• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3113-3118
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• 2012

Introduction: Cancer is the second cause of death in Kuwaiti people after cardiovascular diseases. This study is the first in the country to describe epidemiological measures related to cancer in this population. Methods: Data obtained from the Kuwait cancer registry included all Kuwaiti patients between years 2000-2009. Analyses were conducted using age-specific rates, the age-standardization-direct method, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), cumulative risk by the age of 74 years, limited-duration prevalence, mortality and forecasting to year 2029. Results: It was noted that the commonest cancer sites were colorectal with an age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 16.1/100,000 in males and breast (49.4/100,000) in the female population. The trend of cancer incidence (1974-2009) showed no statistically significant change. First causes of death due to cancer were female breast 8(6.4-9.6)/100,000 and lung (males) 8.1/100,000 (6.6-10.0). The risk of developing cancer by the age of 74 was 13.4% (1/8) and 14.3% (1/7) in males and females respectively, and the risk of dying from cancer in the same age group was 1/17 and 1/23. By the end of 2009, prevalent cases represented 0.52% of the Kuwaiti population. In the year 2029, the total number of cancer cases is expected to reach 1200 cases compared to 889 cases in 2009. Conclusions and recommendations: The most common cancers in Kuwait (breast, colorectal and lung) are largely preventable. Prompt and effective interventional prevention programs that vigorously involve diet, anti-smoking and physical activity for both sexes are urgently required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2015

Background: Leukoplakia is an asymptomatic and potentially malignant change in the oral mucosa and high frequencies have been reported among smokers. The present study concerned the prevalence of tobacco use and leukoplakia and also associations between the two. Study design: This cross sectional survey was conducted amongst the Gond tribal population of Kundam Block, Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh state, Central India during 2007 to 2009. Screening for leukoplakia was conducted by a medical officer with two mouth mirrors. It is only based on visual inspection and oral pathology was not performed. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and smoking habits. Prevalence of leukoplakia among users and non-users of tobacco was calculated in terms of percentages. Results: Of 1,552 individuals aged more than 12 years of age who were screened, 144 (9.3%) were found to have oral leukoplakia. The prevalence of leukoplakia was significantly elevated among tobacco users as compared to non-users (11% vs 2.5%; p<0.001). The percentage of leukoplakia was almost similar in both tobacco smokers and chewers (9% vs 11%; p=0.304). However, the percentage of leukoplakia was especially high among those chewers who also smoked tobacco (21.9%). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed a positive effect of tobacco use and prevalence of leukoplakia. Also the prevalence was very high among Gond tribe, a marginalized population living in central India. There is a need for effective screening and treatment of leukoplakia in this area.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2011

본 연구는 도시철도에 의한 도시의 사회 및 공간적 영향을 개통 이후 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다라는 측면에서 시작되었으며, 이에 본 연구는 대전시의 공간구조에 커다란 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측되고 있는 도시철도 1호선 개통에 따라 도시적 사회적 변화를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 학문적 고찰과 선행연구 고찰을 통해 도시철도가 도시에 미치는 영향을 예측하였고, 모니터링 지표를 설정하였다. 대전광역시 도시철도 1호선 역세권 지역에 대한 모니터링 결과, 인구와 토지이용, 총 개발연면적, 지가의 변화를 통해 도시철도의 개통이 대전시의 도시계획의 흐름과 도시공간구조의 변화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 즉, 도시철도가 개통됨에 따라 도시철도 역세권 중심으로 인구 및 인구활동 등이 집중 되며, 인구 및 인구활동의 집중은 상업지역을 확대를 가져왔으며, 이러한 변화는 평균지가의 상승을 가져오는 결과를 초래하였다. 이처럼 도시모니터링은 도시의 전반적인 시기별 변화를 파악하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있으며, 현재 도시를 파악하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2006

서울시와 인천광역시, 그리고 경기도가 포함된 서울 대도시권에서는 1990년 이후 인구집중현상이 극심하게 나타나고 있으며, 특히 서울시의 인구억제정책에 따라 인천광역시 및 경기지역으로의 인구집중이 심화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세계의 대도시에서 공통적으로 나타나고 있는 도심공동현상의 확인을 위하여 서울 대도시권의 역사적인 인구자료를 분석하였고, 서울 대도시권의 확산패턴을 확인하기 위하여 인구자료로부터 산출한 순위변화지수(RMI: Rank Mobility Index)를 분석하였다. 또한 지역 간 상호작용 분석에 유용한 자료로서 최근 미국에서도 대도시를 정의하는 유일한 기준으로 사용될 만큼 그 중요도가 높아지고 있는 통근자 자료를 본 연구에서도 분석하였다. 인구 자료의 분석 결과, 서울시의 인구는 1990년 이래 정체현상을 보이고 있으나, 내부적으로는 외곽에 위치한 구 및 동으로의 편중현상을 나타냄이 확인되었다. 또한 순위변화지수의 분석으로 대규모 개발과 인프라 건설이 집중된 서울 이남지역을 위주로 서울 대도시권이 불균형적 확산을 지속하고 있음을 확인하였으며, 통근자 자료의 분석을 통하여 서울 주변지역의 자족성이 높아질수록 서울에 대한 의존도가 낮아짐을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 서울대도시권의 효율적인 계획 및 관리 정책 수립에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.413-425
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• 2014

이 글에서는 생물학적 다양성 개념의 역사적 변화를 이해할 한 가지 방안으로 인간 집단의 다양성에 대한 유전학적 연구의 역사를 탐구한 과학기술학 (STS) 연구들을 검토한다. 이를 통해, 지난 백여 년 동안 생물학 연구 방법론의 변화에 따라 인간 집단의 생물학적 다양성을 지시하는 개념의 전환이 이루어져 온 과정을 확인한다. 동시에 이 같은 연구방법과 개념의 극적인 전환에도 불구하고 최근의 인간 유전다양성 과학 역시 연구를 설계하고, 기술하며, 연구 결과를 해석하는 가운데 과거 연구들의 문제적인 가정들을 담지 하는 방향으로 미끄러질 수 있음을 지적한다. 이를 바탕으로 이 글은 생물다양성 연구자들이 개념과 연구 방법론 사이의 긴밀한 연관과 우리 시대의 종 분류 작업이 가져올 수 있는 문제들에 대해 성찰할 기회를 제공할 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.337-357
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• 2012

본 연구는 1980년 이후 후기산업사회의 경제 사회구조의 변화로 인해 새로운 사회적 위험이 등장하면서 이에 대한 복지국가의 정책적 전환을 실증적으로 분석하고 있다. 새로운 사회적 위험구조로서 세계화, 탈산업화, 인구고령화, 여성의 고용률, 그리고 아동인구의 비중이 소득보장지출과 사회투자지출로 구성된 사회지출구조를 변화시켰는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1997-2007년까지 OECD 회원국을 대상으로 패널데이터를 구축하고 패널교정표준오차를 고려한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 무역개방도, 여성의 사회진출, 아동인구의 비중이 사회투자 확대를 중심으로 한 사회지출 구조변화에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 무역개방도가 높을수록, 아동인구비율이 감소할수록, 그리고 여성 고용률이 증가할수록 소득보장지출보다는 사회투자지출 증가가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 탈산업화와 인구고령화는 사회지출 구조변화에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 새로운 사회적 위험구조에 대해 선진복지국가의 복지체계가 소득이전 중심의 정책에서 고용을 통한 생산적 사회정책으로의 완전한 전환을 의미하지는 않지만, 전체적인 방향 전환은 어느 정도 이루어지고 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1252-1264
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• 2020

Objective: To effectively utilize crop by-product resources to address the shortage of animal feed during the dry season in Africa, the community of natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of corn stover and sugarcane tops and fermentation characteristics of silage were studied in Mozambique. Methods: Corn stover and sugarcane tops were obtained from agricultural field in Mozambique. Silage was prepared with LAB inoculant and cellulase enzyme and their fermentation quality and microbial population were analyzed. Results: Aerobic bacteria were the dominant population with 10⁷ colony-forming unit/g of fresh matter in both crops prior to ensiling, while 10⁴ to 10⁷ LAB became the dominant bacteria during ensiling. Lactobacillus plantarum was more than 76.30% of total isolates which dominated silage fermentation in the LAB-treated sugarcane top silages or all corn stover silages. Fresh corn stover and sugarcane tops contain 65.05% to 76.10% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 6.52% to 6.77% crude protein (CP) on a dry matter basis, and these nutrients did not change greatly during ensiling. Corn stover exhibits higher LAB counts and water-soluble carbohydrates content than sugarcane top, which are naturally suited for ensiling. Meanwhile, sugarcane tops require LAB or cellulase additives for high quality of silage making. Conclusion: This study confirms that both crop by-products contain certain nutrients of CP and NDF that could be well-preserved in silage, and that they are potential roughage resources that could cover livestock feed shortages during the dry season in Africa.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2020

Migration presents a substantial social and public health issue. However, it is unclear whether diabetes is worse among Asian migrants than natives of South Korea over time. This longitudinal study investigated the nationwide population, including 2,680,495 adults aged 20 years and older (987,214 Asian migrants and 1,693,281 natives), who received health check-ups, using the Korean National Health Insurance Service data (2009-2015). Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the annual percentage change of diabetes, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine differences in incident type 2 diabetes between Asian migrants and natives adjusting for age, sex, economic status, body mass index, smoking status, any alcohol use, and physical activity. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes increased among native men (from 8.8% in 2009 to 9.7% in 2015, APC=1.64, p<0.05) compared to Asian migrant men, and the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes increased among native women (from 6.0% in 2009 to 6.7% in 2015, APC=1.88, p<0.05) compared to Asian migrant women. In the multivariate analyses, Asian migrants were less likely to get type 2 diabetes than natives (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.86) between the first and last health check-ups. However, the odds ratio for developing type 2 diabetes was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.20) among low-income levels compared to high-income levels, regardless of whether they were Asian migrants or natives. The results could help to establish a new strategy for prevention, treatment, and management of diabetes among the Asian population.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2019

Purpose: As health care needs for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) are becoming increasingly important, it has become imperative for the nurses to be attentive towards their health problems and provide nursing care with an open-minded attitude. Due to limited opportunity to provide direct nursing care to LGBT patients, it is hypothesized that simulation would provide good opportunity for students to experience LGBT nursing care in a safe environment. This study was conducted to develop and apply simulation of LGBT nursing care to ultimately provide unbiased nursing care for LGBT population and prepare basic data for LGBT nursing education. Methods: This study was a single-group pre-post experimental design study for 57 senior nursing students based on the comparison of existing LGBT knowledge, general attitude towards LGBT, and nursing attitude towards LGBT before and after simulation. The scenario content included discussion of coming out issue, providing sexual health information, and supportive nursing care for LGBT population. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank. Results: Simulation education-led to a significant increase in LGBT knowledge and nursing attitude. However, there was no change in the general attitude towards LGBT. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that LGBT education using simulation may be effective for nursing students and nurses from the point of concern for LGBT population. It is hypothesized that future LGBT educational programs might need more detailed information from both care recipients and nurses. Finally, LGBT education needs to be included in the nursing education curriculum.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

Unmet healthcare is an important indicator to measure accessibility of healthcare services. To examine the latest status of unmet healthcare needs in South Korea, the four different data which is composed of nationally representative sample of South Korean population were used; the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNAHANES, 2007-2019), the Community Health Survey (CHS, 2008-2019), the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, 2011-2017), and the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS, 2006-2019). The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were 5.8% (KNHANES), 5.3% (CHS), and 11.6% (KHP). Annual percentage change (APC) which identifies trend for the follow-up period was -9.5%, -8.0%, and -6.5%, respectively. The proportion of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs due to cost were 1.1% (KNAHANES), 0.7% (CHS), 2.4% (KHP), and 0.4% (KOWEPS). The APC was -10.5%, -14.2%, -12.2%, and -19.6%, respectively. Compared to last year, the rate of unmet healthcare needs has declined in general. However, the low-income and the elderly population were reporting the highest rate of unmet health care needs, and the disparity between lowest and highest groups were remained. These results suggest that adequate benefit coverage is needed for low-income and elderly population.