• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.445-452
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• 1997

A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography for analysis of Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine in urine is described. The benzoyl chloride derivatives of Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine are separated on a ${\mu}$ Bondapak $C_{18}$ reverse-phase column with methanol/$H_2O$(50/50v/v) as the mobile phase. The results show that the mean level of polyamines in uterine cancer patients urine is much higher than in normal human urine.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

The effects of polyamines on the activities of elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, and tRNA were investigated. The activities of EF-1 and EF-2 were mostly stimulated by spermidine among three kinds of polyamines. The activities of EF-1 and EF-2 were investigated in the presence of spermidine by 230 and 181%, respectively. The activity of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was slightly increased in the presence of polyamines. The effect of spermine on the synthetase was higher than that of the other polyamines. The tRNA activity in the presence fo polyamines was increased by 206% with spermidine, by 144% with spermine, and by 114% with putrescine. According to these results, it is concluded that polyamines in higher plants stimulate the protein biosynthesis by promoting the activities of elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and tRNAs, but the effects of polyamines on the various components for protein biosynthesis are different in according to the kind of polyamines.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-284
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• 1986

Effects of putrescine, spermidine and spermine on the activity of D-glucose-6-phosphate cyclohydrolase in the Daucus carota L. protoplast cultured for 4 days and effects of polyamines on the incorporation of D-[u-14C]-glucose treated to protoplasts in culture-medium were investigated. The activity of D-glucose-6-phosphate cyclohydrolase was increased by polyamines and among them spermine was the most effective. Polyamiens increased protein synthesis and this due to the increasing effect of the polyamines on the synthesis of glycoprotein which is one of cell wall components. The synthesis of cell polysaccharides, such sa pectic substances, hemicelluloses and cellulose was increased by polyamines, which stimulated synthesis of pectin substances, and hemicellulose more greatly than that of cellulose, and spermidine was the most effective. In the light of the above results it seems that the polyamines increase cell wall regeneration by the stimulation of enzyme activities which synthesize cell wall components.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 1986

The present study was attempted to investigate the effects of polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine on protein content and DNase activity in vivo and in vitro in carrot embryos. It was also investigated whether polyamines could replace role of cations required for DNase activity in vitro. The results obtained are as follows. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine increased protein content, although response to spermine reached plateau at the concentration of 0.1 mM. DNase activity was inhibited by polyamines, the inhibition being concentration-dependent and the highest att he concentration of 10 mM. The inhibition of DNase activity was the most prominent with spermine. Similar inhibitory effect to polyamines which was concentration-dependent was found in DNase activity but no change was shown on time-course in vitro. Putrescine and spermidine enhanced the DNase activity at low Mg2+ and Mn2+ concentrations, suggesting that the role of Mg2+ and Mn2+ for DNase activity could be, in part, replaced by these polyamines. These results, therefore, suggest that plyamines can modulate DNase activity through binding to DNA rather than direct effect on DNase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2003

Transgenic tobacco plants were selected by using the transformation of putrescine N-methyltransferase(PMT) gene, the key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine. PMT was fused in reverse orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter of the plant expression vector pBTEX(pPAB3) to produce tobacco plants of low nicotine content. To compare nicotine content, only pBTEX vector and PMT gene which was fused in forward orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter(pPAB2) were also transformed to the leaf tobacco plants(Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC82 and N. tabacum cv. Br2l). The presence of sense- and antisense-PMT gene, and pBTEX vector in the transgenic plant was confirmed by genomic PCR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.415-419
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• 1995

Ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) catalyzes the first and key step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Ornithine decarboxylase is known to the enzyme that increase substantially its activity in regenerating liver. We found that activity and mRNA level for ODC increase significantly after partial hepatectomy in the rat. After laparotomy, there was significant decrease in activity ; however, mRNA content was unaltered in contrast to previous reports of no change in ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase after sham hepatectomy. This may be mediated by the decrease in food intake after hepatectomy. Therefore it is necessary to examine the effect of food intake after hepatectomy on the ODC activity and mRNA level in the future.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1986

An experimental system for the possibility of association between cultured plant cells and a cyanobacterium (N. muscorum) was investigated. The association was established in nitrogen-free medium, and nitrogen source was provided by N. muscorum through its own nitrogen fixation. N. muscorum was distributed on the outer part and intercellular spaces of the cultured plant cells. Polyamines were treated to the nitrogen-free medium to improve the association. Polyamines increased nitrogenase activity and protein amount in the association between N. muscorum and the cultured plant cells, as compared to the association without polyamines. Especially, spermine showed an increasing effect on the nitrogenase activity and the protein content in the association of tobacco and N. muscorum, while spermidine showed similar effect in case of soybean and N. muscorum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.51-51
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• 1999

Polyamines are polyvalent cations which are ubiquitously present in pro- and eukaryotic cells. In the present study we investigated the action mechanism of spermine$\^$＋4/ (C$\sub$10/), a natural polyamine, on the large-conductance Ca$\^$2＋/-activated K (maxi-K) channel using excised patches from the human gastric smooth muscle.(omitted)

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.296-301
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• 1987

Polyamines of Korean red ginseng were extracted with 5% trichloroacetic acid and purified by ion exchange chromatography using Dowex-50Wx8 resin. Four spots having R$_f$ values of 0.19, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.45 were detected. It was observed under microscopy that those polyamines stimulated the growth and differentiation of chicken embryonic muscle cell. The development of muscle cells from the stage of myoblast to that of myotube was found to be enhanced by those polyamines. It was also observed that those polyamines most likely lengthened, the life-span of the cultured chicken embryonic skeletal muscle cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 1984

Palmitoyl CoA was found to inhibit corn embryo axis glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which were also inhibites by polyamines. However, reversal of inhibition of both enzymes by palmitoyl CoA was made by spermine. Activity of corn embryo axis protein kinase was found to increase steadily after germination. Activation and inhibition of protein kinase were made by MgCl$_2$and all polymines, respectively. Suc results suggest that fatty acid biosynthesis and lypolysis could be regulated to some extent by polyamines in corn embryo axis.