• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.113-126
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• 1995

점성토의 변형특성을 연구하기 위하여 공진주(RC)시험과 비틀전단(75)시험을 저변형률 및 중간 변형률하에서 실시하여 변형률의 크기,진동주파수,하중반복회수의 영향을 살펴보았다. 소 성지수가 이들의 영향을 평가하는데 중요한 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 실험에 사용된 시료로는 불 교란 실트 및 점토와 실험실에서 다져진 노상토를 사용하였다. 선형한계변형률이하에서 전단탄 성계수는 하중반복회수와 변형률의 크기에 영향을 받지 않았으며, RC시험에서 얻은 최소감소비가 1.1%에서 1.7%영역에서 존재하였다. 점성토의 선형한계변형률은 구속압과 소성지수에 따라 증가하였으며 사질토와 비교하여 넘은 선형영역을 보였다. 반복한계변형률이상의 변형률하에서는 전단탄성계수는 하중반복회수에 따라 감소하였지만 감쇠비는 영향을 받지 않았다. 진동주파수의 영향에 의해 RC시험에서 얻은 점성토의 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 RC시험결과보다 컸다. 전단탄성계수는 진동주파수의 대수증가에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였고 감쇠비의 경우 2Hz이하의 저주파수영역에서는 영향을 받지 않았다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2023

The main goal of the present study was to assess the effects of eggshell powder (ESP) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical properties of abaca fiber (AF)-reinforced natural composites. For this purpose, a limited number of indentation tests were first performed on the AF/polypropylene (PP) composites for different HNT and ESP loadings (0 wt.% ~ 6 wt.%), load amplitudes (150, 200, and 250 N), and two types of indenters (Vickers or conical). The Young's modulus, hardness and plasticity index of each specimen were calculated using the indentation test results and Oliver-Pharr method. The accuracy of the experimental results was confirmed by comparing the values of the Young's modulus obtained from the indentation test with the results of the conventional tensile test. Then, a feed-forward shallow artificial neural network (ANN) with high efficiency was trained based on the obtained experimental data. The trained ANN could properly predict the variations of the mentioned mechanical properties of AF/PP composites incorporated with different HNT and ESP loadings. Furthermore, the trained ANN demonstrated that HNTs increase the elastic modulus and hardness of the composite, while the incorporation of ESP reduces these properties. For instance, the Young's modulus of composites incorporated with 3 wt.% of ESP decreased by 30.7% compared with the pure composite, while increasing the weight fraction of ESP up to 6% decreased the Young's modulus by 34.8%. Moreover, the trained ANN indicated that HNTs have a more significant effect on reducing the plasticity index than ESP.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2017

Swelling and shrinkage characteristics of expansive fine grained soil cause volumetric changes followed by distress and damage to the structures. Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical, mechanical or any other means in order to enhance the engineering properties of the soil. Utilization of industrial wastes in soil stabilization is cost effective and environment friendly. This paper presents an experimental study on stabilization of expansive soil using industrial wastes, viz. fly ash and dolochar. The paper includes the evaluation of engineering properties like unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) of expansive soil collected from Balasore district of Odisha stabilized with fly ash and dolochar in different proportions and to predict the influence of these additives on engineering properties and strength characteristics of expansive soil. Both fly ash and dolochar were found to increase the CBR and decrease many index properties such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, swelling index and UCS, thus enhancing the strength parameters of expansive soil.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2015

The rapid urbanization in Pakistan is creating a shortage of sustainable construction sites with good soil conditions. Attempts have been made to use rice husk ash (RHA) in concrete industry of Pakistan, however, limited literature is available on its potential to improve local soils. This paper presents an experimental study on engineering properties of low and high plastic cohesive soils blended with 0-20% RHA by dry weight of soil. The decrease in plasticity index and shrinkage ratio indicates a reduction in swell potential of RHA treated cohesive soils which is beneficial for problems related to placing pavements and footings on such soils. It is also observed that the increased formation of pozzolanic products within the pore spaces of soil from physicochemical changes transforms RHA treated soils to a compact mass which decreases both total settlement and rate of settlement. A notable increase in friction angle with increase in RHA up to 16% was also observed in direct shear tests. It is concluded that RHA treatment is a cost-effective and sustainable alternate to deal with problematic local cohesive soils in agro-based developing countries like Pakistan.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.827-836
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• 2016

The rate of softening is an important factor to determine whether the failure occurs along localized shear band or in a more diffused manner. In this paper, strength loss and softening rate effect depending on sensitivity are investigated for weakly cemented clays, for both artificially cemented high plasticity San Francisco Bay Mud and low plasticity Yolo Loam. Destructuration and softening behavior for weakly cemented sensitive clays are demonstrated and discussed through multiple vane shear tests. Artificial sensitive clays are prepared in the laboratory for physical modeling or constitutive modeling using a small amount of cement (2 to 5%) with controlled initial water content and curing period. Through test results, shear band thickness is theoretically computed and the rate of softening is represented as a newly introduced parameter, ${\omega}_{80%}$. Consequently, it is found that the softening rate increases with sensitivity for weakly cemented sensitive clays. Increased softening rate represents faster strength loss to residual state and faster minimizing of shear band thickness. Uncemented clay has very low softening rate to 80% strength drop. Also, it is found that higher brittleness index ($I_b$) relatively shows faster softening rate. The result would be beneficial to study of physical modeling for sensitive clays in that artificially constructed high sensitivity (up to $S_t=23$) clay exhibits faster strain softening, which results in localized shear band failure once it is remolded.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.230-230
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• 2017

About 200 rice varieties for irrigated and rainfed lowland ecosystems were released in the Philippines, which were bred for improving yield under favorable conditions. Root plasticity plays key roles in maintaining crop productivity under abiotic stressed conditions. We hypothesized that some of these varieties possess root plasticity traits in response to water stressed conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the root system development and dry matter production of 14 randomly selected rice varieties (6 irrigated lowland and 9 rainfed varieties) under progressive drought (PDR) and soil moisture fluctuations (SMF) stress conditions. Two experiments were done in rootbox and line source sprinkler systems (LSS). Each of the varieties was subjected to well-watered (WW), PDR and SMF conditions during vegetative stage in rootbox system while the same genotypes were subjected to different intensities of drought stress under LSS. Under rootbox system, PDR and SMF significantly reduced shoot dry matter production in all varieties relative to their WW controls. Among varieties, NSIC Rc238 (irrigated lowland) showed the least reduction in shoot dry weight (SDW) in both PDR (by 11.8%) and SMF (by 26.9%) conditions. Less reductions in SDW of NSICRc238 were partially attributed to the promotion of L-type lateral roots, thus increasing total lateral root length by 24.2% and 30.7% under PDR and SMF, respectively. In LSS, SDW of NSIC Rc238 under mild drought stress (16-21% soil moisture content (SMC) had 31.8% reduction relative to its WW control (${\geq}22%SMC$) and had lower sensitivity drought index. Compared with the IR64 susceptible check and NSIC Rc9 tolerant check, NSIC Rc238 had higher SDW by 90.8% and 38.6%, respectively. Furthermore, no rainfed lowland varieties included in the experiment performed well under different water stress treatments. The results implied that some other irrigated lowland rice varieties may also possess drought dehydration avoidance root plasticity traits under water-stressed growing environments.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2016

서해안의 인천 및 화성지역에 분포하는 모래 및 실트 함유량이 많은 저소성 지반에 대해 피에조콘관입시험(CPTU) 데이터 및 강제치환 공법을 이용하여 부분배수 특성을 분석하였다. Powell과 Quarterman(1988)에 의한 과압밀비 $OCR={\kappa}(q_t-{\sigma}_{vo})/{\sigma}^{\prime}_{vo})$ 경험식은 모래함유량이 많은 서해안 저소성 실트 지반에서는 상대적으로 투수성이 커서 표준관입속도(2cm/s)하에서 콘관입저항력($q_t$)이 크게 평가되어 과압밀비가 크게 산정되는 경향을 나타냈다. Schnaid et al. (2004)는 간극수압계수($B_q$)-강도증가율($s_u/{\sigma}^{\prime}_{vo}$)-정규화된 콘저항($Q_t=(q_t-{\sigma}_{vo})/{\sigma}^{\prime}_{vo}$)을 함께 도시하여, 부분배수 유무를 판단하도록 제시하였는데, 인천 및 화성 지역의 CPTU 데이터의 50% 이상이 부분배수 상태를 나타내는 $B_q$ < 0.3에 분포하였다. 또한, 강제치환 시공과정 중 부분배수 현상으로 인해 원지반의 강도증가 현상이 발생되어 설계 예상 치환깊이보다 훨씬 작은 실측값이 얻어진다는 관점에서 실측 치환깊이와 동일한 값이 얻어지도록 원지반의 지지력에 대한 역해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 소성지수가 감소할수록 내부마찰각이 커지는 경향을 나타내며, 내부마찰각(${\varphi}^{\prime}$)이 $2{\sim}7^{\circ}$의 범위에서 분포하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2012

경기 서해안 지역인 인천 청라지구 및 송도지구, 경기 안산 시화지구 연약지반의 공학적 특성을 파악하고 각 지역에서 수행된 실내시험, 현장베인전단시험과 피에조콘 관입시험 결과를 분석하여 압축지수의 상관식, 피에조콘계수 산정 등의 결과를 도출하였다. 액성한계, 소성지수, 함수비, 간극비, 압축지수는 지반심도에 따라 분포경향이 유사하게 나타나므로 이러한 인자들은 상호 관련이 있으며 지역적 특성을 평가할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구 지역에서 실시된 실내시험으로부터 각 지역 연약점토의 공학적 특성을 규명하고자 물리적 특성과 압축지수의 상관성을 분석하여 각각 상관관계식을 제안하였다. 그리고 현장베인전단시험과 삼축 압축시험에 의한 비배수전단강도를 기준강도로 하여 경험적 방법에 의해 산정한 피에조콘계수를 비교한 결과 모든 지역에서 상관관계가 높은 피에조콘계수인 $N_{kT}$를 연구지역의 콘계수를 제안하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2018

Tianjin, which is located on the west shore of the Bohai Sea, is part of China's Circum-Bohai-Sea Region, where very weak clay is deposited. From the 1970s to the early $21^{st}$ century, Tianjin marine clay deposits have been the subject of numerous geotechnical investigations. Because of these deposits' geological complexity, great depositional thickness, high water content, large void ratio, excessive settlement, and low shear strength, the geotechnical properties of Tianjin marine clay need to be summarized and evaluated based on various in situ and laboratory tests so that Tianjin can safely and economically sustain more infrastructure in the coming decades. In this study, the properties of Tianjin marine clay, especially its consolidation properties, are summarized, evaluated and discussed. The focus is on establishing correlations between the geotechnical property indexes and mechanical parameters of Tianjin marine clay. These correlations include the correlations between the water content and the void ratio, the depth and the undrained shear strength, the liquid limit and the compression index, the tip resistance and the constrained modulus, the plasticity index and the ratio of undrained shear strength and the preconsolidation pressure. In addition, the primary consolidation properties of Tianjin marine clay, such as the intrinsic compression line (ICL), sedimentation compression line (SCL), compression index, $C_c$, coefficient of consolidation, $C_v$, and hydraulic conductivity change index, $C_{kv}$, are evaluated and discussed. A secondary consolidation property, i.e., the secondary compression index, $C_a$, is also investigated, and the results show that the ratio of $C_a/C_c$ for Tianjin marine clay can be used to calculate $C_a$ in secondary consolidation settlement predictions.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1989

본 논문은 주택공사의 실내토질시험자료,국립중앙기상대의 기상자료 및 국립건설시험기의 동결 심도 실측자료를 이용하여 우리나라 동결토의 토군 및 동결심도를 유계적으로 분석한 것이다. 이 논과에서 분석한 동결변수는 0.02mm보다가는입경의 비률, 소성지수, 동결지수, 흙의 함수비, 그리고 동결실측심도 등이다. 연구분석한 결과, 우리나라 전역의 동결심도는 지역 보다 흙에 따라 발생하는 차가 매우 큼을 확인하였으며. 1 B 4회 관측한 일평균기단으로 구한 평균 14연간의 최대동결지수를 산정하여 우리나라 57개 도시의 설계동결지수 재포도를 작성 제시하였다. 동결지수와 동결심도와의 관계에 서 산정된 평균직선식을 보정한 t-분포의 99.9% 신뇌상한선을 예상최대동결심도로 실용화 할 수 있는 새로운 기법을 제안하였다.