• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.465-471
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• 1999

The concentration of air pollution in a large city such as Pusan has been increased every years due to the increase on fuel consumption at factories and by vehicles as well as the gravitation of the population. In this study, we have analyzed $NO_2$ concentration data and various data of meteorological factors during 1994-1997 to investigate the characteristics of $NO_2$ concentration and how the high $NO_2$ concentration is generated under the meterological condition. According to the study, $NO_2$ peak concentration at most sites occured about 1h later after the rush hour. In the characteristics of emissions in sites, sinpyeong-dong was highly contributed to point source while the other sites were highly contributed to line source. The high $NO_2$ concentration had high generation probability when temperature contained typical seasonal characteristics and wind speed was low. Using the relationship between meteorological factors and the daily average $NO_2$ concentration, correlation analysis was practiced. the seasonal variation of the daily average $NO_2$ concentration was correlated with air temperature, solar radiation and wind speed, but the correlation coefficient between meteorological factors and the daily average $NO_2$ concentration was not so much high. Thus we have known that the daily average $NO_2$ concentration is partially explained by meteorological factors.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권5_4호
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• pp.1153-1166
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• 2020

본 연구는 위성영상 기반의 열 분포도 및 폭염을 심화시키는 요인 간의 공간적 상관성을 분석하여 열 집중지역과 향후 폭염 위험이 증가할 수 있는 공간의 탐색을 목적으로 수행되었다. 열 집중지역과 폭염 심화요인의 인구, 토지이용, 건축물 각각의 전역적 Moran's I는 높게 나타나 특정 공간에 집중하는 것으로 나타났다. 국지적 Moran's I 분석 결과로, 열 집중지역은 수도권 및 광역시 등 대도시에서 주로 나타났고 상대적으로 온도가 낮은 지역은 산림지역이 우세한 강원도 및 경상북도, 소백산맥 지역에서 집중적으로 나타났다. 인구증가율이 높은 지역은 서울 주변의 경기도, 대전, 부산 인근지역에서 군집 분포하였으며 토지이용과 건축물은 수도권과 대도시에 집중하는 유사한 공간 패턴을 보였다. Bivariate Local Moran's I 분석결과는 열이 집중된 지역에서 인구증가율이 높고, 인공적·도시적 건축환경 및 토지이용이 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 열 집중지역의 순위를 도출할 수 있으며 전국적으로 열이 집중되고 이를 심화시킬 수 있는 환경을 가진 지역을 탐색할 수 있으므로 궁극적으로 선제적 폭염 대응대책 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 1980

The aim of this study was to define the range of the menstrual blood loss(MBL), and the upper limit of the MBL associated with iron deficiency anemia in Korean women, For this purpose, healthy unmarried women between the age of 15 to 26 years were selected from July to September, 1979 and results obtained were used for determining baseline MBL and its relationship to iron nutriture. One houndred forteen women were tested for their MBL and hematological and biochemical data such as hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), and serum iron and ferritin concentration. This study was partly supported by World Health Organization. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The mean values and standard error of mean of MBL were $30.7{\pm}2.19ml$ for total subjects, $30.4{\pm}3.14ml$ for sutjects below 20 years of age and $30.3{\pm}2.49ml$ for subjects aged more than 20 years. No significant variation was noted for amount of MBL between two age groups. 2) The median value and 95th percentile value of MBL were 26.5ml and 69.0ml respectively for total subjects. Maximum number (24.6%) of the subjects fell in group with 10-20ml of MBL while 10.5% showed MBL above 50m1. 3) Mean value of the duration of menstruation for total subjects was 4.34 days. 4) It was observed that mean values of Hb concentration, hematocrit and MCHC were decreased slightly in subjects showing MBL more than 40m1. Serum iron and ferritin levels were markedly decreased in women with MBL above 40m1 and 20-30ml, respectively. 5) In subject population showing MBL above 50ml, the frequency of subjects with hematological and biochemical data below anemia criteria were remarkably increased. 6) Although the number of subjects tested was small and the subject selection was not done by random stratified sampling from a population group, this study suggested that the upper normal limit of MBL of Korean women seems to be in the range of 40-50ml.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2020

본 연구는 교통카드 자료를 활용하여 서울시 고령인구의 주요 체류 공간을 도출하고 체류의 시공간적 특성을 분석에 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 2015년 10월 12일부터 2015년 10월 18일까지 7일간의 서울시 교통카드 자료를 이용하였다. 분석 결과 도심지, 강남 등 14개 지역이 주 체류 공간으로 추출되었으며, 각 체류지별 방문 사용자 특성과 체류 시간대를 기준으로 살펴본 결과 5개 그룹으로 특성이 나뉘는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 체류지 대부분은 해당 지역 인근에 거주하는 고령 인구가 방문하는 것으로 나타났으나, 많은 고령 인구가 방문하는 그룹의 경우 상대적으로 방문 고령자의 거주지가 넓게 나타나 체류지간 위계가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 체류 집중 시간대는 주로 오전 10시에서 오후 5시 사이에 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 제기동과 영등포의 경우 오후 12부터 체류가 집중되며, 잠실, 선릉, 양재의 경우 주중 오전 9시부터 체류가 집중되어 체류지별 인구 집중 시간이 상이하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 서울시 내의 고령 인구의 주요 체류 공간과 각 체류 공간별 체류 특성을 고려한 대중교통정책수립에 필요한 시사점을 제공한다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2017

본 연구는 세계 113개국을 대상으로 수위도시(primary city) 중심의 일극경제체제가 일인당 국내총생산 성장률에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2000년에서 2010년 동안의 각 국의 1인당 경제성장률을 종속변수로 하는 Barro and Salai-Martin(1992)의 성장방정식 모형을 추정하였다. 그리고 가장 중요한 설명변수인 수위도시의 집중도 지표는 전체인구 대비 수위도시 인구 비율과 인구규모가 두 번째로 큰 제2도시 대비 수위도시 인구규모 지표를 사용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 수위도시 집중을 나타내는 지표로 전국 인구대비 수위도시 인구를 사용하였을 경우, 수위도시 집중과 경제성장 간에는 부(-)의 관계가 있는 회귀분석결과도 존재했지만, 본 연구에서 추정한 회귀모형의 대부분에서는 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 얻지 못했다. 반면에 수위도시 집중을 나타내는 지표로 수위도시 인구대비 제2도시 인구비율을 사용한 경우, 수위도시집중과 경제성장 간에는 부(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전국인구대비 수위도시 인구비율 변수보다는 수위도시 인구 대비 제2도시 인구비율 변수는 일극 중심의 수위도시 집중을 보다 잘 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 회귀분석결과는 단순한 수위도시 집중보다는 일극 중심의 수위도시 집중이 훨씬 경제성장에 부정적 영향을 미침을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 역시 제2도시와의 수위도시의 격차가 축소된다면 성장률을 높일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1985

Korean population is ecpected to reach about 50 million by year 2000. And per capita GNP might attain the $5,000 level. This is bound to have profound impact on housing. For one thing, population and income growth will accelerate new household formation thus increasing new housing needs. On the other, changes in the housing preference function in association with income growth and new way of life would mean increasing demand for better dwelling environment. In addition, by year 2000, there will be many more elderly households necessitating new approaches to housing. The question is whether or not Korea could cope with new housing perspectives. If Korean housing has made in the past some progress in housing quality, it has not been able to tackle the mounting housing shortage. This is attributable to the concentration of effective housing demand in the hands of upper income groups in association with skewed income distribution and sustained dwelling price hike. Korea needs some basic changes in housing policy. The public sector should produce much more small dwellings either for sales or renting. Second, mortgage loans should be expanded so as to increase the access to housing. Third, every thing must be done to cut down the dwelling price through tax cut, relaxation of some requlations, cyclical stabilization of dwelling construction and loan subsidies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2022

Background In Japan, there is a large regional disparity in plastic surgery availability. In order for plastic surgery to be widely available for all citizens, it is essential for at least one plastic surgery facility to be located in each secondary medical zone. Methods Using the Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery homepage and some databases, we extracted data on secondary medical zones that do not have a plastic surgery facility. The national and regional coverage rates were calculated. The coverage rate for each group divided by the degree of population concentration was also calculated. Results We found that 147 of 344 secondary medical zones did not have a plastic surgery facility, and the area coverage rate was found to be 57.27% nationwide. The coverage rate in terms of population was 87.07% (correlation coefficient of area and population coverage = 0.983). The area coverage rates in Hokkaido-Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kansai, Chugoku-Shikoku, and Kyushu-Okinawa districts were 47.46, 72.15, 76.47, 62.79, 52.08, and 32.81%, respectively. The corresponding population coverage rates were 79.92, 91.62, 94.27, 90.59, 80.68, and 69.54%, respectively. The area coverage rates in metropolitan areas, provincial cities, and rural areas were 98.08, 75.90, and 15.87%, respectively. In contrast, the area coverage rate of dermatology was 62.79% and that of orthopaedics was 97.09%. Conclusion Unfortunately, it is estimated that more than 40% of secondary medical zones are underserved by plastic surgery, and 13% of the population is not able to fully benefit from this specialty in Japan.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.685-686
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• 2015

The world is currently undergoing an intense urbanization process. The percentage of urban dwellers has never been so high. In 2010, and for the first time, urban population surpassed the rural one, accounting for 51% of global population, and this trend will continue in the forthcoming years. This increment in concentration of population and supporting assets in cities, make their performance a critical issue for world population. Recent events such as Fukushima tsunami and the hurricane Katrina have shown how fragile built environments are and the unpredictability of occurrence and magnitude of the hazards. Such an expansion of the world's urban population, together with an increase in severity and number of hazards and catastrophes, has put under the spotlight the necessity to build cities not only sustainable, but resilient. Decision makers should acknowledge failure as an option, and the importance of developing city resilience. This paper will provide an initial review on urban resilience, definitions and assessment approaches as a first step for decision makers to account for resilience in their decision making process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 1995

The effects of bentonite (B) on rumen protozoal population and rumen fluid characteristics of sheep fed palm kernel cake (PKC) were studied for a period of 21 days. Two groups, each comprising two sheep were fed either PKC or PKC + B ad libitum A third group was left at pasture. Rumen fluid was sampled through a rumen cannula three times daily from all animals. Palm kernel cake contained 16% crude protein, 1 % crude fat and high amounts of copper, zinc, iron and manganese. Protozoal population in the rumen fluid decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after the onset of feeding PKC or PKC + B. However, sheep given bentonite supplementation at 2% of the dietary dry matter, maintained higher protozoal densities ($15{\times}10^4/ml$) when compared to animals fed only PKC ($8{\times}10^4/ml$). With both diets, the protozoa were mainly of the small entodinia species. Animals at pasture had higher protozoal population ($47{\times}10^4/ml$) with varying species of entodiniomorphids and holotrichs. Rumen fluid pH and ammonia concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in animals at pasture compared to animals fed PKC or PKC + B. Volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in animals fed PKC when compared to animals at pasture. There was a shift in fermentation pattern in animals fed PKC or PKC + B towards a lower acetate; and higher propionate, isovalerate and valerate. Studies in vitro also showed the positive effect of bentonite on protozoal numbers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1982

The aim of this study was to observe the relationships between the amount of menstrual blood loss (MBL) and age, parity, number of pregnancy and induced abortion, and the iron nutriture in married Korean women. Fifty-one healthy women aged 26 to 48 years were tested for their MBL, hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron and ferritin concentrations. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) The mean value and standard error of mean of the MBL was $32.0{\pm}3.94ml$, and the range of MBL was 3.8-127.2 ml for total subjects. Maximum number (23.5%) of the subjects fell in the group with MBL of 10-l9ml, while 17.7% showed MBL above 50m1. 2) There were no statistically significant differences on the mean amount of MBL between the age groups 25-48 years. 3) The mean amount of MBL in 1-2 and 3-4 para groups were 28.5 and 36.1 ml, respectively, but the difference between two groups was not significant 4) It was observed that the mean amount of MBL was gradually decreased as the number of pregnancy and induced abortion were increased, but the significance was not observed. 5) The mean values of Hb concentration, MCHC and serum iron concentration were slightly decreased in subjects with MBL of more than 50ml but the statistical significance was not observed. The mean of Hct value was not influenced by the amount of MBL. While serum ferritin concentrations were markedly decreased and the prevalence rate of anemia was markedly increased as the amount of MBL was increased. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean amount of MBL with respect to the serum ferritin concentration.