• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.8
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• pp.297-332
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• 1996

It is well observed in the satellite telecommunication policy of several States that legal constraints imposed upon the service coverage of satellite telecommunication as well as broadcasting are to be relaxed in a progressive way. Major aspects of such policy change lie in the adoption of policy refusing traditional concept of national frontier. In the case of direct broadcasting satellite service, while a debate upon the legal issues regarding the spill-over effect of that service is no more major concern of the States, many multinational enterprises are looking for strategic alliance for regional or global DBS project. On the other hand, an implementation plan for connecting the world through global mobile personal communication satellite system is being pursued by several joint effort of multinational firms. Legal issues arise regarding the regulatory competence of each State, Especially, a controversial issue is concerning the sovereign right well recognized upon the regulation of telecommunication. This study is focusing upon the evolution of such policy change for the purpose of allowing us to expect future develpment of worldwide satellite telecommunication policy environment.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of differential coinsurance policy on prescription drug coverage of outpatients by types of medical institutions. Methods: In this study, we used a sample cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service and frequency analysis and marginal logistic regression model using generalized estimating equation were used for statistical analysis. Results: The summary on the major research is followed. First, about 16% of patients who used only tertiary or general hospital due to 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions before policy implementation moved to hospitals and clinics. However, about 57% of them still use tertiary or general hospital. Second, the factors influencing the utilization of hospitals and clinics after the implementation of the policy were gender, age, and income level. As a result, the policy is effective to reduce the medical use of outpatient mental patients in tertiary or general hospital, but the effect is not significant. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the policy for establishing the health care delivery system, it is necessary to adjust the co-payment so as to feel the burden on the co-payment when the outpatient for 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions is used at the tertiary or general hospital.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.41-51
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• 2017

Purpose - This study proposes the impact of the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty on macroeconomy, and its effect on Korea. The economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea is used to represent the economic policy uncertainty on Korean economy. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we collect the eight variables to find out the interrelationship among the US and Korean economic policy uncertainty index of the US and macroeconomic indicators during 1990 to 2016, and use Vector Error Correction Model. Result - The distribution industry stock index in Korea is influenced by the economic policy uncertainty index of the US rather than of Korea. All variables are related negatively to the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea from Vector Error Correction Model. This study shows that the economic policy uncertainty index of the US and Korea has the dynamic relationships on the Korean economy. Conclusions - A higher economic policy uncertainty shows a greater economy recession of a country. Finally, the economic policy uncertainty of the Korea has an intensive impact on Korea economy. Particularly, the economic policy uncertainty of the US has a strong impact on distribution industry stock market in Korea.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2022

This study purports to deal with so-called basic income policy that Korea society has paid a great amount of attention to in welfare policy area. As an introduction, the definitions of basic income policy, and her natures and characteristics, and ideological foundation will be covered. Then, this study will discuss current debating issues upon basic income policy around the world such as basic income policy vs pre-existing social security systems, basic income policy and labor supply, the potential effect of basic income policy upon income redistribution, and feasibility of basic income as an actual policy. In conclusion, this study will investigate major criticisms on basic income policy and suggest viable paths that interested researcher should take for further study on basic income.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2020

Background: From January 2018, a policy was applied to differentially apply the co-payment for medical expenses of 15,000 won or more from 30% to 10%-30% for each medical fee. This policy lowers the burden on the medical use of the elderly, and it is necessary to analyze the effect of the policy by confirming changes in medical use and supply behavior after 2 years. Methods: The National Health Insurance Service's national medical use database was used. As for the analysis method, first, the medical use and medical supply behavior change over the age of 65 years were confirmed, and second, in order to check the net effect of the policy, the 66-year-old as the experimental group and the 63-year-old as the control group were selected as the control group. The propensity score matching was performed using the variables of age, living alone, income quartile, residence, disability, chronic disease, and co-morbid disease scores, and then it was analyzed using the difference in difference analysis method. Results: The share of the number of treatments under 15,000 won decreased from 37.0% in 2017 to 20.2% in 2018, while the share of the number of treatments under 15,001-20,000 won increased from 8.0% to 22.7%. It was confirmed that the reason for the increase in the cost of treatment per treatment was the result of the increase in the amount of physical therapy and examination. As a result of the policy effect, the burden of co-payment per person was reduced, and as a result, the number of hospital visits per person and the total medical cost per person increased. Conclusion: The self-pay rate differential policy reduced the burden of medical expenses for the elderly and confirmed the increase in medical use. However, the interpretation of the increase in medical use was not able to distinguish whether the unsatisfactory medical care was satisfied or the inducement demand. Efficient allocation of resources is a more important point in the future when the super-aged society is in front. It is necessary to prepare a plan to induce rational medical use within a range that does not impair the medical accessibility of the elderly.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of satisfaction with the marriage support policy on marriage intention among unmarried employed men and women. The study subjects included 300 unmarried working men and women aged over 30 years residing in the Seoul metropolitan area. First, according to the analysis of the subjects' overall tendency towards satisfaction with the marriage support policy and towards marriage intention, the marriage support policy gained the highest level of support in relation to housing for newlywed couples, which scored 3.29 (sd=.93), followed by improvements in corporate and family culture for the purposes of work-family compatibility at 3.24 (sd=.95), wedding loans at 3.18 (sd=1.01), and the paid leave system for marriage preparation at 3.12 (sd=.88). These variables scored slightly higher than the median 3 points. Conversely, satisfaction with the availability of marriage-related information and the provision of opportunities for dating scored 2.65 (sd=.88) and 2.78 (sd=.80), respectively, both of which were slightly lower than the median of 3. The overall mean score for satisfaction with the marriage support policy was 3.03 (sd=.95), which was slightly higher than the median of 3. In regards to marriage intention, the score was 3.32 (sd=1.15) points out of a perfect score of 5, which was slightly higher than the median. This indicated a slightly higher level in terms of the subjects' intention to marry. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify the effect of satisfaction with the marriage support policy on marriage intention among unmarried employed adults. Sociodemographic variables were entered as control variables in the regression at the first stage, and variables relating to satisfaction in a family-friendly social environment were entered at the second stage. When gender, age, educational level, monthly income, period of employment, working hours, and type of employment were inserted in the first stage of regression as control variables, gender, monthly income, period of employment, and type of employment were found to have a significant effect on marriage intention. Marriage intention was found to be greater in unmarried men with higher monthly incomes and longer periods spent working, and in unmarried working men and women engaged in tenured employment work. When variables relating to satisfaction with the marriage support policy were inserted in the second stage of regression, gender, monthly income, type of employment, and satisfaction with direct marriage support had significant effects on marriage intention. It was found that marriage intention was greater in unmarried men whose monthly income was higher, whose employment type was tenured work, and who showed greater satisfaction with direct marriage support.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.649-652
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• 2015

Previous marking policy for the AF service of TCP traffic in the Diffserv network have no sufficient consideration on the effect of RTT and target rate. In this paper, in order to improve fairness Index by the effect RTT difference of TCP traffic, we propose the modified TSW3CDM(Time Sliding Window Three Color Dynamic Marker) based on average transfer rate estimation and the flow state. The proposed algorithm is dynamic marking policy that do allocate band width in proportion to transmission rate. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, We accomplished a computer simulation using NS-2. From simulation results, the proposed TSW3CDM algorithm improves fairness index by comparison with TSW3CM.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2001

Korean government had introduced copayment system as cost sharing to office-based medical care in order to reduce the demand for care in 1986. This review focuses on trends and characteristics of copayment on office-based medical care from 1991 to the end of Jan. 2001. Objectives of this study is ${\circled}1$ to analyse historical trends of copayment on office-based medical care during the last decade, ${\circled}2$ to analyse the effect of copayment introduced to office-based medical care on NHI finance, ${\circled}3$ to analyse the changing trends of the size of copayment in utilizing office-based medical care for the past 10 years, ${\circled}4$ to evaluate the meaning of copayment alteration implemented after the introduction of new prescription system and finally ${\circled}5$ to draw a some policy implications from the results of this review. We found that the main purpose of copayment introduction had been reduction in the expenditure of NHI finance. But, the reduction effect of insurer's expenditure has turned out to be negative and NHI finance has been in crisis after the introduction of new prescription system. Also, the copayment level of the insured has increased actually on a large scale. It seems that the introduction of new prescription system has changed the meanings and its policy implications of copayment system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia. The study employs panel data of companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange that distribute dividends from 2007 to 2017. Fixed and random effect regression models are used. Findings based on growth opportunities on capital structure and dividend policy in Indonesia are in line with the existing theory (i.e., contracting theory). Growth opportunities have a significant negative correlation with debt ratio and dividend yield, which suggests that firms with high growth opportunities are discouraged to generate debt to resolve underinvestment and asset-substitution problem. Firms with more investment opportunities tend to adopt a low dividend payout policy because the cash flows will be used up for investment. The positive impact of firm size on leverage is due to the low bankruptcy risk and cost of a large company. Profitability has a positive impact on the dividend policy because profitable companies can reserve larger free cash flows and, thus, pay higher dividends. The positive influence of ownership on leverage is interpreted by the unwillingness of majority stockholders to commit to equity financing in order to avoid reducing the ownership and preserve control of the company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

This study investigates the capital structure policy among Indonesian public companies. Previous studies suggest that capital structure policy could follow either static or dynamic behavior. The sample data used in this study was companies in the manufacturing sector, divided into three sub-sectors: the basic and chemical industry, miscellaneous industry, and the consumer goods industry. This study uses panel data from 2010 to 2018, with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method and compared whether the fixed effect model is better than the common effect model. The results show that the dynamic and non-linear model tests can explain the capital structure determinants than the static and linear models. The dynamic model shows that the capital structure of a certain year is influenced by the capital structure of the previous year. The findings indicate that the company performs some adjustments in its capital structure policy by referring to the previous debt ratio, which implies support to the trade-off theory (TOT). The study also shows that profitability, tangible assets, size, and age explain the variation of capital structure policy. The patterns on the dynamic and non-linear confirm that capital structure runs in a nonlinear pattern, based on the sector, company condition, and the dynamic environment.