• 물과 미래
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.85-95
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• 1993

본 연구의 목적은 도시소유역에서의 부족한 유량 및 NPS 오염물 자료의 확충과 이를 통한 유출과 NPS 오염물 배출 간의 상관관계의 분석 및 월, 년 NPS 부하량 산정에 의한 물질수지의 분석에 있다. 본 연구를 위한 자료의 확충을 위해서 미국 EPA의 SWMM 모형을 사용하였으며, 상관관계의 분석 및 물질수지의 분석은 NPS 오염에 가장 영향이 큰 선행괘천기간을 긴 경우(CASE 1.)와 짧은 경우(CASE 2.)로 분리하여 수행하였으며, 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 사상별 시간자료의 분석 : CASE 1.과 CASE 2. 모두, 유량과 농도간의 상관관계 보다는 유량과 부하량간의 상관관계가 좋았으며, 선형 상관관계보다는 비선형 상관관계가 좋았다. 결과적으로 두 CASE 모두 비유량-비부하율 관계는 비선형 산관관계가 가장 좋았다. 2) 사상별 총량자료의 분석 : CASE 1.은 비누적유량-비누적부하량의 선형상관관계가 CASE 2.는 비선형 상관관계가 좋았다. 3) 유역의 NPS 년비부하량 산정 결과, 년평균 단위 강우량당 비부하량은 CASE 1.이 CASE 2.보다 모든 오염물에서 약 2.5배였다. 4) 호우기와 갈수기의 NPS 오염물의 비교 결과, 갈수기의 CASE 1.의 비중이 훨씬 컸다. 5) NPS 년비부하량과 PS 년비부하량을 비교한 결과, NPS 오염물이 유역 및 하천의 오염에 상당히 기여함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

하천 수질관리 대안을 제시하고자 동진강에 영향을 가장 크게 미치는 정읍천을 대상으로 2002년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 점 및 비점 오염원으로부터 수질오염물질의 부하량, 유출경로 등을 평가하였다. 계절별 수질 변화는 pH범위가 $6.87{\sim}7.53$으로 봄의 pH 범위가 컸으며, EC 농도는 정읍천 중류가 높았으며, 상류유역은 $83{\sim}95\;{\mu}s/cm$ 범위를 나타냈고, 계절별로 가을에 $517\;{\mu}/cm$로 가장 높았다. BOD의 농도는 상류유역에서 $0.61{\sim}1.27\;mg/L$로 I 급수 수질을 나타내었으나, 중류와 하류에서는 III등급 수준이었다. T-N의 농도는 정읍천 중류 유역이 $6.10{\sim}10.84\;mg/L$로 가장 높았고, T-P의 농도는 타 오염물질에 비해 농도의 편차가 컸으며, 특히 중류에서 T-P의 농도가 $0.41{\sim}0.98\;mg/L$로 높았다. BOD의 배출부하량은 J4 유역에서 553 kg/day로 가장 많았고 T-N 발생부하량은 가축, 인구, 토지이용, 산업의 순으로 켰으며, T-N 배출부하량은 인구 및 산업에 의한 것은 J4 유역, 가축과 토지이용에 의한 부하량은 J5, J6유역에서 높았다. T-N의 유달부하량은 하류 유역에서 높았으며, T-P의 유달 부하량은 BOD, T-N에 비하여 유달부하량이 낮았고 유달율은 $6{\sim}38%$ 범위를 나타냈다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2014

국내의 수질정책은 하천으로 방류되는 방류수의 농도를 규제하는 방식에서 총량을 규제하는 방식으로 바뀌었다. 또한 수질오염총량관리제가 실시되어 각 수계의 구역별로 목표 수질이 정해지게 되었다. 수질오염총량관리제가 성공적으로 이행되기 위해서는 점오염원 및 비점오염원으로부터 배출되는 오염물질의 부하량을 정확하게 파악해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 농촌의 밭지역을 대상으로 27회의 강우유출수 모니터링을 실시하였으며, 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 밭지역으로부터 배출되는 오염물질의 부하량 및 원단위 등을 산정하였다. 그 결과, 유기물질인 BOD 및 $COD_{Mn}$의 경우 오염물질의 평균 유출농도는 10.5mg/L와 19.6mg/L로 나타났으며, 영양염류인 TN과 TP는 4.5mg/L 및 2.4mg/L로 분석되었다. 한편, 국립환경과학원에서 제시한 원단위 산정 공식에 의해 산정된 원단위는 BOD $31.8kg/km^2/yr$, $COD_{Mn}$ $56.7kg/km^2/yr$, TOC $8.5kg/km^2/yr$, TSS $560.9kg/km^2/yr$, TN과 TP는 각각 $8.3kg/km^2/yr$ 및 $5.1kg/km^2/yr$로 산정되었다. 이러한 모니터링 결과는 연구자마다 그 결과 값에 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이에 정확한 원단위 산정을 위해서는 장기적인 모니터링이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2007년도 GIS 공동춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-251
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop a grid based model for calculating the critical nonpoint source (NPS) pollution load (BOD, TN, TP) in Nak-dong area in South Korea. In the last two decades, NPS pollution has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous modeling techniques. Watershed researchers need to be able to emphasis on the characterization of water quality, including NPS pollution loads estimates. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been designed for the assessment of NPS pollution in a watershed. It uses different data such as DEM, precipitation, stream network, discharge, and land use data sets and utilizes a grid representation of a watershed for the approximation of average annual pollution loads and concentrations. The difficulty in traditional NPS modeling is the problem of identifying sources and quantifying the loads. This research is intended to investigate the correlation of NPS pollution concentrations with land uses in a watershed by calculating Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). This work was accomplished using a grid based modelling technique that encompasses three stages. The first step includes estimating runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient. The second step is deriving the gird based model for calculating NPS pollution loads. The last step is validating the gird based model with traditional pollution loads calculation by applying statistical t-test method. The results on real data, illustrate the merits of the grid based modelling approach. Therefore, this model investigates a method of estimating and simulating point loads along with the spatially distributed NPS pollution loads. The pollutant concentration from local runoff is supposed to be directly related to land use in the region and is not considered to vary from event to event or within areas of similar land uses. By consideration of this point, it is anticipated that a single mean estimated pollutant concentration is assigned to all land uses rather than taking into account unique concentrations for different soil types, crops, and so on.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

In this study, pollutant loads delivery ratio by flow duration in Hwangryoung A watershed was estimated. The delivery ratio was estimated with measured data by Ministry of Environment(MOE) and the regression equation based on geomorphic parameters. Eight day interval flow data measured by the MOE were converted to daily flow to calculate daily load and flow duration curve by correlating data of neighboring station which has daily flow data. Regression equation developed by previous study was tested to study watershed and found to be satisfactory. The delivery ratios estimated by two methods were compared. For the case of Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), the delivery ratios of low flow condition were 7.6 and 15.5% by measured and regression equation, respectively. Also, the delivery ratios of Total phosphorus(T-P) for normal flow condition were 13.3 and 6.3% by measured and regression equation, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2014

According to the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, the rainfall captured ratio which can be estimated by the empirical formula is an important element to estimate reduction loads of non-point pollutants water quality control basin. In this study, the rainfall captured ratio is altered to stormwater captured ratio considering its meaning in the technical guideline of water pollutant load management, and the new empircal formula of stormwater captured ratio is suggested. In order to do this, we calculate stormwater captured ratio by using the hourly rainfall data of seven urban weather stations (Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gangreung, Seoul, Gwangju, and Jeju) for 43 years. The regression coefficients of the existed empirical formula cannot reflect the catchment properties at all, because they are fixed values regardless of regions. However the empirical formula of stormwater captured ratio has flexible regression coefficients by runoff coefficient(C), so it is allowed to consider the characteristics of runoff in catchment. It is expected that reduction loads of storage based water quality control basin can be more reasonably estimated than before.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of pollutant loads on the water quality in the Goseong reservoir from May 2005 to October 2006. Annual total runoff at the Goseong-cheon watershed was 968.0 mm in 2005, 382.6 mm in 2006, respectively. The mean concentration of BOD, COD and SS in the stream were 2.28, 6.03, 46.97 mg/L in rainy seasons and 0.95, 2.14, 6.05 mg/L in dry seasons at SWT C sub-watershed. Total-N concentrations ranged from 2.60 to 3.18 mg/L at SWT C sub-watershed, which was generally higher than the quality standard of agricultural water (1.0 mg/L). Total-P concentrations ranged from 0.044 to 0.130 mg/L at SWT C sub-watershed. Measured pollutant loads in the SWT C sub-watershed were 36.7 kg/day of BOD, 72.3 kg/day of T-N and 2.3 kg/day of T-P in 2005 at SWT C sub-watershed, 63.9 kg/day of BOD, 82.8 kg/day of T-N and 1.1 kg/day of T-P in 2006 at SWT C sub-watershed, respectively. In the analysis of the effluent characteristics for NPS pollutants, it appeared that the loading rates of effluent from SWT C watershed were, respectively, BOD 62.3%, T-N 69.6%, T-P 71.1%, SS 70.1% during the rainy season in 2006. The calculated T-N daily pollutant loadings by the unit loading factor method from each sub-watershed were much greater than observed, but the calculated T-P daily pollutant loadings much lesser than observed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2003

In this study, the material cycle model was applied to suggest alternative management of water quality for Jeju Harbor. The distribution of COD, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) concentrations was reasonably reproduced by simulations on the model area of the Jeju Harbor using a material cycle model. The simulations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations were performed under the conditions of 20∼100% pollution loadings reductions from pollution sources. In case of the 100% reduction of the input loads from Sanzi river, concentrations of COD, DM and DIP were reduced to 39%, 78% and 52%, respectively at Jeju harbor. In contrast, in case of the pollutant loadings reductions from sediment, the effect of DIN and DIP reduction relatively seemed to increase around the center of study area. The 95% reduction of the pollutant loadings from river and sediment is required to meet the COD and nutrients concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

This study analyzes the correlations between non-point sources and runoff to estimate non-point sources for effective management. From the monitoring results, the correlation factors among pollutant mass loading, EMC, total runoff volume and average flow are calculated. And using correlation factors, the most related two constituents are determined. Also the most appropriate regression between two constituents are determined. Pollutant mass loading and total runoff volume has the highest correlation. Also, compound regression is found to be the most appropriate regression. This shows that pollutant mass loading increases as total runoff volume increases. It is not continuous increase but has some pattern.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.437-440
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• 2008

In recent years, pollution load calculation has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous GIS modeling methods. The existing pollution method for nonpoint source (NPS) can not be indentified and calculated the amount of the pollution precisely. This research shows that the association of typical pollutant concentrations with land uses in a watershed can provide a reasonably accurate characterization of nonpoint source pollution in the watershed using Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). The GIS based pollution assessment method is performed for three pollutant constituents: BOD, TN, and TP. First, the runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient is estimated. Then, the NPS pollution loads are calculated by grid based method. Finally, the final outputs are evaluated by statistical technique. The results illustrate the merits of the approach. This model verified that GIS based method of estimating spatially distributed NPS pollution loads can lead to more accurate representation of the real world.