• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

Immature zygotic embryos of Eleutherococcus senticosus seeds matured rapidly within one month when the seeds comprising zygotic embryos were pieced to small size and cultured on 1/2 MS medium. Frequency of somatic embryos formation was declined rapidly when the zygotic embryos germinated and grew to plantlets. Embryogenic cells were induced by consecutive subculture of somatic embryos on MS medium with 1.0mg/L2,4-D. After heart-shaped somatic embryos were induced by suspension culture, these embryos were plated onto petri dish to support maturation of embryos. Germination of embryos occurred on medium with 5mg/L GA$_3$and transferred to culture bowl to stimulate the further growth. Frequency of soil survival of plantlets was influenced by soil mixture (perlite and peatmoss). The suitable combination of perlite and peatmoss was 1:5, and the soil survival rate was 78% after 4 months. The soil transferred plantlets were over-wintered in field condition after defoliation. New year sprouting of plants was achieved successfully and they grew to adult plants. These results indicate that the systematic procecure of plant production in E. senticosus for micro propagation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

Seed storage lipids of plants, essential for seed germination as energy supplier, have been used for humankind and animal as nutrition sources. Fatty acids of vegetable oils have the characters appropriate for industry based on their chain length, the position and the number of double bonds. So they are used as raw materials for lubricants, cosmetics, soaps, paints and plastics or as energy source such as bio-diesel. However, there is a limit that applies vegetable oils from typical oil crops for industrial uses, mainly because of the mixture of five common fatty acids. Therefore, identification of unusual fatty acids for industrial uses from diverse plant resources and metabolic engineering to produce unusual fatty acids have been carried out in Arabidopsis as a model for the study of oilseed biology. Here, we discuss the unusual fatty acids for industrial uses, the genes synthesizing them in lipid metabolism, and the current limits in production of transgenic plants accumulating unusual fatty acid in their seeds. In addition, we describe our work on metabolic engineering of Brassica napus for the production of the unusual fatty acid ricinoleic acid in the seed, because of its industrial uses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.119-130
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyze an availability of green roof soil based on the bottom ash soil and compost using sludge derived from food factory as comparing and analysing the growth of native plants. Analysing the physical properties and chemical resistance of 12 different type mixing soils which is mainly used in green roof, selected 4 types of soil, experiments were conducted to compare plant growth. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the soil 13(control), next soil 9(Pearlite : Bottom Ash : Compost = 20 : 60 : 20) and soil 10(Pearlite : Zeolite : Compost = 60 : 20 : 20) This result showed that native plants grow well in the soil based on the bottom ash and compost using sludge derived from food factory, and this soil type is determined that is available the green roof soil.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

Objectives : The objective of present study was to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of 20 Korean native plants on isolated rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE). Methods : Dried 20 plant materials were extracted 3 times with water, ethanol, or methanol for 3h in the reflux apparatus at 70 ± 5℃. Male SD rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and their aorta rings were isolated and placed in 10 ㎖ Krebs Henseleit (KH) buffer. While using an isolated organ-chamber technique, the aorta rings were maintained by bubbling with a gas mixture of 95% O₂-5% CO₂ at 37℃. Changes in isometric tension of aorta rings were recorded via isometric transducers connected to a Powerlab Data Acquisition System. Results : Among the 20 native plants, Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. rhizome, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruit, Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. root, Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser tuber, Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. tuber, and Dolichos lablab L. seed showed significant vasorelaxant effect on the contraction of aorta rings induced by PE. In contrast, Mertensia maritima subsp. asiatica Takeda whole plant, Ajuga decumbens Thunb. whole plant, Trigonotis peduncularis (Trevis.) Benth. ex Baker & S.Moore whole plant, Dioscorea quinquelobate Thunb. rhizome, Allium microdictyon Prokh aerial part, Momordica charantia L. fruit, Carthamus tinctorius L. flower, and Clematis terniflora DC. root constricted more the aorta rings precontracted by PE Conclusion : These results suggest that the possibility as useful herbal resources for the development of functional foods or medicines for hypertension treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 1990

This study describes on the erosion control effects of the several grasses and its mixtures for the man-made slopes. The grasses used for this experiment include cool-season grasses such as Festuca rubra L. (Creeping redfescue), Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass), Lolium perenne L. (Perenial ryegrass), Lolium multiflorum LAM. (Italian ryegrass), Festuca arundinacea Schrel. (Tall fescue), and warm-season grasses such as Eragrostis curvula Schrad. (Weeping lovegrass), Zoysia japonica Steud. (Zoysiass) and native plants (Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Hara, Lespedeza cuneata G. Don, Arundinella hirta var. ciliata K.) This study was conducted at Dan-kook University from April, 1988 to Octover, 1989. The results are summurized as follows; 1.Cool-season grasses covered the ground quickly in early stage, and weekened slowly during sumer season. Warm-season grasses and native-plants covered the ground slowly in early stage, but during summer season they grew vigorously, so outweighed cool season grasses. 2. The amount of aboveground growth of weeping locearass and underground growth of Artemisia prinoepts are quite differant from others. Since Arumdinella hirta has deep root system, it is thought to very useful protection of unstable for hrdro-seeding. Because cool-season grasses are useful for quick coverage, and native plants or warm-season grow well during summer season with the better compatability to weeds. 3.Mixture III(cool-season and warm-season grasses), mixtureIV(native spp. and Italian ruegrass), and mixtureV(native spp.) resulted in better control of erosion control on man-made slopes. Native spp. has equivallent capacity of erosion control compared to several foreign grasses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop revegetation methods for the restoration of the steep slopes by seed attached ripping net revegetation methods. In general, steep slopes with decomposed granite soils and ripping rock are easy to erode by precipitation and impossible to revegetate only using hydroseeding with core net mulching because of poor soil fertility. The Seed Attached Ripping Net Revegetation Methods(SALNRM) will be the most popular and sustainable methods to restore decomposed granite soils and ripping rock exposed slopes. The main results are summarized as follows; 1. The net size with $1.5cm{\times}1.0cm$ density was more suitable for growing plants, and increasing the ratio of the slow release fertilizer was better to make early coverage and to grow germinated plants. 2. The fertilizer bag made by the ratio of Peatmose : Vermiculite : Perlite : Quick release fertilize r : Slow release fertilizer = 10 : 2 : 5 : 3 : 4 (v : v) was the best for plant's growth. 3. According to the seed mixture experiments, even though not using foreign grasses, the SALNRM using native plants can make diverse plant composition. 4. The SALNRM will make same early ground coverage by only using native plants like using foreign grasses. The SALNRM would become the popular revegetation methods to restore decomposed granite soils and ripping rock exposed slopes in Korea.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2001

Constructed wetlands were typically cost less to build and operate, and require less energy than standard mechanical treatment technology but they have similar performance to centralized wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, they were constructed especially many in rural areas, where are small villages but not industries. Accordingly, plantless column tests were performed to investigate the possibility on using zeolite as a filter medium of constructed wetland for the wastewater treatment. $COD_{cr}$ removal efficiency was 94.63% at hydraulic load $314L/m^2{\cdot}d$ and filtering hight 100cm filled with a zeolite mixture. This zeolite mixture consisted of 1 : 1 by volume of a zeolite in the diameter range of 0.5 to 1mm to a zeolite in the diameter range of 1 to 3mm. According, hydraulic load $314L/m^2{\cdot}d$ was considered as optimal. Three zeolite mixture were used to determine the optimal mixing ratio by volume of a zeolite(A) in the diameter range of 0.5 to 1mm to a zeolite(B) in the diameter range of 1 to 3mm diameter. 1 : 3, 1 : 1 and only B in A to B by volume were tested at hydraulic load $314L/m^2{\cdot}d$ and filtering hight 100cm. $COD_{cr}$ removal efficiency was more than 89% at mixing ratios of 1 : 3 and 1 : 1 in A to B. Removal efficiency was lower at the column filled with only B. Removal efficiency was better at filter medium filled with mixing ratio 1 : 1 in A to B than with the other mixing ratios. Thus, it was found that the mixture of mixing ratio 1 : 1 in A to B was appropriate for filter medium of constructed wetland. Removal efficiency was higher in down-flow than in up-flow, and $COD_{cr}$ and BOD were removed best in 20cm filter height near feeding area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects on the growth of Sedum species by different soil in shallow green roof module system, and to find the best soil mixture. The experiment used a module system, 7cm soil depth, five types of soil mixture ratio, and it was carried out on 7th Hoar rooftop in December of 2010. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the P5C7P2V1, next P10C1P2V1 and P1P1V1, P1 and C1 showed very poor growth. This result showed that the soil mixture ratio (P5C7P2V1) in green roof module system with minimum management can contribute to the proliferation of rooftop greening in urban settings.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2020

Long-term exposure to environmental pollutants can impair the human skin's barrier function and promote skin aging mechanisms. The visible consequences of these effects are dryness, wrinkles, black spots and worsening skin sensitivity. As awareness of the effects of environmental stressors on the skin has recently increased, consumers' demand for cosmetics that can provide anti-pollution effects is increasing. In this study, the possibility of anti-pollution cosmetic material was investigated by measuring the inhibitory effect of free radicals using a mixture of Nypa fruticans Wurmb (NF), Saussurea neoserrata (SN), Codium fragile (CF) and Enteromorpha compressa (EC), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against irritation caused by dust. Combining the experimental results of a mixture of NF, SN, CF and EC by induction of fine dust stimulation, inhibition of inflammatory factors (PGE₂) and intracellular free radicals (ROS) by inhibiting effects were significant, indicating the possibility of use as anti-pollution cosmetics. The most plants used as sources of anti-pollution cosmetic ingredients contain antioxidants as active substances. In our highly industrialized and chemically polluted world, it is not surprising that most plants used as sources of anti-pollution cosmetic ingredients contain antioxidants as active substances. Considering our results, it can be suggested that this anti-pollutant consisting of NF, SN, CF and EC may be a good ingredient for skincare products for the cosmetic industry due to their antioxidant properties, which may especially alter skin aging.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

During the course of a severe accident in a light water nuclear reactor, large amounts of hydrogen can be generated and released into the containment during reactor core degradation. Additional burnable gases [hydrogen ($H_2$) and carbon monoxide (CO)] may be released into the containment in the corium/concrete interaction. This could subsequently raise a combustion hazard. As the Fukushima accidents revealed, hydrogen combustion can cause high pressure spikes that could challenge the reactor buildings and lead to failure of the surrounding buildings. To prevent the gas explosion hazard, most mitigation strategies adopted by European countries are based on the implementation of passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs). Studies of representative accident sequences indicate that, despite the installation of PARs, it is difficult to prevent at all times and locations, the formation of a combustible mixture that potentially leads to local flame acceleration. Complementary research and development (R&D) projects were recently launched to understand better the phenomena associated with the combustion hazard and to address the issues highlighted after the Fukushima Daiichi events such as explosion hazard in the venting system and the potential flammable mixture migration into spaces beyond the primary containment. The expected results will be used to improve the modeling tools and methodology for hydrogen risk assessment and severe accident management guidelines. The present paper aims to present the methodology adopted by Institut de Radioprotection et de $S{\hat{u}}ret{\acute{e}}$ $Nucl{\acute{e}}aire$ to assess hydrogen risk in nuclear power plants, in particular French nuclear power plants, the open issues, and the ongoing R&D programs related to hydrogen distribution, mitigation, and combustion.