• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2023

Yeast extract is a product prepared mainly from waste brewer's yeast, which is rich in nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, sugars and a variety of trace elements, and has the advantages of low production cost and abundant supply of raw material. Consequently, yeast extracts are widely used in various fields as animal feed additives, food flavoring agents and additives, cosmetic supplements, and microbial fermentation media; however, their full potential has not yet been realized. To improve understanding of current research knowledge, this review summarizes the ingredients, production technology, and applications of yeast extracts, and discusses the relationship between their properties and applications. Developmental trends and future prospects of yeast extract are also previewed, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development and expansion of future applications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Passion fruit fiber pectin gels represent a new alternative pectin source with potential for food and non-food applications on a commercial scale. Pectic polysaccharides were extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) fiber using citric acid as a clean catalyst and autoclaved for 20 to 60 min at $121^{\circ}C$. The best condition of pectin yield with the highest molecular weight was obtained with 1.0% of citric acid (250 mg/g dry passion fruit fiber pectin) for 20 min of autoclaving. Spectroscopic analyses by Fourier transform infrared, enzymatic degradation reactions, and ion-exchange chromatography assays showed that passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was homogeneous high methoxylated pectin (70%). Gel permeation analysis confirmed that the pectin extract obtained by autoclaving by 20 min showed higher molecular weights than those autoclaved for 40 and 60 min. Passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was enzymatically modified with fungal pectinmethylesterase to create restructured gels. Short autoclave treatment (20 min) with citric acid as extractant resulted in a significant increase of gel strength, improving pectin extraction in terms of functionality. The treatment of solubilized material (pectic polysaccharides) in the presence of insoluble material (cellulose and hemicellulose) with pectinmethylesterase and calcium led to the creation of a stiffer passion fruit fiber pectin gel, while syneresis was not observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2012

During two years, four samples per year were collected in Vietnam from rice bran, cassava residue, brewer's grain, tofu residue, soybean meal, coconut cake, sweet potato vines and water spinach for chemical analysis and assessment of water holding capacity (WHC). The selected feedstuffs represent fibre-rich plant sources and agro-industry co-products commonly used in pig feeding in Vietnam. The content (g/kg DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) varied between feedstuffs and ranged from 21 to 506 for CP, from 14 to 118 for EE and from 197 to 572 for NSP. Cassava residue had a high starch content of 563 g/kg DM, while sweet potato vines, water spinach, coconut cake and soybean meal had a high content of sugars (63-71 g/kg DM). The content of individual neutral sugars varied between feed ingredients, with the highest content of arabinose, galactose and glucose in tofu residue, the highest content of xylose in brewer's grain and the highest content of mannose in coconut cake. The content of uronic acid was high for cassava residue, tofu residue, sweet potato vines and water spinach (57-88 g/kg DM). The content of soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides (S-NCP) was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.82) to the WHC. The content (g/kg DM) of CP, NDF, neutral sugars, total NSP, total NCP, S-NCP and total dietary fibre in tofu residue, water spinach and coconut cake varied (p<0.05) between years. In conclusion, diet formulation to pigs can be improved if the variation in chemical composition of the fibre fraction and in WHC between potential feed ingredients is taken into account.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.162-174
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• 1988

구름버섯 배양균사체와 야생 구름버섯 자실체로부터 얻은 protein-bound polysaccharide의 당과 단백질 함량을 비교하였을 때 배양균사체인 경우보다 야생 자실체의 경우가 당 함량이 더 높게 나타났으며 단백질 함량은 더 적게 나타났다. 구름버섯에서 부터 얻은 시료를 methanolysis시킨 후 HPLC로 분석하였을 때 배양균사체인 경우 4종류의 단당이 경출되었고 그중 mannose가 가장 함량이 많은 반면 야생 자실체인 경우 3종류의 단당이 경출되었으며 그중 glucose가 가장 많이 존재하였다. 구름버섯에서부터 얻은 시료에 lactose가 혼합되었을 경우 HPLC로 구별할 수 있었다. 구름버섯에서 얻은 시료의 구성 아미노산을 분석하였을 때 시료 모두에서동일한 17종의 아미노산이 검출되었다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.223-223
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• 1996

Effects of Panax ginseng were tested on morphine-and steroids-induced immunosuppression, focusing on mechanism and identification of active components. To investigate overall effects of morphine and ginseng total saponin (GTS) on immune system, body weight and lymphoid organ weight were measured. Morphine significantly reduced body weight, spleen/body weight, and thymus/body weight ratio. GTS, at 100mg/kg (oral), restored spleen/body weight ratio. Because morphine is known to increase corticosterone level, serum corticosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum corticosterone was increased by morphine and it was restored to the control level by GTS 100mg/kg (oral). In vitro proliferation studies were also conducted to study the effects of ginseng on steroids-induced immunosuppression. While ginsenoside Rg$_1$ and ginseng alkaloids were effective on proliferation and dexamethasone-induced death of thymocytes, 50% ginseng ethanol extract and polysaccharides were effective on splenocytes. In vivo mprohine-induced apoptosis of thymus was partly protected by GTS.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2017

Mushrooms and their extracts including purified ingredients, are currently used as foods, functional foods (and/or nutraceuticals), and medicines. These products have numerous bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides (mainly ${\beta}$-glucans), glycoproteins, nucleotide analogs, terpenoids, and polyphenols, which have exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. In this review, we discuss the current information on the biactivities of 10 popular mushrooms in Korea. We also summarize the information on mushrooms and the active compounds derived from them, as well as mushroom-based products such as foods, functional foods, and medicines. We believe this review could provide useful information for scientists and consumers who seek to develop new products and promote healthy food habits and lifestyle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.174-181
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• 1993

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of high supplementary diet of vitamins, minerals, and polysaccharides on enhancing immunity and preventing from cancer in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(hepatoma). Dietary therapy for patients was performed with dried yeast, wheat germ. Gonoderma extract, and vegetable juice. The vegetable juice was made of fresh green edible vegetables. Ten patients of total 30 patients were considered as improved state in tumor sizes, AFP, or symptoms. Most of patients complained of weight loss, fatigue, indigestion, anorexia before dietary therapy, but most of symptoms disappeared after dietary therapy. There was no significant side effects because of dietary therapy except for occasional slight diarrhea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.289-292
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• 2010

This study used a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method to efficiently extract DNA from the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora sojina. Total DNA yield obtained by this method was approximately 1 mg/g of mycelia (fresh weight), and the mean ratio of A260/A280 and A260/A230 were 2.04 and 2.1, respectively. The results of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, digestion with restriction enzymes, and Southern hybridization indicated that polysaccharides were effectively removed by this method, and the resulting DNA was sufficient for use in subsequent molecular analysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1979

The carpophores of three Korean mushrooms, Coriolus versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Lentinus edodes were respectively extracted with hot water and the extract were dialyzed through Visking tube. They were found to contain an antinumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein by color reactions including anthrone and Lowry-Folin tests. The hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with 3% HCI-MeOH and trimethylsilylation yielded four monosaccharides : glucose, mannose, galactose and xylose which were identified by G. L. C. After hydrolysis of protein with 6N HCL, fourteen to seventeen amino acids including aspartic and glutamic acids were detected by an amino acid analyzer.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.490-498
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• 1993

To find antitumor components in the hot water extract from the basidiocarps of Hypsizigus mamomus. protein-bound polysaccharides were purified and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally into ICR mice. fraction IV of the component showed the highest inhibition ratio of 73.8% against the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in mice to 3.2 times. when IV was about 30 KD and the fraction was composed of 76.1% polysaccharide and 4.9% protein. The hexosamine was detected in all the fractions, showing that the polysaccharide and protein moieties were bound each other.