• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.513-529
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• 2001

For reconstruction of the bony defect, various artificial substitutes were developed. Among them, there has been a study of calcium phosphate coated bone substitutes for increasing attachment of osteoblasts in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of serum and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on calcium phosphate coated culture plate for the initial attachment, proliferation and activity of osteoblasts. After sampling the blood from white rats and concentrating by centrifugation, the amount of attachment of PDGF-BB and $TGF-{\beta}$ on the calcium phosphate coated culture plate was measured. Cultured HOS and ROS 17/2.8 cell was measured on attachment level and proliferation rate of osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase activity of HOS and ROS 17/2.8 cell was measured for studying on the activating rate of osteoblast. 1. Counting the amount of platelets of seperated plasma and PRP, the average number of platelets was 177,003 $cell/{\mu}l$ in plasma, and 1,656,062 $cell/{\mu}l$ in PRP, which was about 9 times as high as in plasma. 2. Amount of PDGF-BB deposited at calcium phosphate coated plate had increased by the total amount of plasma and PRP on the culture plate, whereas $TGF-{\beta}$had been deposited on the plate only when treated by $50{\mu}{\ell}$ of PRP(p<0.01). 3. After plating serum and PRP for 3 hours, we attached with HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell for 1 hour and 4 hours. There were no significant difference of the attachment between serum and control group, whereas there were significantly difference of the attachment between depositioning of PRP and control group. 4. After attaching plasma and PRP for 3 hours, cell number has much increased when HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell had been cultured for 48 hours(p<0.05). 5. After attaching plasma and PRP for 3 hours, concentration of alkaline-phosphatase has increased when HOS and ROS17/2.8 cell had been cultured for 48 hours(p<0.01). These results suggested that PRP affected on initial cell attachment rather than proliferation and activation of osteoblasts at calcium phosphate coated plate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 1998

Plasma and milk samples of 24 periparturient Holstein cows were collected from 1 week prepartum to 10 week postpartum to measure the effects of parity on mineral status in periparturient cows. Cows were fed mainly mixed ration with the concentrate supplement during the experimental period to meet nutrient requirement of dairy cattle for TDN, protein, and minerals, Plasma Ca of cows decrease as parity increased, but plasma Mg, K, Fe and Zn were lowest in the first lactation cows. Plasma inorganic P, Na, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by the parity. Plasma Ca, Fe and Zn of cows decreased at parturition, but plasma Mg increase. Plasma Ca of the first, second and third and more lactation cows at parturition were 9.65, 8.96, and 8.92 mg/dl, respectively. Colostral Ca, P, Mg, Na, and Zn were highest in the first lactation cows, although colostrum yield was lower. Milk yield from 1 to 10 weeks postpartum was lowest in the first lactation cows, but mineral concentrations in milk were not affected by the parity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.345-357
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• 2005

Prostaglandin plays a significant role in the local control of bone metabolism associated with periodontal disease. ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ is a natural $PGD_2$ metabolite that is formed in vivo in the presence of plasma. It is known for ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ to stimulate calcification in osteoblastic cells. Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) stimulated osteoblastic differentiation in various types of cells and greatly enhanced healing of bony defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of rhEMP-2 on ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in vitro. A human osteosarcoma cells line Saos-2 were cultured. In the test groups, 10-7M of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ or mixture of 10-8M of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ and 100ng/ml of rhBMP-2 or 100ng/ml of rhEMP-2 were added to culture media. After 1 day, 2 days and 4 days of culture period, the cell number was measured. Alkaline phosphatase activity was measure at 3 days. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression of mRNA of bone matrix protein at 8 hours, 1 day and 7 days. The ability to produce mineralized nodules in rat osteoblasts(MC3T3-E1) was evaluated at 21 days. The results were as follows : 1. rhEMP-2 or mixture of rhBMP-2 and ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ inhibited cell proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. 2. rhEMP-2 or mixture of rhBMP-2 and ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity significantly higher than ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ alone. 3. rhBMP-2 or mixture of rhEMP-2 and ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ stimulated mineralization compared to ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ alone. 4. mRNA of alkaline phosphatase, BMP-2, cbfa 1, Type I collagen were detected in the group treated with ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$/rhBMP-2, rhBMP-2 alone, ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ alone. These results show that mixture of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ and rhBMP-2 causes more bone formation than ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ alone while the bone formation effects of mixture of ${\Delta}^{12}-PGJ_2$ and rhBMP-2 are less than those of rhBMP-2 alone. Further researches would be necessary to clarify the interactions of these agents.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether increasing the Ti6Al4V surface oxide negative charge through heat ($600^{\circ}C$) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD) pretreatment, with or without a subsequent coating with fibronectin, stimulated osteoblast gene marker expression in the MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cell line. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes over time in the mRNA levels for osteoblast gene markers, including alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, collagen type I (${\alpha}1$), osteocalcin, osteopontin and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP), and the osteoblast precursor genes Runx2 and osterix. Results: Osteoprogenitors began to differentiate earlier on disks that were pretreated with heat or RFGD. The pretreatments increased gene marker expression in the absence of a fibronectin coating. However, pretreatments increased osteoblast gene expression for fibronectin-coated disks more than uncoated disks, suggesting a surface oxide-mediated specific enhancement of fibronectin's bioactivity. Heat pretreatment had greater effects on the mRNA expression of genes for PTH-rP, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin while RFGD pretreatment had greater effects on osteopontin and bone sialoprotein gene expression. Conclusions: The results suggest that heat and RFGD pretreatments of the Ti6Al4V surface oxide stimulated osteoblast differentiation through an enhancement of (a) coated fibronectin's bioactivity and (b) the bioactivities of other serum or matrix proteins. The quantitative differences in the effects of the two pretreatments on osteoblast gene marker expression may have arisen from the unique physico-chemical characteristics of each resultant oxide surface. Therefore, engineering the Ti6Al4V surface oxide to become more negatively charged can be used to accelerate osteoblast differentiation through fibronectin-dependent and independent mechanisms.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Zn is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth, and reproduction. The present study evaluated whether Zn deficiency would negatively affect bone-related enzyme, ALP, and other bone-related minerals (Ca, P and Mg) in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of the three different Zn dietary groups, such as Zn adequate (ZA, 35 mg/kg), pair fed (PF, 35 mg/kg), Zn deficient (ZD, 1 mg/kg) diet, and fed for 10 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. ALP was measured by spectrophotometry and mineral contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass, spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Zn deficient rats showed decreased food intake and body weight compared with Zn adequate rats (p<0.05). Zn deficiency reduced ALP activity in blood (RBC, plasma) and the tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) (p<0.05). Also, Zn deficiency reduced mineral concentrations in rat tissues (Ca for muscle and liver, and Mg for muscle and liver) (p<0.05). The study results imply the requirement of proper Zn nurture for maintaining bone growth and formation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

Changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured in rats administered with lead acetate to investigate the in vivo cytotoxic effects of lead and examine the usefulness of these in vivo cytotoxicity changes as indicators of lead exposure and diagnosis of lead poisoning. Rats were given once intraperitonealy with lead acetate (1.6, 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg b.w) and the changes of plasma DNA contents and serum biochemical values were measured at the time of 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of lead acetate. Plasma DNA contents began to increase at 2 hours after the administration of lead acetate in the treatment groups of 8, 40 and 200 mg/kg b.w dose-dependently and significantly compared with control group. These DNA increases of each dosage group were continued until 24, 48 and 72 hours and the maximum levels of DNA (4.02, 10.67 and 14.10 times of control) were arrived at 8, 8 and 4 hours after the each treatment, respectively. Among 10 serum biochemical indicators, the activities of creatine kinase were increased to maximum level (6.55 times of control) at 2 hours after the administration and remained to be significantly higher than that of control by 8 hours in the treatment group of 200 mg, however, after 48 hours, the levels in the treatment groups of 40 mg above were lower than that of control. The values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were higher than that of control from 2 to 24 hours in the treatment group of 200 mg. Maximum levels of these enzymes were 3.34, 3.00 and 3.19 times of control, respectively. Both of alkaline phosphatase and triglyceride values in the treatment groups were decreased compared with control. In the case of alka-line phosphatse, the values were significanly decreased from 24 hours and more severely decreased until 72 hours in the treatment groups of 40 mg above (p<0.01). The minimum value was 0.36 times of control in the 200 mg group. The values of triglyceride were significantly decreased in the tratment groups of 40 mg above (p<0.01), but the values were not different significantly among the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that plasma DNA content and serum biochemical values such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and triglyceride are valuable as biomarkers for exposure assessment and diagnosis of lead poisoning.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 1997

Sixteen holstein heifers were employed to study the effect of thermal stress on rectal temperature and mineral status of heifers around parturition during hot and cool weather. During the hot weather, rectal temperatures of the heifers measured at 08:30 and 15:30 h from 7 d prepartum to parturition were higher than those during the cool weather. Blood hematocrit and hemoglobin were not significantly different between the hot and cool weather, but at 2 and 1 wk prepartum, those during the hot weather were higher. Plasma Ca, inorganic P and Fe of the heifers during the hot weather were higher than those during the cool weather, but plasma Mg and Zn and serum alkaline phosphatase during the hot weather were lower. Colostral protein and Mg of heifers at parturition during the hot weather were lower than those during the cool weather, but colostral Ca, P, Fe and Zn were not affected by the weather.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2021

Purpose: The atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) has been introduced as an effective disinfection method for titanium surfaces due to their massive radical generation at low temperatures. Helium (He) has been widely applied as a discharge gas in APPJ due to its bactericidal effects and was proven to be effective in our previous study. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effects of He-APPJ application at both the cell and tissue levels. Methods: Cellular-level responses were examined using human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cells). He-APPJ was administered to the cells in the experimental group, while the control group received only He-gas treatment. Immediate cell responses and recovery after He-APPJ treatment were examined in both cell groups. The effect of He-APPJ on osteogenic differentiation was evaluated via an alkaline phosphatase activity assay. In vivo, He-APPJ treatment was administered to rat calvarial bone and the adjacent periosteum, and samples were harvested for histological examination. Results: He-APPJ treatment for 5 minutes induced irreversible effects in both human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts in vitro. Immediate cell detachment of human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts was shown regardless of treatment time. However, the detached areas in the groups treated for 1 or 3 minutes were completely repopulated within 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity was not influenced by 1 or 3 minutes of plasma treatment, but was significantly lower in the 5 minute-treated group (P=0.002). In vivo, He-APPJ treatment was administered to rat calvaria and periosteum for 1 or 3 minutes. No pathogenic changes occurred at 7 days after He-APPJ treatment in the He-APPJ-treated group compared to the control group (He gas only). Conclusions: Direct He-APPJ treatment for up to 3 minutes showed no harmful effects at either the cell or tissue level.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.429-434
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• 2011

Korean raspberry, Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), contains high concentrations of phenolic compounds, which prevent oxidative stress. To determine the effect of RCM on antioxidant capacity in humans, we assessed in vivo lipid oxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities from plasma in 15 healthy men. The subjects ingested 30 g of freeze-dried RCM daily for 4 weeks. Blood was taken at baseline and at the end of the study to determine blood lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, liver function, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. RCM supplementation had no effect on blood lipid or fasting plasma glucose concentrations but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. RCM supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase activities (P<0.05) but had no effect on lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that short-term RCM supplementation may offer health benefits by enhancing antioxidant capacity in a healthy population.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

Porous Ti compacts were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method and their in vitro and in vivo biocompatibilities were investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity representing the activity of osteoblast was increased when osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were cultured on the Ti powder surface. Some genes related to cell growth were over-expressed through microarray analysis. The porous Ti compact with 32.2% of porosity was implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats to confirm in vivo cytotoxicity. 12 weeks post-operation, outer surface and inside the porous body was fully filled with fibrous tissue and the formation of new blood vessels were observed. No inflammatory response was confirmed. To investigate the osteoinduction, porous Ti compact was implanted in the femur of NZW rabbits for 4 months. Active in-growth of new bone from the surrounded compact bone was observed around the porous body. From the results, The porous Ti compacts fabricated by spark plasma sintering might be available for the application of the stem part of artificial hip joint.