• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2013

This paper presented measurement results of scattering characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, plasma actuator is fabricated by parallel connecting of basic configuration of DBD plasma actuator, then plasma could be generated by applying 14 kV, 4 kHz of high voltage generator. In order to measure the scattering characteristics of DBD plasma, in this paper, two horn antennas and vector network analyzer are used to compare the S-parameter. Because of the structure of fabricated plasma generator, different result is obtained as antenna polarization changes. When antenna polarization is parallel to electrodes of plasma generator, the scattered field is reduced by 2 dB in maximum. In addition, for parallel polarization case, PEC is set up behind the plasma generator to measure backward scattered field. When the observation angles are $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, the amount of reduced scattered field is 2 dB in maximum at 5 GHz.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1813-1821
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to identify useful secondary traits for estimating genetic ability of milk production traits. We investigated the value of using plasma metabolites concentrations. Two hundred and nineteen cattle out of 271 had only milk production traits records (G1), 33 had only metabolites records (G2), and 19 had both milk production traits and metabolites records (G3). Fifty two calves with metabolites records (G2 and G3) were born from 1992 to 1997. Forty three calves (29 females, 14 males) were used from 10 to 90 d of age and the others (3 females, 6 males) from 10 to 60 d of age. A total of 566 records of milk yield, fat yield and protein yield for 240 to 305 d on 238 heads (G1 and G2) were collected The collected blood samples were divided into three age groups: AG1, 10 to 30 d; AG2, 40 to 60 d; and AG3, 70 to 90 d. Heritabilities of milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were $0.45{\pm}0.04$, $0.50{\pm}0.04$ and $0.38{\pm}0.04$, respectively. Heritability of plasma glucose concentration at AG1 was $0.45{\pm}0.08$. Genetic correlations between plasma glucose concentration and milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were -$0.35{\pm}0.28$, $0.64{\pm}0.24$ and $0.36{\pm}0.35$, respectively. When the plasma glucose concentration at AG1 was used to estimate genetic ability of these milk production traits, reliability of milk yield of animals without milk record increased 8.2%, fat yield increased 24.2% and protein yield increased 9.5%. Heritability of plasma total cholesterol concentration at AG3 was $0.83{\pm}0.04$. Genetic correlation between plasma total cholesterol concentration and milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were $0.58{\pm}0.21$, $0.42{\pm}0.20$ and $0.45{\pm}0.22$, respectively. When the plasma total cholesterol concentration at AG3 was using to estimate genetic ability of these milk production traits, reliability of milk yield of animals without milk record increased 19.0%, fat yield increased 9.6%, and protein yield increased 13.5%. The annual genetic gain is in proportion to the reliability of selection. These results show that the plasma metabolite concentrations would be useful for improvement of genetic ability for milk production traits in the genetic improvement in herd of cows, where half of the animals selected are from a herd without its own milk record.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 2002

Anemia is prevalent among pregnant women in Korea, and Fe deficiency anemia is a major nutritional problem throughout the world. Because studies of Cu, Mn, and Cr levels excluding Fe are rare, we were interested in changes in the nutritional status of these trace minerals and their relationship to hematogenesis. Accordingly, we determined the changes in plasma Fe, Cu, Mn, and Cr concentrations of maternal and umbilical cord blood during pregnancy, and evaluated the relationships between them at different time points during pregnancy. A total of 81 women participated in the study: 26 subjects in the first trimester, 23 in the second, and 32 in the third trimester. Plasma Fe levels were lower significantly (p<0.05) in the third trimester. Plasma Cu level ($\mu\textrm{g}$/dL) in each trimester were 86.6$\pm$13.8, 111.6$\pm$27.9, and 114.0$\pm$29.7, respectively; with significant increases (p<0.()5) in the second and third trimester. Plasma Mn concentrations (pg/dL) in each trimester were 212.6$\pm$89.0, 234.0$\pm$140.0, and 240.3$\pm$166.0, respectively and tended to increase, though not significantly, as the pregnancies progressed. The plasma concentrations of Cr (pg/dL) in each trimester were 3.7$\pm$2.0, 3.1$\pm$1.0, and 2.4$\pm$1.2, respectively; and was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the third trimester. In umbilical cord blood, the plasma level of Fe was 194.8$\pm$74.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, Cu was 57.5$\pm$10.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, Mn was 482.4$\pm$111.1 pg/dL, and Cr was 9.3$\pm$2.8 pg/dL. Plasma concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Cr of cord blood were 300 %, 50 %, 200 %, and 370% as compared to those of maternal blood in the third trimester. These results suggest that an active transport mechanism for the transport of Fe, Mn, and Cr from mother to fetus may exist, whereas, for Cu, the placenta appears to have a blocking effect on the transport from mother to baby.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.246-252
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• 2016

In this paper, reduction of monostatic RCS by DBD plasma is measured. For the calibration of monostatic RCS, S-parameters of two metallic plate in different sizes are used and the result is within 0.4 dB error. Metallic plate is put behind DBD plasma generator for measuring reduction of monostatic RCS by DBD plasma. To prevent arc discharge between metallic plate and DBD plasma generator, measurement is progressed spacing the interval between metallic plate and DBD plasma generator. As a result, maximum reduction of monostatic RCS is about 3 dB at 7.4 GHz.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1997

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20349 and 20351, new quinolones, were examined in rats after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analyses of DWP20349 an d DWP20351 in plasma, tissue, and urine were determined by both HPLC and bioassay(microbiological assay). The plasma concentrations of the drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives ($t_{1/2\beta}$) of drugs were about 114 min (DWP20349) and 105 min (DWP20351) after intravenous dosing, and were 77 min (DWP20349) and 79 min (DWP20351) after oral dosing. The volume of distrbution at steady-state ($Vd_{ss}$) and total body clearances ($Cl_t$) of DWP20349 and DWP20351 were 760 ml/kg and 1126 ml/kg, and 5ml/min/kg and 10 ml/min/kg, respectively. The extents of bioavailability if DWP20349 and DWP20351 after oral administration were 29% and 28%, respectively. 24 h urinary recoveries measured by bioassay were 1.8% (DWP20349) and 1.3% (DWP20351) after oral dosing, and 2.4% (DWP20349) and 1.9% (DWP20351) after intravenous dosing. Plasma protein binding ratios ranged from 87%-90% (DWP20349) and 61%-68% (DWP20351). These drugs were highly distrbuted by the order of lung, kidney, liver and plasma (DWP20394), and lung, liver, kidney and plasma (DWP20351) after 1 hour orally administered.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

Objective : The relationship between the total daily dose of clozapine given and the plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites(N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine N-oxide) and the effect of Glu158Lys (wild-type : Glu, 'H' ; variant : Lys, 'h') and Glu308Gly(wild-type : Glu, 'D' ; variant : Lys, 'd') variation in FMO3 gene on plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites was studied in schizophrenic patients. Methods : Trough plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites were measured in 34 schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. The genetic variation of 'h' and 'd' in FMO3 were analyzed in 21 among 34 patients. Results : A linear relationship between the total daily dose of clozapine given(mg/kg body weight per day) and the plasma concentrations(nM) of clozapine was revealed by regression analysis(p<0.001) in the 23 patients receiving a constant daily dose of clozapine for 8 days. The plasma molar concentration ratios of clozapine N-oxide/clozapine in 8 subjects with 'hh' or 'Hh' alleles were not different from those in 6 subjects with 'HH' alleles and the plasma molar concentration ratios in 6 subjects with 'dd' or 'Dd' alleles were not different from those in 8 subjects with 'DD' alleles. Conclusion : The effect of Glu158Lys and Glu308Gly variation in FMO3 gene on clozapine metabolism could not be shown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.4101-4101
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• 2001

Information of body composition (fat and protein) in living animal is important to determine the nutrients requirement. Deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution techniques, as one of isotope dilution techniques have been useful for the prediction of body composition. However, the determination of D2O concentration is time consuming and complicated. Therefore this study was conducted to develop a new method to predict D2O concentration in plasma using near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS). Four dairy cows in early lactation were used. They were fed total mixed ration containing conr silage, timothy hay, and concentrates to make 17.0%CP and 14.0 MJDE/kgDM. Dosing D2O was at week 1,3 and 5 after parturition. After dosing D2O, the blood was collected from hour 0 to 72. Blood samples were then centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain plasma. D2O concentration was analyzed by gas chromatograph (deuterium oxide analyzable system, HK102, Shokotsusyou) after extracted from plasma by liophilization. Plasma sample was scanned by NIRS using Pacific Scientific (Neotec) model 6500 (Perstorp Analytical, Silver Spring, MD) in the range of wavelength from 1100 to 2500 nm. Calibration equation was developed using multiple linear regression. Sample from one animal (cow #550; n: 74) was used for developing the calibration while the rest three animals were used for validating the equation. The range, R and SEC of the calibration set samples were 135-925 ppm, 0.93 and 48.1 ppm, respectively. Validation of the calibration equation for three individual cows was done and the average of NIR predicted value of D2O at each collection time from three weeks injection showed a high correlation. The range, r and 53 of plasma from cow #474 were 322-840 ppm,0.93 and 53.1; cow #478 were 146-951 ppm,0.95 and 39.8; cow #942 were 313-885 ppm,0.95 and 37.2, respectively. Judgement of accuracy based on ratio of standard deviation and standard error in validation set samples (RPD) for cow #474, #478 and #942 were 2.2,4.3 and 3.4, respectively. The error in application due to the variation between individual was considered smaller than the bias from collection period, however, this prediction can be overcome with correction of standard zero-minute concentration of blood. The results of this preliminary study on the use of NIRS for determination of D2O in plasma showed very promising as shown by a convenient and satisfy accuracy. Further study on various physiological stage of animal should be done.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.66-78
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• 2013

In order to develop of 80 kW RF plasma torch system, we achieved three-dimensional simulations for the extraction of more information as temperature in torch and fluid behavior analysis, etc. The position of powder injection tube, the plasma discharge characteristics with various input current and various length of ceramic tube, and the plasma temperature characteristics with process gas flow rate such those was simulated. RF thermal plasma torch designed by simulation was manufactured that was measured to the maximum of 89.3 kW power. The mass production using developed 80 kW RF thermal plasma torch system were investigated by characteristics manufactured of Si nano powder. The mass-production level of Si nano-powder was average of 539 g/hr and high yield rate of 71.6%, respectively. The particle size distribution $D_{99}/D_{50}$ of manufacturing nano-powder was investigated to 1.98 as a good uniform.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the treated discharge water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus ($7d-LC_{50}{\Rightarrow}100.00%$ treated discharge water, $7d-LC_{25}{\Rightarrow}85.15%$ treated discharge water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.605-613
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• 2022

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing supplementation of Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) up to 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma for growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs. Methods: Twenty-four pigs weaned at 24 d of age (initial body weight at 7.2±0.6 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block. The diets with supplementation of YL (0.0%, 1.5%, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat and blood plasma up to 1.6% and 0.9%, respectively) were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and body weight were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21. Fecal score was recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. Ileal digesta was collected for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Results: Supplementation of YL (1.5% and 3.0%) replacing poultry fat and blood plasma did not affect growth performance, fecal score and intestinal health. Supplementation of YL at 1.5% did not affect nutrient digestibility, whereas supplementation of YL at 3.0% reduced AID of dry matter (40.2% to 55.0%), gross energy (44.0% to 57.5%), crude protein (52.1% to 66.1%), and ether extract (50.8% to 66.9%) compared to diets without supplementation. Conclusion: Yarrowia lipolytica can be supplemented at 1.5% in nursery diets, replacing 0.8% poultry fat and 0.45% blood plasma without affecting growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of YL at 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma did not affect growth performance and intestinal health, whereas nutrient digestibility was reduced.