• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2015

From study of antifungal actions on the rice sheath blight by using the extract of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats, we found that the extracts of Ginkgo biloba outer seedcoats of all treatment concentrations had inhibited the rice sheath blight. Among them, the most effective concentration was 250 mg/l at which the growth of microbe was 26 mm and even at the packaging test, when sprayed the G. biloba outer seedcoats at the level of 250 mg/l, the damage rate of the rice sheath blight was identified as 13%. As a result investigating the antifungal activity by separating polysaccharides from G. biloba outer seedcoats, it showed that the clear zone of 14 mm or more was formed at the concentration of 250 mg/l or higher. Based on these results, we concluded that the G. biloba outer seedcoat is a natural substance with the antifungal activity on the rice sheath blight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.125-125
• /
• 1998

Glycyrrhizin (18$\beta$-glycyrrhetic acid $\beta$-D-glucuronyl a-D-glucuronic acid, GL), a main component of liquore extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra), is ingested orally as a component in the oriental medicine. By human intestinal bacteria, glycyrrhizin (18$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid $\beta$-D-glucuronyl a-D-glucuronic acid, GL) was metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid (GA): main pathway metabolizing GL to GA by glucuronidases of Bacteroides J-37 (Kim et al., 1997) and Eubacterium sp strain GLH (Akao et al., 1987) and minor pathway metabolizing GL to GA via 18$\beta$-glycyrrhetic acid D-glucuronic acid (GAMG) by $\beta$-glucuronidase of Streptococcus LJ-22 and glucuronidases of Bacteroides J-37 / E. coli. $\beta$-Glucuronidase from Streptococcus LJ-22 hydrolyzed GL to GAMG, not GA. $\beta$-Glucuronidase of Streptococcus LJ-22 hydrolyzed $\beta$-glucuronic acid conjugates of polysaccharides rather than aglycone-$\beta$-glucuronides Optimal pH of Streptococcus LJ-22 $\beta$-glucuronidase was 5-6 and its molecular weight was 250 kDaltons. Km for GL was 0.37mM.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.132-139
• /
• 1998

Currently, cancer is the primary cause of death and 50% of cancer patients are incurable by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, immunotherpy is interested as the fourth remedy. Biological response modifier (BRM), such as organometallic compounds, glycoproteins, polysaccharides and other natural products. Is the one which can enhance the immune response against cancer cell. To develop new BRM from natural sources, we investigated 63 species Korean traditional medicines by observing the mitogenic activity to splenocytes, generation of activated killer cells and activation of macrophages. Finally, we selected 9 species including Angelicae gigantis Radix, Mori Cortex Radicis, Arisaematis Tuber, Salviae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Ligusti Fructus, Pasoraliae Semen, Loranthi Ramulus, Ginseng Radix. Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification is undergoing.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.178-182
• /
• 2008

In order to increase the mycelial production of Phellinus linteus, which exhibits potent anticancer activity, some ingredients of the medium used to culture P. linteus were investigated. The optimal medium composition for the production of Phellinus linteus was determined to be as follows: fructose, 40 g/l; yeast extract, 20 g/l; $K_2HPO_4$, 0.46 g/l; $K_2HPO_4$, 1.00 g/l; M$MgSO_4\cdot7H_2SO$, 0.50 g/l; $FeCl_2\cdot6_2O$, 0.01 g/l; $MnCl_2\cdot4H_2O$, 0.036 g/l; $ZnCl_2$, 0.03 g/l; and $SuSO_4\cdot7H_2O$, 0.005 g/l. The optimal culture conditions were determined to be as follows: temperature, 28$^{\circ}C$; initial pH, 5.5; aeration, 0.6 vvm; and agitation, 100 rpm, respectively. Under optimal composition and conditions, the maximum mycelial biomass achieved in a 5 l jar fermentor was 29.9 g/l.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.423-428
• /
• 1998

The effective extraction methods and chemical components of crude polysaccharides of ascidian tunics were investigated. Tow extraction conditions, autoclaving or enzyme treatment, were applied. The proximate composition of ascidian tunics was not much different between those dried in raw (containing pigments) and those acetone treated and dried (decolorized), showing $50\%$ of carbohydrate and $40\%$ of protein. It was possible to extract up to $10\%$ of crude polysaccharides from ascidian tunics regardless of the extraction methods, autoclaving or enzyme treatment. In case of the latter the extraction yield by neutrase was higher than that with alkalase (Novo co.) or mixture 2000 (Pacific chemical co.). The most effective enzyme concentration and extraction time appeared to be 24 hrs of extraction with $3\%$ neutrase. On the other hand, in autoclave treatment, 6 hrs extraction showed most desirable extraction yield, about $9.7\%$. The compositions of amino acid of decolorized ascidian tunic (acetone treated group) and the crude polysaccharide from the autoclaving (water solubles) or neutrase treatment (enzyme digestibles) were similar to each other. Histidine was the highest both in the neutrase and autoclave treatment group and the yield were $29.2\%,\;20.4\%$, respectively, followed by aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Among the minerals, the content of Ca was significantly high, followed by Mg and Na.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.6 s.93
• /
• pp.373-377
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to develop functional drink from jujube extract through a simple submerged culture of three basidiomycetes species. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Ganoderma lucidum appeared to be 5 Brix and pH 4. Ten days of culture period produced maximum mycelium. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Coriolus versicolor appeared to be 5 Brix and pH 5. Ten days of culture period produced maximum mycelium. The optimum Brix and pH of the jujube extract for culturing the Phellinus igniarius appeared to be 3 Brix and pH 5. For the maximum mycelial production eighteen days of culture period was required for Phellinus igniarius. The antitumor activity of the polysaccharides extracted from the fermented drinks was demonstrated through the tumor cell line experiments. The $IC_{50}$ values of the jujube drinks fermented with Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius against stomach cancer cell line appeared to be one fourth that of the jujube drink which was not fermented with basidiomycetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.1-3
• /
• 2000

A kind of traditional herbal prescription, Sip-Jeon-Dae-Bo-Tang (TJ-48), has been reported to improve the general condition of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and /or radiation therapy, and to accelerate hematopoietic recovery from bone marrow injury by mitomycin C. In the present studies, we found that hot-water extract from Atractylodes lancea DC. rhizomes contributed mainly to intestinal immune modulating activity of TJ-48 on Peyer's patch cells mediated-hematopoietic response. After the fractionation, ALR-5 II a-1-1, 5 II b-2-2 and 5 II c-3-1 were further purified from crude polysaccharide fraction. Chemical analyses of each fraction indicated that ALR-5 II a-1-1 mainly contained arabinogalactan fraction whereas ALR-5 II b-2-2 and 5 II c-3-1 mostly comprised pectic polysaccharide fractions as the active polysaccharide ingredients. In order to analyze the essential structure of the activity, ALR-5 II a-1-1 was treated by sequential enzymatic digestion using exo-${\alpha}$-L-arabinofuranosidase and exo-${\beta}$-D-(1\longrightarrow3)-galactanase. Based upon the results of chemical and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses and activity on the digested fractions, the galactosyl side chains consisting of 6-linked Galf and Galp over tetrasaccharide in ALR-5 II a-1-1 might be responsible for the potent intestinal immune modulating activity. To characterize moiety of ALR-5 II c-3-1 for the expression of activity, endo-${\alpha}$-D-(1\longrightarrow4)-polygal acturonase (GL-PGase) purified from dried leaves of Panax ginseng digested ALR-5 II c-3-1. The results of structural analyses and activity on the digested fractions showed that PG-2, which structurally resembles to rhamnogalacturonan II (RG II), and PG-3 (galacturono-oligosaccharides) contained potent intestinal immune modulating activity. Further purification of the other acidic fraction (ALR-5 II b-2-2) indicated that ALR-5 II b-2-2Bb showed that the most potent activity. ALR-5 II b-2-2Bb also contained the unusual component sugars characteristics in RG- II as well as PG-2 derived from ALR-5 II c-3-1, but it could not be digested with GL-PGase. The present studies of relationship between structures and intestinal immune modulating activity of the active polysaccharides purified from A. lancea DC. rhizomes suggested that neutral galactosyl chains consisting mainly of (1\longrightarrow6)-linked Galf and Galp, and RG- II -like moiety with unique component sugars, such as 2-Me-Xyl, 2-Me-Fuc, Api, AceA, Kdo and Dha should play an important role in the potent intestinal immune modulating action of A. lancea DC. rhizomes.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 1984

Some factors affecting mycelial growth of Pleurotus sajor-caju and P. ostreatus. were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH of the medium for mycelial growth of both the species were $25^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$, and 5 to 6, respectively. The effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on mycelial growth of the species was studied using modified Waksman's special medium as the basal medium. Generally, the disaccharides and polysaccharides showed good effect for mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju, and the polysaccharides were superior to the other classes of carbon sources for mycelial growth of P. ostreatus. Generally the organic nitrogen compounds showed good mycelial growth of both the species. The mycelial growth of the species were favored by the ammonium nitrogen more than by the nitrate nitrogen source. Asparagine was superior to the other kinds of amino acid. Six percentage of glucose and 0.6% ammonium tartarate was optimum for mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju whereas the optimum concentration for the P. ostreatut was 4% glucose and 0.4% ammonium tatarate.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated the effect of bioprocessed polysaccharides (BPPs) from liquid culture of Lentinus edodes fungal mycelia containing rice bran (BPP-RB) on a chicken-derived macrophage cell line, HD-11, when infected with Salmonella Gallinarum, an etiological agent of fowl typhoid. Experimental results demonstrated water extract of BPP-RB did not show growth inhibitory effects on S. Gallinarum 277. Protein expression profiles were also not altered by its treatment. Nonetheless, it could (i) enhance phagocytic activity of HD-11 cells, (ii) activate transcriptional expression of Th1-type cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, iNOS, as well as an immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, and (iii) negatively regulate Th2-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-6. Together results suggest that BPP-RB may be applicable for preventing fowl typhoid or other Salmonella infections in poultry farms as a potential feed additive.