• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.14-24
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• 2000

In present research, the plywoods made of radiata pine or Japanese larch, the potential softwood species in mass supply, were discussed to examine their feasibility as the structural and concrete form panels through the basic properties test. First, plywood qualities and its nail performance were tested. The performance test for concrete form or structural panel by concentrated and uniformly distributed load were conducted to investigate the possibility as structural material for light frame and concrete constructions. Test results of basic quality such as specific gravity, cupping, bowing, and twisting appeared to satisfy the criteria for structural use. Also, nail performance test results, for roof and wall sheathing panels, nail lateral resistance, nail withdrawal resistance, and nail push head resistance proved to meet the required standard for structural use. The test results on performance as structural panel by concentrated and uniformly distributed load and as concrete form panel showed that these two species could be used for structural sheathing, subfloor, and concrete form panels.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.488-502
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• 2020

In this study, the moisture absorption and desorption properties presented by the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards of South Korea were compared using the wood of three tree species (Douglas-fir, Hinoki, Larch) and two types of wood-based materials(Plywood, WML Board^Ⓡ). The national standards for functional building materials present that the amounts of moisture absorption and desorption should be at least 65g/㎡ on average, respectively according to the test method under KS F 2611:2009. Therefore, in this study, the moisture absorption/desorption properties of materials with no treatment (Control), with punching, and with surface stain finishing and the moisture absorption/desorption property improvement effects of the treatments were compared and analyzed. According to the results of this study, it was evaluated that all five types of wood and wood-based materials tested did not satisfy the amount of moisture absorption/desorption of at least 65g/㎡, which is the performance standard for moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials, indicating that untreated wood and wood-based materials cannot be applied as functional finishing materials according to the Health-Friendly Housing Construction Standards. The surface stain finishing greatly reduced the moisture absorption and desorption rates of the materials, and the amounts of moisture absorbed and desorbed were also shown to decrease by at least two times on average. When the surfaces of the materials were punched with Ø4mm holes at intervals of 20 mm, the moisture absorption/desorption areas increased from 18% to 51%, and this increase was shown to be capable of increasing the amounts of moisture absorbed/desorbed by 29% on average at the minimum, and 81% on average at the maximum. The effects of punching were shown to be identical even in cases where the materials were stain finished. For the application of wood or wood-based materials as eco-friendly, health-friendly, and moisture absorption/desorption functional building materials hereafter, it is judged that new physical and chemical improvement studies should be conducted, and treatment methods should be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from wood-based panels that have been made using wood particles, wood fiber, wood chips, formaldehyde-based resins and so on. In this study, we examined formaldehyde and total VOCs (TVOC) emission behaviors for plywood overlaid with water-soluble phenolic resin impregnated linerboard (PL), and two kinds of surface materials (decorative veneer and pre-impregnated finishing foil) that were adhered onto the PL that named DPL and PPL. EVA (ethyl vinyl acetate) was used to overlay the decorative veneer and pre-impregnated finishing foil on the plywood with water-soluble phenolic resin impregnated linerboard by a hot press instrument. The debonding test and accelerated aging test were conducted to assess their mechanical properties. Formaldehyde and TVOC emission concentrations were measured using the FLEC method and a VOC Analyzer, respectively. The debonding test results of PL, DPL and PPL were 1.2, 1.5, and $0.5N/mm^2$, respectively. The surface appearance of the samples were not changed after the accelerated aging test. The PL and DPL exhibited reduced formaldehyde and TVOC emission levels, respectively. In the case of PPL, the VOC value was relatively higher than those of PL and DPL.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1381-1390
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• 2008

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the flue gas emitted from wood drying process for plywood manufacturing. The moisture content of raw timber was average 48%, and its density was $831.55kg/m^3$. But the moisture content of dried wood is needed less than around 10%, thus the moisture contents of flue gas should be remarkably high(about 18.2 V/V%). Therefore, the vapor in flue gas is equivalent to 320 ton-vapor/day when 1100 ton-wood/day is treated in the wood drying process. The temperature of flue gas ranges from $140^{\circ}C\;to\;150^{\circ}C$ in each dryer stack with exception of the input site of wood(about $110^{\circ}C$). The velocity of flue gas in each stack ranges from 1.7 to 9.7m/sec. In order to assess the concentrations and attribution rate of odorous compounds, it was analyzed about 40 VOCs in the flue gases. It was found that the major odorous compounds were 8 compounds, and the concentrations of major VOCs(ppm) were as follows; benzene: $0.054{\sim}0.052$, toluene: $1.011{\sim}2.547$, ethylbenzene: $0.472{\sim}2.023$, m,p-xylene: $0.504{\sim}3.245$, styrene: $0.015{\sim}0.148$, o-xylene : $0.271{\sim}1.097$, ethanol: $11.2{\sim}32.5$, ${\alpha}$-pinene: $0.908{\sim}10.578$, ${\beta}$-pinene: $0.982{\sim}14.278$. The attribution rate of terpenes (${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene) was about 60.56%, and that of aromatics and alcohols was about 22.77%, and 16.67%, respectively. It is suggested that the adequate control device should be used to control both the water soluble and non-soluble compounds because both compounds were mixed in flue gas.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

To make up original defects of the wooden materials for decks, and to supply the wooden material for outdoor, we fabricated preservative treated plywood(PTP). Copper azole (CUAZ-1) preservative was treated with a normal full-cell process. Bond Strength of PTP was not affected after the preservative treatment. The anti-fungal efficiency and dimensional stability were obtained from PTP. A little discoloration of the surface was detected, but the dimensional change or peel bonded area off were not observed after accelerated weathering test. Although some strength of PTP was reduced after 17 months of field exposure, the PTP should be applicable for outdoor applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 1989

The oxygen index test was carried out to obtain the relative flammability of wood-based materials (plywood, MDF, particleboard) and their oxygen indices. The oxygen index is the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as volume percent, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of a material under the specified laboratory conditions. In this study the oxygen indices were calculated by using the Dixon and Massey's Up and Down method("N" Large method). The obtained results were as follows : 1. The oxygen indices calculated with Up and Down method were 27.9% for plywood, 26.9% for MDF, and 26.2% for particleboard, indicative of plywood being more difficult to burn than MDF and particleboard Lender the same surrounding conditions. 2. The oxygen indices were not affected by the total gas flow rate.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the physical/chemical properties of concrete surface according to types of formworks. Plywood formwork and coated plywood formwork were prepared. In addition, plywood formwork with sand paper was prepared to simulate deterioration of concrete or rough surface of concrete. Normal concrete was used in this study. The properties of concrete surface were investigated by visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques, elemental mapping, 2D and 3D surface profile measurement, and zeta potential measurement. Test results showed that concrete in a coated formwork had smooth surface and concrete in the formwork with sand paper had rough surface. It was observed that properties of concrete surface depended on types of formworks. Furthermore, differences in surface roughness were significantly higher than those in chemical compositions and zeta potential.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.182-189
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• 2021

VPS(Void Plywood Slab System, VPS) has optimized the shape of the hollow material. In addition, it has a function to prevent the floating of the hollow material and the separation due to the working load. In this study, the punching shear capacity of flat plate was performed using Void Plywood Slab System with form work panel proposed in the previous study. As a result of the test, the strength of the VSPS specimen in which the hollow material was placed beyond 2.0 times the column width from the loading point was reduced by 9.4% compared to the reference specimen. However, the strength value was about 1.57 times higher than the design value suggested by KBC 2016. It was found that there was no change in stiffness compared to the reference specimen until shear failure occurred in the VSPS specimen in which the hollow material was placed. It can be seen that this experiment is being destroyed by shear as the flexural reinforcing bars are sufficiently reinforced.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2019

The sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss of several types of rice hull mats with varying apparent densities and thicknesses are estimated in this paper using the transfer function and matrix methods, respectively, to evaluate the possibility of using rice hull as an acoustic construction material. The mean sound absorption rates of 10-cm-thick rice hull mats with target densities of $0.10g/cm^3$, $0.12g/cm^3$, and $0.14g/cm^3$ were 0.91, 0.92, and 0.95, respectively, while those of the 1-cm-thick plywood attached to the back of the rice hulls were 0.90, 0.92, and 0.92, respectively. The means of the sound transmission loss of the 10 cm-thick rice hull mats with the target densities of $0.10g/cm^3$, $0.12g/cm^3$, and $0.14g/cm^3$ were 7.66 dB, 10.49 dB, and 14.14 dB, respectively, while those of the 1 cm-thick plywood attached to the back of the rice hulls were 33.34 dB, 36.72 dB, and 38.95 dB, respectively. In conclusion, a rice hull mat could be used as acoustic construction materials because of its high sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

The plywood for concrete form is regarded as a laminate plate composed of orthotropic materials and the flexural analysis is conducted by applying the laminate plate theory, in which the four edges of the plate is assumed to be simply supported and the concentric point lateral load is applied. The results of flexural experiment are compared with the theoretical ones. Theoretically predicted results coincide with experimental ones up to the point of deflection less than 1/4 of plate thickness. In addition, when the plywood is regarded as an isotropic plate for simple analysis, the geometric average of the elastic modulus measured in the direction parallel to the face grain (E₁₁) and perpendicular to the face grain (E₂₂) could be used for the elastic modulus of isotropic plate.