• 대한화학회지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

Shiranuhi is a fruit of Citrus species widely cultivated in Jeju Island, Korea. From an extract of Shiranuhi tree branches were identified five polymethoxyflavones possessing anti-inflammatory effects; nobiletin (1), sinensetin (2), tetramethylscutellarein (3), 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5-desmethylsinensetin (5). Evaluation of the activities was conducted by monitoring the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) as well as the levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Among the isolates, the compound 4 exhibited the most significant NO inhibition, and suppressed the levels of iNOS and related cytokines. Therefore, it was suggested that the extract and constituents from Shiranuhi tree branches could be useful as anti-inflammatory ingredient.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2014

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a group of polymethoxylated bioactive flavones with diverse biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. PMFs are found from various plants such as orange, tangerine, and krachaidum. To establish the simple quantitative analytical methods for PMFs, chromatographic analysis was applied to the selected krachaidum foods because krachaidum contains diverse PMFs compared to other PMF-containing foods. Krachaidum is the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora, and many commercial krachaidum products, such as tea, juice and wine, are commercially available and consumed as health functional foods in Asian countries. Apart from the claimed health promoting benefits, reliable quality assurance and legal guideline for the registration of these products are not available yet. Twelve PMFs were analyzed from the commercial krachaidum foods by GC-FID and HPLC-DAD. No single chromatographic method could not analyze 12 PMFs simultaneously. HPLC-DAD method was found more sensitive to detect PMFs. Based on our analysis data, we proposed 5,7-dimethoxyflaone and 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone as index components for the food products.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6369-6374
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• 2012

Vitexicarpin (3', 5-dihydroxy-3, 4', 6, 7-tetramethoxyflavone), a polymethoxyflavone isolated from Viticis Fructus (Vitex rotundifolia Linne fil.), has long been used as an anti-inflammatory herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It has also been reported that vitexicarpin can inhibit the growth of various cancer cells. However, there is no report elucidating its effect on human prostate carcinoma cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the apoptotic induction activity of vitexicarpin on PC-3 cells and molecular mechanisms involved. MTT studies showed that vitexicarpin dose-dependently inhibited growth of PC-3 cells with an $IC_{50}{\sim}28.8{\mu}M$. Hoechst 33258 staining further revealed that vitexicarpin induced apoptotic cell death. The effect of vitexicarpin on PC-3 cells apoptosis was tested using prodium iodide (PI)/Annexin V-FITC double staining and flow cytometry. The results indicated that vitexicarpin induction of apoptotic cell death in PC-3 cells was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that vitexicarpin induction of PC-3 cell apoptosis was associated with upregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, and downregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings suggested that vitexicarpin may become a potential leading drug in the therapy of prostate carcinoma.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

The application of 112 samples of Citrus fruit peel, which is commonly cultivated in Korea as crude drug, has been limited due to the absence of criteria concerning chemical constituents and application of itself. In the context, this study is on the analysis of 11 flavonoid compounds. As a result, the flavonoid pattern could be classified into 5 groups. Furthermore, by utilizing this HPLC data, this study could provide a basis for fruit peel applications of not only Citrus unshiu, but also its cultivars, hybrids and some of Citrus plants which has been cultivated in Jeju Island for a long time. Moondan could be used for the same purposes as Chinese Huajuhong, and Poncirus trifoliata of Korean Jisil origin are effective enough, in terms of ingredients and function, compared with C. aurantium. Based on the content and composition of the PMF region in this study, C. unshiu and C. reticulata, as Tanaka System shows, should be considered as different hortcultural speicies. Also, Jikak, which is known as 'sour orange' until now, is confirmed as Chosen-daidai, C. tenuissima, that was reported by Tanaka in 1970, and this C. tenuissima could be used for the same purposes as sour orange.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고혈당으로 인해 유발되는 당뇨병성 신장병증의 대표적인 증상인 사구체 경화증을 완화시키는 nobiletin의 효능에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 신장 세포인 HRMC를 이용하여 고혈당에서의 세포외 기질 축적 단백질의 발현과 경화에 관여하는 신호 전달 억제 효능을 확인한 결과 nobiletin은 고혈당의 자극에 의해 증가하는 섬유화 단백질인 collagen IV, fibronectin 그리고 CTGF의 발현을 억제하였으며, 여기에 관여하는 TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 신호 전달 경로를 통해 사구체 경화증을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 nobiletin은 고혈당으로 유도된 당뇨병성 신장병증에 있어 사구체 경화증을 예방하는 기능성 성분으로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1012-1017
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• 2016

오렌지 생과 및 가공용으로 주로 사용되는 주요 5가지 오렌지 품종의 과피 및 착즙을 하고 난 부산물의 플라보노이드 성분과 유리 라디칼 소거활성을 성숙시기별로 분석하여 오렌지 부산물의 천연물 유래 기능성 소재로써의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 성숙시기에 따른 총 플라보노이드 함량은 모든 시료에서 성숙이 진행된 과일 보다 미성숙 상태의 과일인 9월에 수확한 과일에 함량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 성숙이 진행될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 품종간에는 과피 추출물의 경우 Hamlin(21.66 mg/g) > Sanguinello blood(20.39 mg/g) > Shamouti(18.49 mg/g), Tarocco blood(18.46 mg/g) > Olinda valencia(17.07 mg/g) 순으로 조사되었다. 플라보노이드 성분 변화에서는 모든 시료에 narirutin과 hesperidind의 함량이 높았으며, naringin과 neohesperidin은 검출되지 않았다. PMF 성분 중에는 9월에 수확한 미성숙과의 과피 추출물에 nobiletin이 $23{\sim}40{\mu}g/mL$ 함유되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 유리 라디칼 소거활성에서는 모든 품종에서 과피 추출물이 과육 추출물에 비해 우수하였고, 과피 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 40~58%, ABTS 라디칼 소거활성에서는 90~94%의 소거능을 보였다.