological characteristics, the species can grow thick on the 'Bal' exclusively. However, buds may disappear when they are harmed by disease such a 'infection by certain parasites or by other unusual environmental conditions. Thus P. yezoensis are enabled to grow on the 'Bal' instead of the former species since they not only develop later than the former but also macroscopical fronds discharge the neutral spore throughout the period from October to May. Likewise, if any disease appears in the culture-bed ill the later half of the period, the former is more severely damaged than the latter because the former have less resistance to the disease than the latter. Thus fewer frond survive and fewer carpospores which are the origin of the next generation can be discharged. However the latter by their nature can continue growing until early summer. In the case of the culture-bed where the above phenomenon occurs repeatedly P. yezoensis gradually may become the dominant species among cultivated Porphyra. In support of the validity of this process we find that according to the description and the plate of Wada (1941), P. tenera, P. yezoensis and P. kuniedai grow together in the culture-bed at the mouth of the Nakdong River where P. yezoensis occurs predominantly and mixed with P. kuniedai.

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Chromatographically Purified Porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis Effectively Inhibits Proliferation of Human Cancer Cells

  • Kwon, Mi-Jin;Nam, Taek-Jeong
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.873-878
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    • 2007
  • In this study, we isolated porphyran was isolated from the red seaweed Porphyra yezoensis and assessed in terms of in vitro anti-proliferative activity. Sequential anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography led to purification of 3 porphyrans of different molecular masses, which contained <$50\;{\mu}g/mL$ protein and >$10\;{\mu}g/mL$ porphyran. Crude porphyran inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (0-5 mg/mL). When HT-29 colon cancer cells and AGS gastric cancer cells were cultured with various concentrations of the purified porphyran, cancer cell growth was inhibited by 50% at a low concentration (5 or $10\;{\mu}g/mL$). Furthermore, the polysaccharide portion of the porphyran preparation, rather than the protein portion, is the most effective at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation via apoptosis, as indicated by increased caspase-3 activity. Our results indicate that purified porphyran has significant in vitro anti-proliferative activity (p<0.05).

Optimization of Parameters for GUS Gene Transformation of Porphyra yezoensis by Particle Bombardment

  • Nam, Bo-Hye;Park, Jung-Youn;Jin, Deuk-Hee;Hong, Yong-Ki
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2006
  • We optimized the biological and physical parameters for DNA delivery into thalli of the red alga Porphyra yezoensis using a particle bombardment device. The efficiency of transformation was determined using the ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) assay. The optimal helium pressure, distance of tungsten particle flight, and ratio of DNA to tungsten particles were $23kgf/cm^2$, 8 cm, and $5{\mu}g/mg$ tungsten, respectively. During bombardment, osmotic treatment with a mixture of 0.6 M mannitol and sorbitol increased the efficiency of GUS transformation. After 2 days, the blue color indicating GUS activity was observed using a histochemical assay.

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda Measured in situ by Diving Pulse-Amplitude Modulated (PAM) Fluorometry on the Southwestern Coast of the Korean Peninsula (남서해역에서 양식되는 방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)의 Diving-PAM에 의한 광합성 특성)

  • Kim, Jeong Bae;Lee, Won-Chan;Kim, Hyung Chul;Choi, Hee-Gu;Park, Jung-Im;Cho, Yoonsik;Park, Hwan Hee
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.210-218
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    • 2012
  • The morphological characteristics, carbon and nitrogen concentrations, stable isotope values and photosynthetic rates of Porphyra yezoensis were studied at the main purple lavers production areas on southwestern coast of Korea. The morphological characteristics of leaf length, leaf width and weight of Porphyra blades were between 11.6~16.3 (average 13.8) cm, 4.6~6.3 (average 5.4) cm, $1.1{\sim}2.6(average\;1.86)g\;DW\;m^{-2}$, respectively. Photosynthetic pigment of Chl a concentration of Porphyra blades was between $2.18{\sim}17.77(average\;9.65)mg\;DW\;Chl\;a\;m^{-2}$. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations of Porphyra blades was between $201{\sim}317(average\;240)mg\;DW\;g^{-1}$, $39.8{\sim}50.0(average\;43.5)mg\;DW\;g^{-1}$ and C/N ratio 5.0~6.7 (average 5.5). The range of average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of Porphyra blades was between - 25.6 to - 24.0 (average - 24.7)‰ for ${\delta}^{13}C$, and 1.3 to 4.1 (average 2.1)‰ for ${\delta}^{15}N$. Photosynthetic characteristics of seaweeds measured by pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry was used as an indicator of photosynthetic activity. We use Diving-PAM fluorometry to examine photosynthetic rates of the seaweeds Porphyra yezoensis at each station. Maximum quantum yield of Porphyra blades was between 0.46~0.55 (average 0.52), the variance of the effective PS II maximum quantum yield of the station was broadly similar. Maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) of Porphyra blades was between $4.71{\sim}5.84(average\;5.33){\mu}mol\;electrons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, the changes of maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) of Porphyra yezoensis were similar to those of PS II maximum quantum yield. Photosynthetic efficiency (${\alpha}$) was between 0.027~0.045 (average 0.036). Minimum saturating irradiance ($E_k$) range was $139{\sim}180(average\;156){\mu}mol\;photons\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$. Minimum saturating irradiance ($E_k$) made a difference by station within the area on southwestern coast. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations and photosynthetic rates of Porphyra blades production areas on southwestern coast were broadly similar. The photosynthetic characteristics showed low photosynthetic rates because the low maximum quantum yields and low maximum relative electron transport rate.

Seasonal Variation in the Dietary Fiber, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Contents of Porphyra yezoensis (채취시기별 방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis)의 식이섬유, 아미노산 및 지방산 함량 변화)

  • Shin, Dong-Min;An, Se-Ra;In, Seo-Kyoung;Koo, Jae-Geun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 2013
  • Porphyra yezoensis is potentially an excellent source of dietary fiber, amino acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) because this red seaweed is available in large quantities and is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and n-3 fatty acids. This study determined the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), amino acid, and fatty acid contents of P. yezoensis harvested monthly from November 2011 to March 2012. The total dietary fiber (TDF) and IDF contents ranged from 27.2-34.9% and 18.5-26.9%, respectively, and were greater in March than November. The SDF content ranged from 4.9-8.4% and did not differ significantly during growth. Galactose and 3,6-anhydro galactose were the major sugars in IDF and SDF. The higher levels of galactose and 3,6-anhydro galactose in IDF might be due to associated porphyran-type polysaccharides. Mannose and xylose were also major sugars in IDF. The total amino acid contents decreased gradually from November to March. The total amino acid composition of Porphyra was dominated by alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. No significant changes in the fatty acid profile were observed throughout the study period. The dominant fatty acid during all seasons was EPA, which comprised as much as 50% of the total fatty acid content.

Purification and Characterization of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor from Porphyra yezoensis (김으로부터 분리한 Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme 저해제의 정제 및 특성)

  • 최수진;전우진;유광원;신동훈;홍범식;조홍연;양한철
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.719-725
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    • 2000
  • This study focused on the purification and characterization of ACE inhibitor from Porphyra yezoensis. The dried Porphyra yezoensis was ground and hydrolyzed with 2.5 N HCl, followed by neutralization and centrifugation. Then, the subsequential purification of ACE inhibitor was carried out by Amberlite XAD 8, DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC with C18 column. The purified ACE inhibitor was peptide which consisted of glycine (24.5%), arginine (56.8%) and proline (18.8%). Also, it showed the competitive inhibition pattern to ACE. The apparent molecular mass of purified peptide was 580 dalton, and an IC50 value of ACE inhibitor was 10.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$.

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Differential Display Detection of Acid-inducible Genes from Porphyra yezoensis Thalli (해조류 방사무늬김 (Porphra yezoensis) 엽체로부터 산 유도 유전자의 분리)

  • JIN Long-Guo;KANG Se-Eun;CHOI Jae-Suk;PARK Sun-Mee;PARK Jung-Youn;JIN Duck-Hee;HONG Yong-Ki
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.269-274
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    • 2004
  • Genetic responses of the edible seaweed Porphyra yezoensis tissue to acid shock have been compared using differential display technique. The tissue was challenged in seawater containing $0.05{\%}$ hydrogen chloride (pH 3.0) for 5 min, then rehabilitated in normal seawater for 10 min, 30 min, 60 min and 4 hrs. Total RNA extracted by the LiCl-guanidium method was reverse transcribed and amplified by PCR with arbitrary primers. The amplified fragment responded by the acid shock was selectively isolated from agarose gel and sequenced with DNA auto sequencer. Sequence (1056 bp) of the cDNA contained at least two genes for ASP7K (MW 7418) and ASP5K (MW 5512) proteins.

Tissue Biosensor for Determination of $Na^{+}$ Channel Blocker in Chinese Drug and Seaweed (Porphyra yezoensis Ueda) (조직 센서를 이용한 한약재료 및 해조류의 $Na^{+}$ 챈널 차단물질 측정)

  • 천병수;류종수;검목건;도범열생
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 1998
  • Tissue biosensor for mearsuring sodium channel blockers, such tetrodotoxin(TTX), saxitoxin (STX) and paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) consisted of frog bladder membrane, and $Na^{+}$ electrode. The proposed biosensor was applied to determine Chinese drug and dry or wet Porphyra yezonesis $Na^{+}$ channel blockers below the detection limit of the standard mouse bio-assay while the observed detection limit didn't cause human poisoning. The proposed biosensor system may be used for future $Na^{+}$ channel blockers monitoring within the marine environment.

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