• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation condition and diagnose the drought-tolerance of three wild edible greens belonging to genus of Ligularia by using pressure-volume curves methods. The result of the original bulk osmotic pressure at maximum turgor ${\Psi}_{\circ}{^{sat}}$ was -0.8 MPa in Ligularia fischeri and L. stenocephala, which was somewhat lower than the value, -0.7 MPa, in L. fischeri var. spiciformis. In addition, the values of the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis ${\Psi}_{\circ}{^{tlp}}$ in L. fischeri and L. stenocephala, both of which were -0.9 MPa, These were slightly lower than that of -0.8 MPa in L. fischeri var. spiciformis. On the other hand, it appeared that the values of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity $E_{max}$ of L. fischeri and L. stenocephala were approximately two times higher than that of L. fischeri var. spiciformis. However, There was a distinct difference between the values of the relative water contents in these three species. Therefore, Ligularia spp, occurring incipient plasmolysis in the high water contents, have a relatively low property of drought-tolerance, suggesting that growth of those Ligularia spp. are appropriate for relative moisture forest.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2006

To study simultaneous water and solute transport kinetics during soaking in concentrated solution, the influence of the concentration and molecular weight of the solute(polyethylene glycol(PEG) and NaCl) in the soaking solution and the temperature on the water loss and solute gain rates were observed by using a model vegetable tissue(potato). When potato slices$(4cm{\times}4cm{\times}0.1cm)$ soaked in 60% PEG solutions, the water loss rate of the early phase decreased with increasing of the molecular weight of PEG from 200 to 6,000, while the final water loss increased with increasing the molecular weight of PEG and it reached to 80%. The cell wall of potato tissue was permeable to NaCl and PEGs of which average molecular weight is smaller than 400 but it was not permeable to PEG 600 and larger molecules. PEG which has average molecular weight below 600 induced plasmolysis and those above 600 induced cytorrhysis. The water loss rate of potato sample soaked in smaller molecular weight PEG solution was faster than those soaked in higher molecular weight PEG solution before cytorrhysis happened. The water loss rate was reversed after cytorrhysis happened. The volume change of potato within the first 60 minutes was larger in low molecular PEG solution but the final ratio of decreasing volume was larger in high molecular PEG solutions. In PEG 200 solution, the potato tissue was slightly shrinked without shape change. However, in PEG 4,000 solution, volume of potato was reduced significantly and potato tissue was twisted.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2010

Determining plant moisture characteristics is an essential study not only for cultivation, but also for ex-situ conservation. In this study, employing pressure-volume curve we examined moisture characteristics of Rhododendron micranthum, known as rare plant, with the aim of its ex-situ conservation. Several individuals growing in Mt. Worak, Youngwol-gun Yeonha-ri and Bongwa-gun Seokpo-ri were selected for this study, from which we collected leaves. The original bulk osmotic pressure at maximum turgor(${{\Psi}_o}^{sat}$)was -1.5 MPa in those of Mt. Worak and Seokpo-ri, which is somewhat lower than that of Yeonha-ri(-1.2 MPa). It appeared that the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis(${{\Psi}_o}^{tlp}$) of leaves collected in both Mt. Worak and Seokpo-ri were -1.29 MPa, and -1.26 MPa, respectively, which are lower than that of Yeonha-ri(-1.02MPa). Maximum bulk modulus of elasticity($E_{max}$) was 14.0 MPa, 8.67 MPa in leaves collected from both Seokpo-ri and Mt. Worak, respectively, those value of which were approximately 3 times higher than that of Yeonha-ri(4.00 MPa). The values of $RWC_{tlp}$(Relative water content at incipient plasmolysis) of leaves collected in three areas, were roughly 83%, suggesting that Rhododendron micranthum has relatively high capability of containing water. Our finding on moisture characteristics of Rhododendron micranthum is similar to those of other Rhododendron spp. We suggest that individuals growing in both Worak and Seokpo-ri, are preferable to those in Yeonha-ri for ex-situ transplantation since those individuals are found to have better drought resistance.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.90-93
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• 2003

The antibacterial activity of chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and an opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, was investigated. A concentration of 1 mg/1 was needed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while 100 mg/liter was sufficient for the growth inhibition of Candida albicans. The ion leakage of potassium and phosphate from E. coli cell and the penetration of ethidium bromide dye into it indicate that CAFC might be able to increase the cell permeability and consequently cellular leakage, thus leading to cell plasmolysis. Scanning electronmicroscope showed that E. coli cells treated with CAFC became irregular, swelling and expanded. In a field trial, control piglets showed average mortality of up to 60% within 3 days after the onset of diarrhea. In contrast, CAFC-treated groups without mortality was decreased to average 56% on the 1 st day after the treatment, and average 7% on the 3rd day. After then, piglets with diarrhea was not found.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Heracleum moellendorffii leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of H. moellendorffii showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor (Ψ_o^sat) was -1.0MPa, and that at incipient plasmolysis (Ψ_o^tlp) -1.2MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 28MPa, showing the sightly strong drought tolerance of H. moellendorffii. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWC^tlp and RWC^* were above 88%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψ_o^sat, Ψ_o^tlp, E_max, RWC^tlp and RWC^* of H. moellendorffii showed it's slightly high drought tolerance property.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of Oplopanax elatus showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor(Ψosat) was -0.77 MPa, and the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis(Ψotlp) was -0.90 MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 3.7 MPa, showing that slightly lower drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWCtlp and RWC^* were above 80%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψosat, Ψotlp, Emax, RWCtlp and RWC^* of Oplopanax elatus showed relatively lower drought-tolerance property indicating that those growth are appropriate in high moisture soil sites.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 1981

This study was to investigate ornamental trees injuries at the Tobong ornamental tree farm, which is located in Uichongpu City, Kyonggido. The injury was caused by $SO_2$ gas from the smoke of the vicinal factories. The results obtained are as follows: 1 The total concentration of sulfur in leaves was increased with incerased degree of injury The most severe injuries were found at the distance between 70-120m from the western boundary of the Tobong ornamental 4ree farm with a highest concentration of total sulfur at $0.5-0.6\%$. This means the injuries caused by the acute injury and the temperature changes. 2. Significant differences were found between normal and injured portion of the same trees in Juniperus chinensis. 3. Anatomical study of the leaf tissues, showed the plasmolysis occured both in spongy and epidermal cells, leading to shrinkage and destruction. An intercellular space and stomatal periphery became wider.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.477-481
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• 1992

As a series of fundamental research projects to produce doenjang (Korean fermented soy paste) of better quality, two kinds of doenjang were manufactured from a traditional meju (Korean soy bean koji) and the mixed with Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus natto, and histological changes in the cell structures of soy bean of the two were reported doenjang samples were observed and compared during the entire period of fermentation processes. Cell walls of the soy bean were ruptured by pressure and heat during the pressure cooking process and some of them were observed to have the ghost-like shapes. Remarkable differences in the plasmolysis of the cytoplasms were observed between the seed coat and the inner part of soy bean. Small vacuoles resulting from the fusion of the glycoprotein globules by protease and from the hydrolysis of the starch granules by amylase were also observed. Penetration of microorganisms was transferred from the seed coat to the inside of soy bean as the fermentation proceeded. Slimy substances were observed on the seed coat and the parenchyma cells of soy bean fermented with the mixed with Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus natto. Cell walls of soy bean became difficult to stain and they showed unusual, polygonal shapes as the fermentation proceeded. Samples fermented with the mixed with Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus natto showed more remarkable tendencies than traditional meju.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1986

Seasonal changes of water relations parameters were obtained from p-v curves in leaves of Quercus grosseserrata and Quercus acutissima. The osmotic pressure at full hydration, ${\pi}_o$, and osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis, ${\pi}_p$, were high in newly emerged leaves but decreased with leaf development in each of the species. Water deficit at turgor loss was 10 to 20% in each of the species during the growing season. Maximum bulk elastic modulus in cell walls at full turgor, Emax, rises rapidly with leaf development before senescence in each of the species. Seasonal change of number of osmoles solute in symplasm per dry weight, Ns/DW, was higher in Quercus grosseserrata leaves than Quercus acutissima leaves, while relative water content (Vp/Vo, $RWC^*$, Vo/Vt) was relatively constant in each of the species.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.19-26
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• 1987

The experiments were conducted to identify several factors affecting isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts in Solanum melongena var. fructualbo. Higher viable plotoplasts were obtained, when isolated in 1.5% macerozyme, 0.2% macerozyme, 0.6M mannitol, 0.01M MES, 0.2% BSA containing solution adjusted to pH 6.3 for 4 hours. One hour plasmolysis of the material before digestion of leaf tissue was effective for protoplast yield and viability. The method of washing and purification of crude protoplasts, ESS process with 0.7M mannitol and 0.6M sucrose solution. was the best way to get purified protoplasts with viability. As isolated protoplasts were cultured in 8P-KM medium at a density of $2.5{\times}10^4/ml$, the cells were enlarged after 3 to 5 days from culture, subsequently the cells were divided and resulted in colonies.