• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in the clinical fields, both as a cause for admission and as a complication of the underlying disorder or as the course of treatment. Pneumonia is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates among hospital-acquired infections. The guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia by the American Thoracic Society include identifying individuals who have recently received antibiotics therapy or have been in medical facilities; these individuals are at higher risk for infection with multiple drug resistant organisms. Individuals, who have acquired pneumonia according to this clinical scenario, have what is known as healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Patients with HCAP should be considered to have potentially drug-resistant pathogens and should receive broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy directed at the potentially resistant organisms. In this paper, the diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of HCAP are discussed.

• Infection and chemotherapy
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.287-300
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• 2018

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in old adults. The incidence and etiologic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia is variable both geographically and temporally, and epidemiology might evolve with the change of population characteristics and vaccine uptake rates. With the increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions, a wide spectrum of healthcare-associated pneumonia could also affect the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiological changes associated with community-acquired pneumonia over the decades since pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2003

Pneumonia is an acute or recurrent infection of the parenchyma of the lung causing cough, fever, and respiratory distress. Pneumonia was named 'Feiyanchuansou(肺炎喘嗽)' in chinese medicine. This study was progressed for oriental medical treatment for pediatric pneumonia in china. The purpose of this study is current oriental medical approach to pediatric pneumonia In this study, the authors tried to figure out the cause of the pediatric pneumonia and its treatment and came to the conclusion as follows: 1. The study for pediatric pneumonia consists of basic, clinical and experimental study. 2. Basic study consists of etiology and pathogenesis(病因病耭), the rule of treatment(治療原則) and method of treatment(治法). 3. Clinical study consists of symptoms-based treatment(辨證論治), adequate prescription treatment(專病專方), acupuncture(鍼灸治療), and western diagnosis based treatment. 4. The majority of experimental study was pharmacology that consists of antiviral and antibacterial effect, removing heat(淸熱), releasing pulmonary qi(宣肺), dissipating phlegm(化痰).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3071-3074
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the related risk factors of postoperative nosocomial pneumonia (POP) in patients withI-IIIa lung cancer. Methods: Medical records of 511 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer between January 2012 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors of postoperative pneumonia were identified and evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The incidence of postoperative pneumonia in these lung cancer patients was 2.9% (15 cases). Compared with 496 patients who had no pneumonia infection after operation, older age (>60), histopathological type of squamous cell carcinoma and longer surgery time (>3h) were significant risk factors by univariate analysis. Other potential risk factors such as alcohol consumption, history of smoking, hypersensitivity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and so on were not showed such significance in this study. Further, the multivariate analysis revealed that old age (>60 years) (OR 5.813, p=0.018) and histopathological type of squamous cell carcinoma (OR 5.831, p<0.001) were also statistically significant independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that being old aged (>60 years) and having squamous cell carcinoma histopathological type might be important factors in determining the risk of postoperative pneumonia in lung cancer patients after surgery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권12호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2020

The major pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia are Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by M. pneumoniae or C. pneumoniae is common in children and presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting disease. CAP due to L. pneumophila is very rare in children and progresses rapidly, with fatal outcomes if not treated early. M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila have no cell walls; therefore, they do not respond to β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are the treatments of choice for atypical pneumonia. Macrolides are the first-line antibiotics used in children because of their low minimum inhibitory concentrations and high safety. The incidence of pneumonia caused by macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae that harbors point mutations has been increasing since 2000, particularly in Korea, Japan, and China. The marked increase in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MRMP) is partly attributed to the excessive use of macrolides. MRMP does not always lead to clinical nonresponsiveness to macrolides. Furthermore, severe complicated MRMP responds to corticosteroids without requiring a change in antibiotic. This implies that the hyper-inflammatory status of the host can induce clinically refractory pneumonia regardless of mutation. Empirical macrolide therapy in children with mild to moderate CAP, particularly during periods without M. pneumoniae epidemics, may not provide additional benefits over β-lactam monotherapy and can increase the risk of MRMP.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Purpose: Drug overdose is easily found in the emergency department (ED). Sedative-hypnotics overdose causes the aspiration pneumonia in patients with decreased mental status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of aspiration pneumonia in patients poisoned with sedative-hypnotics. Methods: One hundred seventy eight patients who were poisoned with sedative-hypnotics and who visited ED between 2009 and 2015 were included. This study was conducted retrospectively, with collection of data by review of medical records. We collected the data concerning the characteristics of patients and classified them into two groups based on the development of aspiration pneumonia. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia. Results: Thirty five patients had an aspiration pneumonia during their hospital stay in 178 patients. The age, amount of ingestion, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and the hypotension at admission were significantly different between two groups in univariate analysis. The age, amount of ingestion and GCS score at admission were associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.028 (95%CI, 1.002-1.056, p=0.037), 1.026 (95%CI, 1.004-1.043, p=0.001), 0.737 (95%CI, 0.683-0.915, p=0.002)). All patients with aspiration pneumonia were discharged without a sequelae. Conclusion: The development of aspiration pneumonia in the patients of sedative-hypnotics overdose is associated with old age, amount of drug ingestion, and GCS score at admission.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

급속히 악화되는 임상 경과를 보인 비특이성 간질성폐렴을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 1993

연구배경 : Mycoplasma 폐렴은 비정형 폐렴의 원인 중 가장 많은 폐렴으로 대개 학동기 아이들이나 청년기에 호발하여 성인에서는 그 빈도수가 떨어져 흔히 접하기는 쉽지 않으며, 특히 그 임상 양상이 사회 획득성 폐렴과는 다른 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 성인에서의 mycoplasma 폐렴의 임상 양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 발열, 기침 등의 호흡기 증상이 있으면서 흉부 X-선상 폐침윤이 뚜렷한 예로 mycoplasma 항체가를 측정하여 1:40 이상인 경우를 대상으로 하여 환자들의 나이, 성별, 발열 유무와 기간, 기침, 가래 등의 임상증상, 청진 소견, 병변의 부위, 폐렴의 형태, 동반 질병에 대하여 관찰하였다. 결과: 1) 전체 환자는 12명으로 연령별 차이는 없었지만, 10대 특히 여자에서 그 빈도가 더 많았다. 2) 환자들은 연중 발생하였으나, 6월에서 10월 사이에 8명 (66.6%) 이 발생하였다. 3) Mycoplasma 폐렴에 수반된 주 증상으로 발열, 기침, 가래가 주된 소견이었다. 4) 단순 흉부 X-선 촬영상 8예에서 기관지 폐렴의 소견을 보였으며, 주로 하엽의 침범이 많았다. 그리고 흉부 X-선상 정상으로 호전되는 기간은 평균 23일 이었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 성인에서 mycoplasma 폐렴은 사회 획득성 폐렴과는 임상 양상이 다름을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.174-182
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• 1997

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients and it is also known of major cause of death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After consolidation chemotherapy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia children is developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia frequently no an opportunistic infection but there were no controlled studies which have been performed to evaluate the usefulness of corticosteroid in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We experienced a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with febrile neutropenic 6 years old girl. She was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and prednisone. We report this case with brief review of related literature.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1995

Seasonal incident rates were examined from the 981 pigs slaushtered in southern Kang-won and distribution of lesions and histopathological examination were conducted from 231 Enzootic pneumonia affected lungs. The results obtained were summarized as follows： 1. 39.7∼50.2% of 981 slaughtered pigs showed pneumonia lesions without seasonal variation and the incidence rate of Enzootic pneumonia was 23.5% 2. The distribution of Lesions of Enzootic pneumonia lobes was observed. The right lobes were affected more frequently than the left, and the highest frequency of 79.7% being recorded in the right cardiac lobe followed by the left cardiac, right apical, intermediate, left apical, right diaphrogmatic and diaphrogmatic. 3. In histopatological observation lung lobes were forming Iymphonodulus from perivascular, peribronchiolar Iymphoid hyerplasia and it was remarkable to bronchostenosis.