• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2003

Objectives : Coptidis rhizoma (CR) is an oriental medicine that has been used in many traditional prescriptions against diabetes mellitus in Korea for centuries. Our purpose was to determine the protective effect and its action mechanism of CR on the cytotoxicity of pancreatic -cell line (RINm5F cell). Methods : In this experiment, we used methods such as MTT assay for detection of cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation assay for detection of apoptotic cell death, LDH activity assay for detection of necrotic cell death, and measurement of $DiOC_{6}$ (3) retention for detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Background : Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to playa key role in the process of pancreatic -cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Results : Exposure of RINm5F cells to chemical NO donor such as S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) induced cytotoxic events such as DNA fragmentation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into medium. However, pretreatment of RINm5F cells with CR extract ($10~50{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$) for 3 hours prevented SNAP-induced DNA fragmentation and LDH release into medium through the inhibition of MMP disruption. Conclusions : These results suggest that CR may be a candidate for a therapeutic or preventing agent against IDDM.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.16
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• pp.61-76
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• 2003

In proportion as increasing priority of sports service industries, the necessity and importance of service marketing has raising. Because of such point, this study investigates on the relationship of physical evidence and performance in using commercial sport centers. A study model and several hypotheses were developed regarding the relationships. To test the model and the hypotheses empirically, we distributed 350 copies of survey and collected 283 copies. 278 copies appear valid for our empirical study, except 5 copies that are considered inappropriate for our purpose. The results and implications are as follows. First, Service physical evidence had a positive effects on overall perceived quality and satisfaction. second, Results indicate that overall perceived quality and satisfaction playa significant role in the relationship between physical evidence and customer loyalty.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2005

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the effect of oral administration of Oldenlandiae Diffusae Herba (ODH) on eosinophil, immunoglobulin-E and interleukin-4 in the experimental asthma induced by ovalbumin. Methods : Asthma was induced to Balb/c mouse by i.p. injection and aerosol immunization with ovalbumin. It was observed the change of the eosinophil number in the BALF. And, it was observed the change of the concentrations of IL-4 in BALF and splenocyte, IgE in serum by ELISA. Results : 1. The number of eosinophil in BALF was significantly decreased in ODH group copared with control group. 2. Concentration of IL-4 in serum, BALF and splenocyte was significantly decreased in ODH group compared with control group, respectively. 3. Level of IgE in serum was significantly decreased in ODH group compared with control group. Conclusion : We found that the effect of ODH extract in asthma was implicated in reductions of IL-4 released from Th2 cell, and decreases of IgE from plasma cell. These findings suggest that ODH extract can produce anti-asthmatic effect, which may playa role in allergen-induced asthma therapy.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.8 no.6 s.33
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

Check valves playa vital role in the operation and protection of nuclear power plants. Check valves failure in nuclear power plants often lead to a plant transient or trip. The analysis of historical failure data gives information on the populations of various types of check valves, the systems they are installed in, failure modes, effects, methods of detection, and the mechanisms of the failures. A majority of check valve failures are caused by improper application. The experimental apparatus is designed and installed to measure the disc positions with flow velocity, Vopen and Vmin for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves. The minimum flow velocity necessary to just open the disc at a full open position is referred to as Vopen, and Vmin is defined as the minimum velocity to fully open the disc and hold it without motion. In the experiments, Vmin is determined as the minimum flow velocity at which the back stop load begins to increase after the disc is fully opened or the oscillation level of disc is reduced below $1^{\circ}$. The results show that the Vmin velocities for 3 inch and 6 inch swing check valves are about 27.3% and 17.5% higher than the Vopen velocities, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1046-1052
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• 2003

Viscoelastic behavior of oxidized starch gel, modified with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the adding effects of protein in oxidized starch gel was studied by dynamic viscoelastic measurement. The storage modulus(G′) of starch gel increased with the increase of starch concentration. They showed higher value when starch suspension was treated to 95$^{\circ}C$ rather than 85$^{\circ}C$. Consistency of starch gel was decreased over 1.0% active Cl/g starch when heated to 95$^{\circ}C$, which means that the swelling of starch granules increased with concentration of NaOCl and showed more sensitive against shear. As the extent of oxidation increased, starch granules were easily destroyed. Therefore, it is hard to separate between compartment of leached-out amylose and that of amylopectin, which means that the ability of gel formation was reduced. When oxidized starches were gelatinized in presence of soy protein and sodium caseinate, it was found that G′ decreased, and frequency dependence of G′ and G" increased with the increased degree of oxidation in starch. The reduce of starch-protein interaction was thought to be through the dissociation of the branched amylopectin, which playa leading role in protein interaction, with the oxidation of starch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.171-175
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• 1999

Morphological alteration of floral organ development in rice affected by chilling stress was examined. Three varieties of rice were grown under natural conditions and subjected to 12$^{\circ}C$ for 3 or 6 days starting from the ineffective tillering stage, before heading stage and returned to natural condition. Headings were delayed by a 6 day chilling treatment. After heading the panicles were collected and examined for any possible alteration in floral organ development. It appears that there were some differences in sensitivity to chilling stress and degree of injury depending on treatment stages and variety. Chuchungbyeo was the most frequent in producing abnormal flowers among the three varieties examined. Meiosis stage was shown to be the most vulnerable to chilling stress in both Chuchungbyeo and Ilpumbyeo and young panicle differentiation stage was the frequent stage to alter flower development in response to chilling stress only in Chuchungbyeo. It was confirmed that abnormalities occurred in pollen due to chilling stress is a major factor leading to low yield, but to some extent the alterations in carpel development may playa certain role in determining a total yield in response to chilling stress at the reproduction stage in rice. There were abnormalities like extra stigmata, extra lemma, double ovary as well as abnormal anther formation in response to chilling stress. Further studies of the phenocopy observed in rice floral development may be useful for an understanding of the resistance against chilling injury during reproductive stages in rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2008

Taekwondo, Korean traditional martial art as one of the ten Korean cultural symbols, has acquired a reputation for introducing and globalizing Korean culture together with its standing as official Olympic Game in 2000, Sydney, Australia. Nevertheless the World Taekwondo Headquarters, Kukkiwon, which is an exclusive Taekwondo institution only accommodates for three thousand persons. Considering the worldwide reputation of Taekwondo, the scale of Kukkiwon leaves a big supply problem. This study therefore suggests the plan to design Taekwondo park that playa major role of Taekwondo development in the 21st century and represent the cultural heartland of Taekwondo. The study considers four points. The points are as follows: 1) Necessary programs drawn by analyzing and assessing Muju city as a site for Taekwondo park, then a survey conducted for potential visitors to a Taekwondo park. Under the theme of "A World Cultural Heritage Upon Our Own Lives", the park plan intends to become a shrine of Taekwondo as well as a big tourist attraction. 2) Programs are appropriate for the terms of the investment under the auspices of government, by considering potential visits and the site conditions. 3) The meaning of Taekwondo and its history should be reflected in the space distribution and facilities allotment. Three meaningful zones: symbolic zone, training zone and culture zone are considered in planning program and space distribution. 4) The plan also intends to harmonize with local development by groping Muju city's uplifting, not only designs a Taekwondo park.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.380-393
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the effect of Chekambohyulansin-tang (CST) which was a traditional poly-herbal formula has been used for treatment of obesity in Korea, on the obesity in ovariectomized rats, the changes of body weight, peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal subcutaneous fat weight and their histological changes were measured with the detection of number and/or size of adipocytes after an oral administration of CBT extracts (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). CBT significantly attenuated elevations in the body weight, the absolute and relative weight of peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal fat tissues and decrease the severe hypertrophy, the number of adipocytes, and the diameter of adipocytes of peri-kidney, abdominal and perineal fat tissues in ovariectomized rats in a dose dependent manner. These results provide a story evidence that CBT can playa role in the treatment of obesity induced by ovariectomy. Determination of the specific mechanisms involred toxicological dosage of CBT on obesity will require addition study.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The nonstructural protein NSP4, encoded by gene 10 of rotavirus, has been shown to playa role in viral assembly and known to be an enterotoxin, causing diarrhea in mouse pups. NSP4 gene was cloned from CBNU-2 (virulent bovine rotavirus/diarrheic fecal sample) and CBNU-1 (cell-culture adapted bovine rotavirus/isolated from CBNU-2 and 75 times passaged on MA104 cells), respectively, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced and compared. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 genes of bovine rotavirus (BRV) were 751 bases in length and encoded one open reading frame of 175 amino acids beginning at base 42 and terminating at base 569. Differences in nucleotide sequence between CBNU-2 and CBNU-1 were observed at 6 positions (base 274, 296, 391, 394, 396 and 579). NSP4 gene of BRV exhibited a high degree of nucleotide (90% and 94%) and amino acid sequence (91% and 97%) homology with those of SA11 and UK but a low degree of nucleotide (77% and 79%) and amino acids sequence (81% and 85%) homology with those of Wa and OSU.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.233-238
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• 2004

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase $A_2\;(Lp-PLA_2)$ is a potential biomarker of coronary heart disease and plays an important proinflammatory role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Also acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) playa key role in atherosclerosis, respectively. And so, the inhibitory activities of the methanol extracts of 42 insect resources were examined on $Lp-PLA_2$, ACAT, and LDL oxidation for screening of anti-atherogenic substances. Among them, the methanol extracts of Eurydema rugosa significantly inhibited all of upper three activities. Several kinds of tested insects having high inhibitory effect with the methanol extracts were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone, and their inhibitory activities were tested.