• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2016

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, found in the many environments. PCBs exerts various toxicological effects, including endocrine-disrupting activity. Most researches with these toxicants performed with soil matrix with mixtures of congeners, namely Aroclor, while the biological activities have been tested with animals. However, studies with pure congeners are limited. In this study, 5 congeners were synthesized and their fates (bioaccumulation, degradation, kinetics) were studied in carrot-soil system. The soil half-lives of biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, PCB-77, and PCB-126 were 20.2, 16.0, 11.6, 46.5, 198.0 days, respectively. In general, the longer half-lives were observed with the higher hydrophoicity of PCBs. Times, required for maxium accumulation of PCBs in carrot (Tmax) were 10-20 days for most congeners and the concentrations were 0.4-2.6 mg/kg. The concentrations of PCBs in carrot were kept as constant after Tmax, except PCB-126. The concentration ratio between carrot and soil after 90 days of treatment were 1.7, 8.1, 1.9, 1.8, and 5.9 for biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, PCB-77, and PCB-126. Because of the increase of biomass, the total residual amount of PCBs in carrots however, increased till the end of experiment. The portions of PCB-126 in carrot were 1.1% of the soil residues at 90 days after planting.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)의 생물학적 처리가 시도되고 있으며, PCBs를 분해할 수 있는 미생물을 이용할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폐기된 절연유의 생물학적 처리를 위하여 PCBs를 분해하는 균을 분해하였으며, 분해된 균을 이용하여 절연유 내의 Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) 분해를 회분식 실험에서 연구하였다. 대구의 신천으로부터 유일한 탄소원으로 Biphenyl을 포함하고 있는 고체배지에서 PCBs를 분해할 수 있는 Pseudomonas sp. P2 균주를 분해하였다. PCBs의 용해도를 높이기 위해 사용된 유화제 alkyl aryl ethoxylated phosphate가 200 mg/L에서는 Pseudomonas sp. P2 균주의 성장에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 1000 mg/L의 Biphenyl과 PCBs에 Pseudomonas sp. P2를 접종하여 160시간 배양후에 Biphenyl과 PCBs의 분해가 각각 97.5%, 58.0%였다. Biphenyl 1000 mg/L에서 최대성장율($\mu_{max}$)은 0.34 $day^{-1}$, 0.26 였다. 따라서 염소가 결합되지 않은 Biphenyl는 염소가 결합된 PCBs보다 분해가 빠르게 진행되었다. 또한 Pseudomonas sp. P2는 Biphenyl과 PCBs의 분해로 부터 유도된 황색의 분해대사산물을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 Pseudomonas sp. P2 균주가 절연유 내의 PCBs를 분해할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

As of many organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls are ubiquitous organic contaminants, which can be found in the most environmental matrices. Their toxic effects include endocrinedisrupting activity. Most researches with these toxicants performed with mixtures of congeners, namely Aroclor and related study has been done in complex environmental matrix, rather than single biosystems or pure congeners. 5 congeners were synthesized and their fates in pure microbial culture (Aspergillus niger) were determined in this study. Among biphenyl and synthetic congeners, biphenyl, PCB-1 (2-chlorobiphenyl), and PCB-3 (4-chlorobiphenyl) were rapidly transformed to hydrophilic metabolites, followed by PCB-38 (3,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl), while the degradation of PCB-126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) was not observed. The amounts of transformation for biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, and PCB-38 were 65, 38, 52, and 2% respectively. The major metabolites of the above congeners were identified as mono- and di-hydroxy biphenyls, which are known to give adverse endocrinological effects.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2008

Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl (OH-PCBs)는 PCB의 CYP-dependent oxidation의 대사물로서 잠재적 독성이 강하고 지질친화성을 가지며 생물군에 지속적인 축적성을 나타낸다. OH-PCBs의 해독화 효능을 조사하기 위하여 channel catfish 간에서 glucuronidation을 통한 해독작용 가능성을 평가하고 biphenyl 구조에 다양한 염소치환의 구조적 차이점에 따른 영향을 비교 분석하여 보았다. Kinetic parameters에서 $K_m$과 $V_{max}$는 $192{\sim}871{\mu}M$, $869{\sim}1774$ pmo1/min/mg으로써 4'-OH-PCB35와 4'-OH-PCB69이 가장 높은 속도의 glucuronidation을 나타냈으며, 구조적 차이점에서 phenolic group에 한 개의 염소치환이 존재할 경우보다 두 개의 염소치환이 존재할 경우에 OH-PCBs(p<0.001)의 glucuronidation에 대한 $V_{max}$를 현저하게 낮추는 결과를 보였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 1986

The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), phenol and biphenyl on the body, liver and kidney weights, and the activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), and the contents of microsomal cytochrome P-450, and hematocrit, TBAvalue. PCB (200 mg/kg), phenol (200 mg/kg), biphenyl (200 mg/kg), and biphenyl (100 mg/kg) added phenol (100 mg/kg) was treated orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 days. In all treated groups, the body weights were decreased, while the weights of liver and kidney were increased in comparison with that of control group. The activity of $\delta$-ALAD was increased and hematocrit was decreased in PCB treated group, on the contrary biphenyl treated group was appeared opposite direction. The contents of microsomal cytochrome P-450 and concentration of protein were increased in all treated group. In biphenyl treated group and phenol treated group, TBA value was increased in both groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.463-468
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• 2003

Polychlorinated biphenyl are toxic pollutants and their degradation is quite slow in the environment. Recently, interest if bioremediation using PCB-degrading bacteria has increaset,. In a previous report, plant terpenes (p-cymene, (S)-(-)-limonene, ${\alpha}-pynene$, and ${\alpha}-terpinene$) have been found to be utilized by a PCB degrader and to induce the biphenyl dioxygenase gene in pure culture. In this study, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707, a PCB-degrading Gram-negative soil bacterium, was used to determine whether the terpene stimulation of PCB degrader occurred in the natural environment. First, P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 was genetically tagged using a transposon with gfp (green fluorescent protein) as a reporter gone. The population dynamics of P. pseudoalcaligenes KF707 harboring gfp gene in a PCB-contaminated environment was examined with or without terpenoids added to the microcosm. About 10-100-fold increase was found in the population of PCB degraders when terpene was added, compared with control (non-terpenes samples and biphenyl added samples). It was proposed that the gfp-monitoring system is very useful and terpenes enhance the survivability of PCB degraders in PCB-contaminated environments.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2006

Bacterium capable of using biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from soil, and based on the results of 16S rDNA sequence, strain BK10 identified as a Sphingobium yanoiktiyae. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $NH_4NO_3$ 1g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.5g, $CaCO_3$ 0.2 g per 1 liter of distilled water. The Sphingobium yanoikuyae BK10 strain was completely utilized biphenyl in mineral salt media containing biphenyl at concentration 500 $\mu$g/ml of biphenyl as a sole carbon and energy source within 48 hours. Optimumal pH and temperature for biphenyl degradation and cell growth of strains were 6.0$\sim$8.0 and 20$\sim$50$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Especially, at 30$^{\circ}C$, cell-growth were higher than other temperature. Cell grown on biphenyl has been shown to have a higher removal rate for biphenyl than grown on sucrose. This study shows that Sphingobium yanoikuyae BK10 strain had a high biodegradation capability of biphenyl and can be simulate a candidate compounds the bioremediation of PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyl) contaminant soil and water.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.39-51
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• 1988

Effects of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and perilla oil on the toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in male rat were studied. Rats were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks with the animal diet which contains PCB 30 ppm and 100 ppm. Perilla oil (0.5 g/kg body weight) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (30 mg/kg body weight) were administered intraperitoneally twice a week for 6 weeks. Rats fed with PCB showed enlargement of liver and spleen, increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, sereum lipid and cytochrome P 450 and decrease in body weight and glutathione. When perilla oil was administered to rats fed with PCB increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum lipid and cytochrome P45O and decrease in body weight and glutathione were significantly augmented, compared to rats fed with PCB alone. This means that perilla oil potentiates the toxicity of PCB. On the other hand when ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was administered to rats fed with PCB increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum lipid and cytochrome P45O and decrease in body weight and glutathione were signigicantly reduced, compared to rats fed with PCB alone. This means that u-tocopherol reduces the toxicity of PCB. From the above results, it may be concluded that PCB is metabolized by microsomal mixed function oxidase and the metabolite causes the toxicity and microsomal glutathione plays a role of protection on the toxicity of PCB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2002

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and many of their toxic effects, including their immunotoxicities, are mediated by the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We previously reported that Aroclor 1254, one of the most widely used PCB mixtures, increased DNA fragmentation in mouse spleen cells, suggesting that apoptosis was correlated with the immunotoxicity of PCB (Yoo et al., 1997).(omitted)

• Bioindustry News
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 1998