• 제목/요약/키워드: pork liver

검색결과 50건 처리시간 0.039초

Excessive copper in feed not merely undermines animal health but affects food safety

  • Ma, Zicheng;Li, Yan;Han, Zifeng;Liu, Zhaohu;Wang, Hongyu;Meng, Fanliang;Liu, Sidang;Chen, Dawei;Liu, Mengda
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.31.1-31.12
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    • 2021
  • Background: Blackened intestines in slaughtered pigs have been commonly observed in China in recent years. However, no cause has been reported. Objectives: We attempted to determine whether the blackening of the pig intestine was related to an excess of copper (Cu) in their feed. Methods: In this study, we observed and collected porcine intestines in small- and large-scale pig slaughterhouses in Shandong province from May to October 2018. Twelve types of metal ions were detected in the black intestinal samples. Results: The Cu level in the intestine samples was mostly higher than the Chinese national limit for food. Further study showed that Cu supplementation in most commercial porcine feed also exceeded the national standard. An animal model (mouse) that could mimic the intestinal blackening in pigs was established. Compared to control mice, Cu accumulated in the liver and intestines of mice fed an excessive Cu level, confirming the excessive Cu in the feed may be considered the major cause of blackened porcine intestines. Microscopic examination revealed that black intestines had many particles containing Cu in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa, and the intestinal mucosal epithelial cells showed degeneration and necrosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, overuse of Cu in animal feed can lead to animal poisoning and Cu accumulation in animal products. Such overuse not only harms the health of livestock but can also affect public health.

단백질(蛋白質) 급원식품(給源食品)을 기피(忌避)하는 일부(一部) 유치원(幼稚園) 아동(兒童)의 식이형성(食餌形成)과 그 요인(要因) (A Study on the Preference on Protein Rich Foods in Kindergarten Children in Gyeong Nam Area)

  • 윤현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 1984
  • 경남 마산시, 진해시, 창원시에 거주하고 있는 일부 유치원 아동중 단백질(蛋白質) 급원(給源) 식품(食品)을 기피(忌避)하는 103명(名)에 대(對)한 식이형성(食餌形成)과 그 요인을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 남여비(男女比)는 1.2 : 1로서 남아(男兒)에 다소 높게 나타나고 생활(生活)은 중류(中流)이며 어머니의 학력은 고졸(高卒), 그리고 첫째 아이가 많았고 대부분 $2{\sim}3$형제의 핵가족(核家族)이였다. 2) 단백질(蛋白質) 급원식품(給源食品) 38개중 50%이상이 기피(忌避)하는 식품(食品)은 메주콩, 꽁치, 고등어, 멸치, 조개, 굴, 된장, 명태, 북어, 납세미, 미꾸라지, 도미, 민어, 조기, 곰국, 쇠간, 돼지고기, 칼치 등 18개 식품(食品)이였고 33%이상이 먹어보지 못한 식품(食品)은 쇠간, 쇠곱창, 쇠갈비, 뱀장어. 미꾸라지 등을 들고 있었다. 3) 기피(忌避) 이유(理由)는 맛이 좋지 않아서가 43.7%로 가장 많았고 독특한 냄새가 싫어서가 29.1%를 나타내었고 어머니의 생각으로는 몸에 좋다고 억지로 먹이려한 것이 가장 큰 원인으로 (30.1%) 보고 있었고 다음이 가족이나 친구의 영향 (29.1%) 으로 보고 있었다. 4)이의 교정을 위하여 아동은 맛있고 예쁘고 골고루 해주기를 원했고 어머니들은 이에 관한 구체적인 영양교육 실시를 원하고 있었다.

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저지방 고품질 돈육 생산을 위한 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 항체 개발 (Development of Polyclonal Antibodies to Abdominal and Subcutaneous Adipocyte for Producing Fat-reduced High Quality Pork)

  • 최창원;백경훈;최창본;오영균;홍성구
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 저지방 고품질 돈육의 생산을 위해 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 감소를 위한 다클론 항체의 개발 및 실제 세포에 미치는 세포독성효과를 확인하고자 실시되었다. 항원으로써 돼지의 복강 및 피하지방세포 PMP를 분리하여 면양에 3회에 걸쳐 수동면역 주사하고, 면역 주사 전 및 후에 비면역혈청과 항체를 생산하였다. 돼지 AAb 및 SAb 항체의 역가와 생체 주요 장기 조직인 심장, 신장, 간장, 폐, 근육 및 비장세포의 PMP에 대한 타장기 교차반응성을 조사하였다. 돼지 부위별 지방 조직에서 지방세포를 분리하고 각각 primary 배양시킨 후 개발된 AAb 및 SAb를 주입한 뒤 media 내 LDH 방출 수준을 조사하였다. 희석배율 1:1,000배를 기준으로 비면역혈청은 항원-항체 결합반응이 거의 측정되지 않았고, AAb 및 SAb는 희석배율 1:16,000배까지 각각 항원-항체 반응이 감지되었으며, 이는 본 연구에서 생산한 부위별 지방 감소 다클론 항체가 지방세포 PMP에 대해 강한 역가를 가진 항체임을 시사한다. 또한 AAb 및 SAb는 타 장기들과는 특이한 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서 개발한 두 항체들은 모두 항원으로 이용된 부위의 지방세포 PMP와 가장 높은 반응을 나타내었으며, 비면역혈청에 비해 유의적으로 높은 세포독성 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때 본 연구에서 개발된 AAb 및 SAb는 높은 역가, 타 장기 안전성 및 in vitro 지방 감소 효과가 있었으며 향후 영양생리 안전성 및 생체 지방 감소 효과 등의 추가 연구가 지속될 경우 저지방 고품질 돈육의 생산이 가능하리라고 판단된다.

자녀((子女)의 식습관(食習慣) 육성(育成)에 미치는 부모(父母)의 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 조사연구(調査硏究) (A Study of Children's Dietary Habits, focusing on Parental Influences)

  • 김기남;모수미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.25-42
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    • 1976
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 식습관(食習慣)에 있어서의 부모자(父母子)의 일치도(一致度)와 또한 이 사람들의 각종(各種) 식습관(食習慣)의 경향(傾向)을 조사(調査)하여 영양교육자료(營養敎育資料)를 얻는데 그 목적(目的)이 있다. 조사대상(調査對象)은 서울시내(市內)에 거주하는 국민학교(國民學校)부터 고등학교(高等學校)까지의 남녀학생(男女學生) 1,000명(名)과 동일대상학생(同一對象學生)의 부(父)와 모(母) 2,000명(名)을 대상(對象)으로 하고, 조사방법(調査方法)은 질문지법(質問紙法)(questio nnaire)을 사용(使用)하였다. 자료(資料)는 $Chi-Square(x^2)$에 의한 상관계수(相關係數)와 백분율(百分率)로 통계처리(統計處理)하였다. 조사결과(調査結果) 얻은 결론(結論)은 다음과 같다. 1. 식습관(食習慣)에 있어서의 부모자(父母子)의 일치도(一致度) 자녀(子女)의 성별(性別), 출생순위별(出生順位別) 모두 부(父)보다 모(母)의 영향(影響)이 더 컸다. 특(特)히 성별(性別)로 볼 때 여자(女子)와 츨생순위(出生順位)로 볼 때 중간자녀(中間子女)가 모(母)와의 상관(相關)정도가 높았다. 2. 각종(各種) 식습관(食習慣)에 대(對)한 경향조사(傾向調査) 1) 기호면(嗜好面) : 성별(性別), 연령별에 상관(相關)없이 일반적(一般的)으로 다 좋아하는 식품(食品)은 쇠고기, 우유, 만두, 도마도, 오이, 상추, 시금치였고 싫어하는 식품(食品)은 돼지비계, 쇠간, 진밥 돼지고기였다. 2) 영양(營養) 및 식사행동면(食事行動面) : 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準), 경제수준(經濟水準)이 높을수록 영양지식(營養知識), 가족(家族)의 영양(營養)에 대(對)한 관심도(關心度), 새로운 조리법(調理法)에 대(對)한 진취성(進取性)이 높았고 Food Attitudes, 음식과 보상(補償)관계는 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準), 경제수준(經濟水準)과 무관(無關)하였다. 3) 식습관변화면(食習慣變化面) : 조사대상중(調査對象中) 식습관(食習慣)이 변(變)한 사람은 70%이상(以上)에 달(達)하였으며 변화(變化)의 원인(原因)과 시기(時期)는 결혼(結婚)이후 배우자(配偶者)의 영향(影響)이 가장 컸다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 통(通)하여 각(各) 가정(家庭)에 있어서 주부(主婦)의 자녀(子女)들에 대(對)한 올바른 영향지도(營養指導)가 얼마나 중요(重要)한가를 알 수 있었다. 또한 주부(主婦)의 교육수준(敎育水準)이 높다고 하여 자녀(子女)들에 대한 영양교육면(營養敎育面)이 모두 바람직하다고는 볼 수 없었으므로 교육(敎育)받은 여성(女性)들의 책임(責任)과 자각(自覺)이 시급히 요청(要請)됨을 알 수 있었다.

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셀레늄함유 청보리 급여가 거세비육돈의 생산성, 혈액 및 도체특성, 조직 내 셀레늄 축적에 미치는 영향 (Influences of Feeding Seleniferous Whole Crop Barley on Growth Performance, Blood and Carcass Characteristics, and Tissue Selenium Deposition in Finishing Barrows)

  • 황보순;조익환;김국원;최창원;이성훈;한옥규;박태일;최인배
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.828-834
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 증가하는 수준의 셀레늄함유 청보리 사료를 비육돈에 급여 시 비육돈의 생산성, 혈액성상, 도체형질 및 조직 내 셀레늄함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험은 거세비육돈 40두를 공시하였고, 처리구는 셀레늄 수준에 따라 4처리구(0.1 ppm(대조구), 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm, 0.6 ppm)로 나누어 처리구당 5 pen씩, pen당 2두씩 배치하여, 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 각 시험사료는 셀레늄 함유 및 셀레늄무시비 관행 청보리를 조합하여 배합비의 5%를 배합하였고, 조단백질 및 가소화에너지 함량은 처리구 간 유사하도록 배합하였다. 실험사료 내에 셀레늄함유 청보리의 수준증가는 사료섭취량과 증체에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 혈중 총지질 농도는 셀레늄 수준이 증가할수록 유의하게 낮아졌으며(p<0.05), 혈중 총콜레스테롤은 대조구가 0.4와 0.6 ppm 셀레늄 시험구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 혈중 중성지방농도는 사료내 셀레늄수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 낮아졌고(p<0.05). 혈중 면역글로블린 G와 셀레늄 농도는 사료 내 셀레늄수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 도체율, 등지방 두께, 육량 및 육질등급은 셀레늄급여로 인한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 신장, 간장 및 등심 내 셀레늄함량은 사료 내 셀레늄함유 청보리 급여수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 직선적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 셀레늄함유 청보리급여는 비육돈의 지질대사관련 혈액성상을 개선시켰고, 셀레늄강화 돈육의 생산이 가능하였다. 본 연구에서 조직 내 셀레늄수준을 강화시키기 위한 사료내 적정셀레늄수준은 0.4 ppm인 것으로 나타났고, 생산된 돈육 등심 100 g이 소비자에게 제공되었을 때, 세계보건기구(WHO, 1996)에서 제안한 성인기준 1일 최소셀레늄권장량(40 ${\mu}g$)이 충족되는 것으로 나타났다.

종교 및 융복합적 특성이 사망양상에 미치는 영향 (Effects on the Mortality Patterns by Religious and Related Factors in Korean Population)

  • 임종민;장주동;김현수;이무식
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.213-223
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    • 2015
  • 목적 : 재림교인들은 건강에 대한 신념이 매우 강하고, 실천적인 측면에서도 매우 강조하고 있다. 한국의 재림교인들 역시 음주와 흡연을 피할 뿐만 아니라 음식을 가려 먹고 육식을 금하는 기독교인으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 재림교인들의 사망양상과 일반 인구집단간의 사망양상을 파악하고 그 관련요인을 도출하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2000년부터 2004년까지 5년간의 재림교회와 일반 인구집단의 사망자의 사망양상을 비교 분석하였다. 재림교회의 사망자를 분석하기 위해서 수도권 지역의 재림교인이 주로 이용하는 재림묘지의 사망자 자료를 이용하였으며, 일반인구집단은 통계청 사망자료를 이용하였다. 결과 : 연구대상자의 평균 사망 연령에서 재림교인은 70.45세이었으며, 일반 인구집단은 65.63세로 재림교인이 높게 타났다. 사망원인에서 재림교인이 위암, 간암, 대장암, 유방암 등 신생물에 의한 사망이 일반 인구집단 보다 높게 타났으며, 일반 인구에서 손상, 중독 및 외인에 의한 특정 기타 결과, 뇌혈관질환과 외인사가 재림교인에서 보다 높았다. 특히, 50세 이상 신앙기간 10년 이상의 재림교인의 사망원인은 위암이 유의하게 낮았으며, 남자에서 폐암 사망률도 유의하게 낮아 건강한 생활습관과의 관계를 확인하였다.

17세기 이전 주식류의 문헌적 고찰 (Investigation of Main Dishes on Literatures before the 17th Century)

  • 김은미;조신호;정낙원;최영진;원선임;차경희;김현숙;이효지
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제22권3호통권93호
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    • pp.314-336
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    • 2006
  • In this treatise, we investigated the Korean literature of main dishes before the 17th century : ${\ulcorner}Sangayorock{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Sasichanyocho{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Soowonjabbang{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Yongjechongwha{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Dongyoebogam{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Geebongyouseul{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}New-Guwhangchalyo{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Eumshickdimibang{\lrcorner}$,, ${\ulcorner}joobangmoon{\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}Yorock{\lrcorner}$. Main dishes were classified 19 kinds of rice, 64 kinds of gruel, 6 kinds of thin gruel, 1 kind of Moori, 1 kind of rice-cake soup, 37 kinds of noodles and 20 kinds of dumpling. Rice varieties were brown rice, rice, hulled rice, millet rice, foxtail millet rice, barley rice, sesame rice and flax seed rice. Gruel ingredients were cereal, beans, vegetables, nuts or seeds, medical plants or hardy wild plants, poultry, pork's kidney, dog's liver or oyster, clam and/or milk Rice-cake soup was 'Tangbyun' in ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$. Noodles were divided by main flours: wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mung bean flour and other flours. Noodles were made by pressing or cutting method. Pressing method used a mold with a hole. The husk of dumpling was made by wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mixed flour of wheat and buckwheat, sliced fish or meat, and/or a gray mullet. Another special method was 'Sangwha' made by fermentation. Bun stuffing of dumpling used fishes, meat, vegetables, beans, flours and seasonings. Cooking methods of dumpling were boiling, baking, steaming and pan-frying. From this investigation of the Korean main dishes described in the Korean literature before the 17th century, we expect to develop useful recipes for those who are concerned about health and want longevity, and thereby to advance the Korean food culture.

광주시내 여중학생의 도시락 영양실태와 식품 기호 및 환경요인과의 관계 (Relationships between the Nutritional Status for Lunch-Box, the Taste of Food and the Environmental Factors of Middle School Girls in Kwangju City)

  • 안순례
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.53-68
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    • 1988
  • This article concerned with the nutritional status and the taste of the lunch box of 311 middle school girls in Kwangju City from May 18 to June 12 in 1987. The purpose of this research was making materials to show direction of the education about nutrition by checking relationships among the nutritional status for the lunch box, the taste of food and the environmental factors. The results observed in the study were as follows: 1. The intake of nutrition from the lunch box and the ratio between the recommended dietary allowance and the contained nutrients in the lunch box as follows. Calorie(603 Kcal, 78.6%), protein (21.7g, 93.1%) Animal protein (10.3g, 132.1%) calcium (151.7 g, 56.9%) Ferrum 93.1 mg, 51.7%), Vitamin a (129.3 RE, 55.4%) Vitamin B1 (0.29 mg, 72.5%), Vitamin B (0.26 mg, 55.3%) Niacin (4.7 mg, 94.0%), Vitamin C 913.2 mg, 79.0%). Except animal protein, all the recommended dietary allowance. 2. According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of taken carbohydrate, protein and fat was 77.7 : 15.5 : 6.8. The intake of protein was desirable but most of calorie depended on carbohydrate. Among the total intake of protein, the ratio of animal protein was 47.5%, which was a high rate. 3. Most of calorie (75%), was taken from staples, protein (41.5%), vitamin B1 (48.3%) were taken at the same rate from staples and side dishes. Most of fat, calcium, ferrum, vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C, was taken from side dishes. 4. In taking among the five basic food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food groups, proportion of the grain fourth food group was the highest, light color vegetable the third food group was second, and Calcium food the second food group was the lowest. 5. As the staples, students liked tchajangmyon, mandu and ttokkuk as written order. They disliked Kongbap and Patpap. As the side dishes for the lunch box, they liked kimchi, ham, sausage, cuttlefish, dried slices of filefish, eggs and green seaweed as written order. As a side dishes they liked Laver, Cucumber, Squid, lettuce, Potatoes. They disliked pork fat, cow's intestines, cow's liver, Crussian carp, pickled fish. The favorite snack was fruits, ice cream, hamburger, Chocolate and milk. 6. In taking condition of the principal food, rice rate (65.6%) was the most, and mixed food was 5 or 10%. 7. Favorite cooking was frying, roasting and kimch. But disagreeable cooking was pickling. 8. Favorite food was what was pungent but disagreeable food was what was salty. 9. the higher parents educational background was, the higher their income was. Also the more various the information about the nutrition was, the better the intake of nutrition was. 10. The preference tendency influenced in choosing the side dish of the Lunch box. The higher the preference tendency of the girl students became, the better their nutrition condition became.

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어린이의 식습관(食習慣)이 체위(體位)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관한 연구(硏究) (The Influence of Food Habits on Body Stature of Children)

  • 이미숙;모수미
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 1976
  • The Purpose of this study was to determine every possible correlation between food habits and body statures of primary school children, aged ten years old. This study was conducted from July to October of 1975. In July, prepared questionaires concerning life style, anthropometry, food preference, and food behavior were distributed through school teachers to 425 children; 219 boys and 206 girls, in the 5th grade of three elementary schools in the city of Seoul. Then, in October, when subjects had been classified into underweight/obese by statistical analysis, mothers of obese or underweight children were interviewed by the authors to determine weaning history, daily food consumption of their children, and opinions of various snacks for children. Analysis of results in terms of correlation coefficient, chisquare test and percentage calculations, are as follows: 1. Physical growth and development Boys Girls Height (cm) $134.8{\pm}5.74\;134.4{\pm}5.97$ Weight (kg) $30.0{\pm}4.27\;29.5{\pm}5.16$ Chestgirth (cm) $64.1{\pm}3.59\;63.3{\pm}3.81$ Arm circumference (cm) $18.3{\pm}1.61\;18.2{\pm}1.70$ Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) $10.9{\pm}5.13\;12.7{\pm}4.86$ Various indices of nutrition such as relative weight, relative chestgirth, $R{\ddot{o}}hrer's$ index, Kaup index, Vervaeck index were determined. 2. Food habits 1) Food $preference{\cdots}{\cdots}A$ varying number of foods were selected from 60 items were accepted. It was found that the food which children liked best was fruit and snacks were popular one. Lowest ranking among LIKED foods were from strongly flavored vegetables and organ meat. In general, girls had more food dislikes than did boys. Selected as liked foods were fruits, rice noodle soup, biscuits, and peanuts. Disliked foods were liver, green onions, onions, green pepper, mushrooms, oysters, shellfish, and pork. Items which children never ate before were liver, mushrooms, fish cake, boiled rice mixed with sorghum, mayonnaise, and fresh water firsh. Reasons which children gave for dislike were undesirable flavor and odor. 2) Food $behavior{\cdots}{\cdots}It$ was found that boys liked sweet and salty flavors more than did the girls who more often liked sour flavor. The majority of children enjoyed evening meals more than lunch and breakfast. A number of children skipped breakfast because of lack of appetite or lack of time before going to school. Snacks were the most popular food, especially among girls. Their snacking habits were formed by the encouragement of the mother, and the relieve boredom. Educational backgrounds of mothers and family economical levels of children were remarkable correlated with mothers' attitudes toward feeding of children. There were several interesting findings relating body stature to some other responses; such as that the obese child has a small number of brothers, higher birth order, higher educated mothers and higher family cultural background. It was also discovered that food perference, except for fat and oil group foods was not related to body stature. Sweet taste was liked best and pepperly taste was mostly disliked. Sour taste was popular in the group of underweight. Underweight children were more finicky, disliked snacking, and didn't get much attention from their mothers. 3) Correlation between body stature and nutrition during their infancy. The majority of children, both from obese and underweight, were breast fed as infant. Twenty five per cent of obese children and 17.4 per cent of underwight children started weaning at $1{\sim}6$ months old. The most popular supplemental food of weaning was cereal gruel for the obese group, while boiled white rice and cereal gruel were most common for the underweight group. Highly significant relationships were found between stature of parents and their children. In the obese group 47.8 per cent of fathers and 45.9 per cent of mothers were overweight; however, none of the fathers and only one mother was found to be underweight. In daily food consumption patterns, meals consisting of bread or noodle were popular in the obese group but disliked by the underweight group. The study found clear contrast in that the obese group liked meat and fish while the underweight group liked fruits and vegetables, especially kimchee. The obese children desired to eat cereal foods, milk and milk products, and fat foods while the underweight group desired to eat fruits and vegetables. Frequency of snacks per day was much greater in the obese group. Foods which mothers believed to be good for the health were carrots, cucumbers, fruits, milk, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and breads, while sweet foods such as candies, drinks. chocolate were considered not good for the teeth. Watching television was not significantly related to statures of children. Most significant relationships were found beween frequencies of family guest meals/and eating-out, and children's statures. Nutritional problems which have been considered for the malnourished children in addition to those of children who have a tendency toward obesity, must be taken into consideration in the development of proper nutrition education through the channels of regular school teaching and teaching by parents in the homes. Korean standards of anthropometric measurements for children should be revised, current measurements show much higher figures than present Korean standards.

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한국농촌의 식품금기에 관한 연구

  • 모수미
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.733-739
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    • 1966
  • A 371 agricultural households from 26 different communities in South Korea was subjected on a study of food taboos in January of 1966. To the pregnant women, those to whom a high protein diet is particurally important, as many as 14 different kinds of foods, mostly portein rich foods, were avoided to eat. It is believed that if duck is eaten while pregnant her baby may walk like a duck in later life. Some mother have a strong aversion to the rabbit meat that her unborn baby must be a harelip. It is feared to eat chicken, shark or carp by the pregnant mother for her baby may get a gooseflesh appearance, or fish scale-like skin in later life. It is thought that if mother eats soup made of meat borns, especially chicken bones, a disfigured baby may be born. Some area informed that if mother eats crab meat her future baby will always bubble. To the child-bearing mothers 13 different kinds of foods were avoided to eat. Some believe that if raddish kimchi, soybean curd, squash are eaten while dilivery that mother may get dental decay or to lose all her teeth. Other think that highly spiced raddish kimchi cause delivery difficult. To the lactating mothers 7 different items of foods were not recommended to eat. It is a common belief that eating green vegetables, especially fresh lettuce, are restricted that her baby may stool greenish. It is said that eating ginsen-chicken soup, or ginsen tea during lactating reduces breast milk secretion. To the weaning babies 7 different kinds of foods were prohibited to fee. Eggs are not eaten because mothers think her babies will start to talk very late. Eight different items of foods in cases of gastro-intestinal diseases, 5 items for liver disease, 7 items for high blood pressure as well as for paralysis were respectively restricted. It is said that meats including pork, beef, and chicken are neither desirable for the patients of high blood pressure nor those of paralysis. To the measles children 10 varieties of foods were restricted. Especially soybean products and meats were not encouraged to use for avoiding asecond attack of measles. For the common cold 8 different kinds of foods were aversed and men think that eating of soup of undria delays a recovery. For the tuberculosis 4 kinds of foods were prohibited to eat. It is said that wine, red pepper and ginsen will stimulate lung bleeding. Many mothers had a strong aversion to fermented shrimp and fish in case of style. and 5 different items of foods were restricted. In case of menstration not so many foods were restricted as other cases, but meat soup is not eaten in this condition in some areas. Majority of food taboos in Korean villages are neither based on tribal nor religious factors. But no one knows how, since what ages, from where, these food taboos have been transmitted and spread over the country. This survey found a great variety of food taboos, aversions, traditional beliefs and prohibitions latent unknown reseasons, or non-scientific conceptions, or completely different ideas from the modern medical aspect, or somewhat fallacious and superstitious beliefs. For the vascular disease contrasting approach were found between modern the oritical therapy and popular remedy among the rural populations who largely depend on the eastern medication. Further scientific study on either side should be done to lead the patient proper way. Many restricted foods such as rabbit, duck, chicken and fish are best resources of protein rich foods which are available in the village. Emphasis should be laid upon breaking down fallacious and supersititious food taboos through the extended nutrition education activities in order to improve food habit and good eating pattern for healthier and stronger generations of Korea.

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