• 수완나부미
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.51-77
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• 2016

This paper argues and shows how ethnic dimension is still very important in understanding political contestations in Malaysia. To do this, the paper reviews the political as well as population demography to back its assertion. And it is not necessarily improper to continue to use this ethnic lens, although the continued use of this approach has come under heavy criticism both within and from outside Malaysia. Raging debates in Malaysia and by Malaysians are still very much shaped by ethnicity and increasing regional differences. This is further compounded by other factors such as religion, language, and education. In fact, these tools have been more intensely used of late compared to any period before in history as they easily politicize and attract followers.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2016

Using the Sunflower movement as a case study, this article seeks to articulate a theoretical framework to evaluate online "free spaces" as tools for political mobilization. To this end, this article conducts a thematic and content analysis of 151 posts on the official Facebook page of the Sunflower movement. Key results uncover four thematic functions among posts - expressive, informative, informative-support, and promotional - that overlap, in which the expressive theme prevails, and two thematic topics discussed by posts - damages by protesters and their ideology of freedom. I conclude that: (1) combining the logistic and thematic dimensions of posts enables a specific understanding of an online free space's political viability and anticipates the campaigns it will connect itself to; (2) the networked nature of the Sunflower movement page prompts the reconceptualization of (i) online free spaces as nodes through which various political campaigns and struggles are thematically connected by a political ideology; (ii) inactivity as a strategy where protest capital and followers accumulate to prepare and empower future mobilizations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1825-1844
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• 2019

Political campaigns circulate manipulative opinions in online communities to implant false beliefs and eventually win elections. Not only is this type of manipulation unfair, it also has long-lasting negative impacts on people's lives. Existing tools detect political manipulation based on a supervised classifier, which is accurate when trained with large labeled data. However, preparing this data becomes an excessive burden and must be repeated often to reflect changing manipulation tactics. We propose a practical detection system that requires moderate groundwork to achieve a sufficient level of accuracy. The proposed system groups opinions with similar properties into clusters, and then labels a few opinions from each cluster to build a classifier. It also models each opinion with features deduced from raw data with no additional processing. To validate the system, we collected over a million opinions during three nation-wide campaigns in South Korea. The system reduced groundwork from 200K to nearly 200 labeling tasks, and correctly identified over 90% of manipulative opinions. The system also effectively identified transitions in manipulative tactics over time. We suggest that online communities perform periodic audits using the proposed system to highlight manipulative opinions and emerging tactics.

• 정보화정책
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.61-93
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• 2015

이 연구는 인터넷을 통한 미국 시민들의 정치 참여가 참여자의 인구배경학적 사회경제학적 특성을 어떻게 하는 변화시켰는지를 분석한다. Pew Research Center의 서베이 데이터에 대한 분석은 일상적인 정치적 대화, 정부 공무원과의 접촉, 민원 제기, 정치적 기부 등의 네 가지 차원에 초점을 맞추었다. 분석을 통해, 본 논문은 인터넷이 정치적 참여의 기존 패턴에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 인터넷이 참여적 불평등의 인구배경학적 분포에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 파악하였다. 주요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 참여의 부가적 도구를 제공하는 인터넷은 불평등과 비례적이지 않은 대표성의 기존 패턴들을 크게 변화시키지 못하였다. 또한 인터넷이 여전히 정치적 활동의 주요한 매개체가 아니기 때문에 인터넷의 새로운 참여를 유발하는 잠재성은 아직은 제한적으로 발현되는 경향이 있다. 인구배경학적 및 사회경제학적 특성에 따라 나누어지는 사회집단 간의 참여적 격차는 인터넷의 활용에도 불구하고 극적인 변화가 나타나지는 않고 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 대중 민주주의의 차원에서 볼 때 인터넷의 정치 참여에 대한 효과는 동원(mobilization) 효과보다 강화(reinforcement) 효과가 더 크다는 것을 보여준다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

정치적 사안에 대한 대중의 의견과 인식을 객관적으로 이해하기 위한 방법으로 텍스트 마이닝을 통한 빅데이터 분석을 수행할 수 있다. 기존 어휘 사전에 기반한 텍스트 마이닝 알고리즘은 신조어와 같이 사전에 수록되지 않은 어휘를 분석하는데 한계가 나타난다. SNS를 통해 나타나는 사용자들의 의견은 많은 경우 신조어와 비속어를 포함하는데, 이러한 어휘들을 효과적으로 분석하지 못한다면 정확한 대중의 인식과 의견을 파악하기 어렵게 된다. 본 논문은 정치 섹션의 뉴스 댓글로부터 정치적 의미성을 지니는 신조어와 비속어를 효과적으로 추출하는 방법을 제안하고, 추출한 신조어휘들의 의미와 맥락을 이해하기 위한 다양한 방법을 제시하였음.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2022

To help the industry, outsourcing was found to be the most efficient method. An extensive literature analysis was done to assess the macroeconomic factors associated with outsourcing to supplement the anxious parties' decision-making process with evidence-based comprehensive tools. As a theoretical framework for evaluating these issues, transaction cost economies and resource-based perspective theories are investigated. Outsourcing is proven to be a result of energy crises and political instability. The advantages of outsourcing assist major industries in the economy. To discover the key drivers behind outsourcing, we used the vector autoregressive (VAR model) and step-wise regression techniques for the period 1992 to 2016. This research adds to the literature in that it not only explains the energy issue but also discusses the dilemma of political instability in the country in the context of outsourcing. The findings indicate that labor cost and export tendency have a positive impact on outsourcing strategy, which confirms the study's third and fourth hypotheses. Customs tax, inflation, and the unemployment rate, on the other hand, have a negative impact on textile outsourcing in Pakistan, according to the study's fifth, sixth, and seventh hypotheses.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.327-357
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• 2023

Adopting the Tools of Liberalism and Clash of Civilizations theories of international relations, this study examines the perceptions of 25,406 Arabs in 11 Arab countries as expressed in an Arab Barometer survey exploring their perceptions of violence against the United States (US), American citizens as "good," President Donald Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East, increasing economic relations with the US, and welcoming American foreign aid. As aspects of the Clash of Civilizations theory, this study examines religiosity, religious ritual practices, and political Islam and, as aspects of liberalism, this study explores the roles of online media as well as perceptions about US foreign aid in the prediction of the criterion variables. The findings suggest that religious indicators, and aspects of the Clash of Civilizations generally, were negative predictors of the perceptions, while social media and motivations for US foreign aid as aspects of liberalism, positively predicted the perceptions. The study discusses the results in relation to implications for policy makers.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.201-234
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• 2020

In recent years, the studies on the student movement in Republican China have been more accurate. However, some areas still remain uncovered, such as the technology of student movement. In this paper, the author focuses on how students utilize sound tools in their movements, especially in public meetings. During the May 4^th Movement and the 1920s, Chinese students mainly used speaking trumpets without electricity. In the 1930s, electric tools began to appear in student movement for sound propagation. In the student movement of postwar China, students of various political positions could make a use of loudspeaker, wired broadcasting, and megaphone or other equipments. The battle of sound had been part of the Chinese civil war. In general, sound tools had taken an important role in the history of student radicalism.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보교육학회 2021년도 학술논문집
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• pp.93-99
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• 2021

본 연구는 초등학생을 대상으로 하는 증강현실 기반 프로그래밍 학습 도구의 개발 방향에 대해 논의하고자 기존에 개발된 도구와 관련 문헌을 분석하였다. 문헌연구를 통해, 명령어를 조작하는 환경은 모바일형 증강현실 내에서 터치하는 방식이 효과적이며 수업 환경과 교수학습전략을 고려한 콘텐츠 개발과 설계가 필요하다는 결론을 도출하였다. 이를 토대로 초등학생을 위한 증강현실 프로그래밍 도구는 실물 교재나 특정 공간을 인식시키면 프로그래밍 문제가 증강되며 증강된 환경 내에서 명령어 선택 및 조합을 가능하게 함으로써, 프로그래밍에 대한 흥미와 관심을 증진 시킬 수 있도록 설계되어야 함을 시사하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.3571-3587
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• 2021

For accurately analysing and forecasting the social networks of China's political, economic and social power elites, it is necessary to develop a database that collates their information. The development of such a database involves three stages: data definition, data collection and data quality maintenance. The present study recommends distinctive solutions in overcoming the challenges that occur in existing comparable databases. We used organizational and event factors to identify the Chinese power elites to be included in the database, and used their memberships, social relations and interactions in combination with flows data collection methodologies to determine the associations between them. The system can be used to determine the optimal relationship path (i.e., the shortest path) to reach a target elite and to identify of the most important power elite in a social network (e.g., degree, closeness and eigenvector centrality) or a community (e.g., a clique or a cluster). We have used three social network analysis tools (i.e., R, UCINET and NetMiner) in order to find the important nodes in the network. We compared the results of centrality rankings of each tool. We found that all three tools are providing slightly different results of centrality. This is because different tools use different algorithms and even within the same tool there are various libraries which provide the same functionality (i.e., ggraph, igraph and sna in R that provide the different function to calculate centrality). As there are chances that the results may not be the same (i.e. centrality rankings indicating the most important nodes can be varied), we recommend a comparison test using different tools to get accurate results.