• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2024

A very widely used analytical method (mathematical model), mentioned in Eurocode 3, to examine the connections' bending behavior is the component-based method that has certain weak points shown in the plastic behavior part of the moment-rotation curves. In the component method available in Eurocode 3, for simplicity, the effect of strain hardening is omitted, and the bending behavior of the connection is modeled with the help of a two-line diagram. To make the component method more efficient and reliable, this research proposed its advanced version, wherein the plastic part of the diagram was developed beyond the guidelines of the mentioned Regulation, implemented to connect the end plate, and verified with the moment-rotation curves found from the laboratory model and the finite element method in ABAQUS. The findings indicated that the advanced component method (the method developed in this research) could predict the plastic part of the moment-rotation curve as well as the conventional component-based method in Eurocode 3. The comparison between the laboratory model and the outputs of the conventional and advanced component methods, as well as the outputs of the finite elements approach using ABAQUS, revealed a different percentage in the ultimate moment for bolt-extended end-plate connections. Specifically, the difference percentages were -31.56%, 2.46%, and 9.84%, respectively. Another aim of this research was to determine the optimal dimensions of the end plate joint to reduce costs without letting the mechanical constraints related to the bending moment and the resulting initial stiffness, are not compromised as well as the safety and integrity of the connection. In this research, the thickness and dimensions of the end plate and the location and diameter of the bolts were the design variables, which were optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Snake Optimization (SO), and Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) to minimization the connection cost of the end plate connection. According to the results, the TLBO method yielded better solutions than others, reducing the connection costs from 43.97 to 17.45€ (60.3%), which shows the method's proper efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 1998

One solution to prevent deterioration due to expansion joint and to extend lifetime of short span bridges, is jointless integral abutment bridge. To understand behavior of pile foundation of skewed plate girder bridge with integral abutment, finite element analysis was performed for the model of different skew angle from 90。 to 50。. Comparison of stresses at pile and abutment was made for each case. It is found that effect of temperature change is major factor to influence the behavior of skewed integral abutment bridge.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.713-723
• /
• 2017

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are effective lateral systems which have high initial stiffness, appropriate ductility and energy dissipation capability. Recently, steel plate shear walls with low yield point strength (LYP), were introduced and they attracted the attention of designers. Structures with this new system, besides using less steel, are more stable. In the present study, the effects of plates with low yield strength on the seismic design parameters of steel frames with steel plate shear walls are investigated. For this purpose, a variety of this kind of structures with different heights including the 2, 5, 10, 14 and 18-story buildings are designed based on the AISC seismic provisions. The structures are modeled using ANSYS finite element software and subjected to monotonic lateral loading. Parameters such as ductility (${\mu}$), ductility reduction ($R_{\mu}$), over-strength (${\Omega}_0$), displacement amplification ($C_d$) and behavior factor (R) of these structures are evaluated by carrying out the pushover analysis. Analysis results indicate that the ductility, over-strength and behavior factors decrease by increasing the number of stories. Also, the displacement amplification factor decreases by increasing the number of stories. Finally, the results were compared with the suggestions provided in the AISC code for steel plate shear walls. The results indicate that the values for over-strength, behavior and displacement amplification factors of LYP steel plate shear wall systems, are larger than those proposed by the AISC code for typical steel plate shear wall systems.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.5 no.4 s.18
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2005

Composite slab structures consisted with steel deck plate and concrete material show generally anisotropic structural behavior because of different stiffness between the major direction and sub-direction of deck plate, and also the structures can be regarded as the laminated slab structures. It is necessary for the composite deck slab structures to carry out the exact vibration analysis to evaluate the serviceability. Also, it is needed to evaluate the exact structural behavior of composite deck slab with a layered orthotropic materials. In this paper, the thickness of topping concrete and deck plate are used to calculate the material coefficient stiffness of a sub-direction, and an equivalent depth calculated from sectional stiffness of concrete and deck plate is applied to get the stiffness of a major direction. The stiffness of two layered composite plates with different depth is determined by laminated theory. It is concluded that the presented method can efficiently analyze the structural behavior of composite deck slab consisted with steel deck plate and concrete material in the practical engineering field.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.839-847
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study investigates mechanical behavior of functionally graded (FG) carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (CNTRC) plate in flexure. Isogeometric analysis (IGA) method coupled with shear deformable theory of higher-order (HSDT) to analyze the nonlinear bending response is presented. Method: Shear deformable plate theory into which a polynomial shear shape function and the von Karman type geometric nonlinearity are incorporated is used to derive the nonlinear equations of equilibrium for FG-CNTRC plate in bending. The modified Newton-Raphson iteration is adopted to solve the system equations. Result: The dispersion pattern of carbon nanotubes, plate geometric parameter and boundary condition have significant effects on the nonlinear flexural behavior of FG-CNTRC plate. Conclusion: The proposed IGA method coupled with the HSDT can successfully predict the flexural behavior of FG-CNTRC plate.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.12a
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2002

This paper describes a simulation model for estimation the performance of the swash plate type compressor for automotive air conditioning system. The model includes consideration of both the compression process and the dynamic behavior. Also, this study compares the results obtained from the performance simulation with experimental results. Further, the effects of the inclined angle of swash plate on the performance of swash plate type compressor are discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.83 no.5
• /
• pp.609-615
• /
• 2022

A numerical approach for dynamic stability analysis of sandwich plates has been provided using Chebyshev-Ritz-Bolotin approach. The sandwich plate with porous core has been formulated according to a higher-order plate. All of material properties are assumed to be dependent of porosity factor which determines the amount or volume of pores. The sandwich plate has also been assumed to be under periodic in-plane loading of compressive type. It will be shown that stability boundaries of the sandwich plate are dependent on static and dynamical load factors, porosity factor, porosity variation and core thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2006

Metallic sandwich plate with a truss core has metallic inner structures which have low relative density between a pair of metal skin sheets or face sheets. In this work, low impact tests have been carried out to examine the behavior of sandwich plates with a pyramidal truss core. For the low velocity impact, the impact apparatus of drop weight type has been fabricated. From the results of the experiments, maximum energy absorption is found to happen when the upper sheet fails. The sandwich plate loses its absorption ability as soon as the inner structures have been crashed completely and optimal core thickness has existed to maximize energy absorption. Comparing the metallic sandwich plate with the monocoque plate, the absorbed energy has been improved up to 160 % and the deflection decreased by up to 76%. As a result, the metallic sandwich plate with a truss core is shown to have good material for impact resistance and energy absorption.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.735-751
• /
• 2014

In the previous paper, authors proposed the unified equivalent frame method (UEFM) for the lateral behavior analysis of the flat plate structure subjected to the combined gravity and lateral loads, in which the rotations of torsional members were distributed to the equivalent column and the equivalent slab according to the relative ratio of gravity and lateral loads. In this paper, the lateral behavior of the multi-span flat plate structures under various levels of combined gravity and lateral loads were analyzed by the proposed UEFM, which were compared with test results as well as those estimated by existing models. In addition, to consider the stiffness degradation of the flat plate system after cracking, the stiffness reduction factors for torsional members were derived from the test results of the interior and exterior slab-column connection specimens, based on which the simplified nonlinear push-over analysis method for flat plate structures was proposed. The simplified nonlinear analysis method provided good agreements with test results and is considered to be very useful for the practical design of the flat plate structures under the combined gravity and lateral loads.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.49 no.5
• /
• pp.473-486
• /
• 2023

A through-railway bridge with an inclined girder has recently been applied to optimize the cross-section of a slender bridge structure in railway bridges. To achieve the additional cross-section optimization effect by the bolted end-plate connection, it is necessary to investigate the application of the bolted end-plate tension connection between the inclined girder and the crossbeam. This basic study was conducted on the application of the bolted end-plate moment connection of crossbeams to half-through girders with inclined webs. The combined behavior of vertical deflection and rotational behavior was observed due to the effect of the web inclination in the inclined girder where the steel crossbeam was connected to the girder by the bolted end-plate moment connection. Therefore, in the experiment, the deflection of the inclined girder was 1.77-2.93 times greater than that of the vertical girder but the lateral deflection of the inclined girder was 0.4 times less than that of the vertical girder. Moreover, the tensile stress of the upper bolts in the inclined girder with low crossbeams was clearly 0.81 times lower than that of the vertical girder. According to the results, the design formula for vertical girders does not reflect the influence of the web inclination. Therefore, this study proposed the design procedures for the inclined girder to apply the bolted end-plate moment connection of the crossbeam to the inclined girder by reflecting the design change factors according to the effect of the web inclination.