• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

Wood is one of the main materials of wooden building. Hanok also uses wood as its main component. Recently, Hanok continues to be built. Wood is affected by the climatic environment. The growth of decay bacteria is activated at more than 80% relative humidity. The microclimate environment and moisture content were measured for architectural cultural properties that have been maintained for a long time as a wooden building. The method analyzed the measured data by distinguishing between cloudy and sunny days. In the case of the old house, Anchae moisture content was higher than that of Sarangchae. This seems to be due to the narrow front yard or the planting of trees. The microclimate environment inside the house began to decrease in humidity from 8 am. According to the survey data, the relative humidity was less than 80% from 9 am when there was wind around 4-6 am. It appeared an hour earlier than in the absence of wind. As a result, the time interval for dehumidifying of wood was widened. Therefore, the wooden building is open to the front so there is airflow under the eaves during the daytime and wind in the morning appear to be alternatives in order to lower the moisture content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.891-894
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• 1999

A field experiment was conducted with Calliandra calothyrsus of fifteen provenances to evaluate the variation in the condensed tannin content of fresh leaves. Plants were raised in a nursery for three months and planted in the field. Experimental design was line planting of double hedgerows (3 m long plot, 1/2 meter interval, 45 plants in each plot) with 5 replicates. Plants were lopped every 5 months and samples (10 different plants within a plot; 4 newly flushed leaves, 4 partially expanded leaves and 4 mature full expanded leaves from each of 10 trees in a plot) were collected and were put on ice before transfer to the laboratory. Proanthocyanidine was extracted in aqueous acetone, and total extractable proanthcyanidine (TEPA) and total proanthocyanidine (TOPA) were measured. In addition, proximate analyses were made of different provenances. Crude protein contents varied from 19.74% to 16.45%; in vitro organic matter digestibility ranged from 36.09% to 23.32%. TEPA content ranged from 11.22 to 16.01 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) and TOPA from 24.57 to 31.72 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) TEPA and TOPA had a positive correlation, whereas crude protein content of Calliandra was negatively correlated with TEPA and TOPA. Provenances, such as Georgesville (Belize), local, Coban (Guatemala), Patulul (Guatemala), Bombana (Mexico) can be selected on the basis of nutritive value of fodder.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigated the possibility of inactivating wilt germs (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici) using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in a hydroponic system. Recirculating hydroponic cultivation system for inactivation was consisted of planting port, LED lamp, water tank, and circulating pump for hydroponic and DBD plasma reactor. Two experiments were conducted: batch and intermittent continuous process. The effect of plasma treatment on Total Residual Oxidants (TRO) concentration change, Fusarium inactivation and growth of lettuce were investigated. In the batch experiment, most of the Fusarium was inactivated at a TRO concentration of 0.15 mg/L or more at four-day intervals. There was no change in lettuce growth after two times of plasma treatment for one week. The intermittent continuous experiment consisted of 30-minute, 60-minute, and 90-minute plasma treatment in 2 day intervals and 30-minute treatment a one-day; most of the Fusarium was inactivated only by treatment for 30-minute every two days. However, if inactivation under $10^1CFU/mL$ is required, it will be necessary to treat for 60 minutes in 2 day intervals. The plasma treatment caused no damage to the lettuce, except the 30 min plasma treatment ay the one-day interval. It was considered that the residual TRO concentration was higher than that of the other treatments.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.140-157
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• 2012

조선시대 조경관련 식물의 이용경향 그리고 서유구의 편저 '임원경제지'를 통해 본 식물의 심고 가꾸기에 대한 종예법(種藝法)을 추적한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, '임원경제지'의 제3지에 해당하는 '만학지'편은 총 5권(총론, 과실수, 덩굴식물, 수목, 기타)으로 구성되었는데, 식물의 명칭과 품종, 토양조건, 심고 가꾸기, 접붙이기, 병충해 치료 방법 등을 체계적으로 기술하고 있는 조선시대 대표적 조경 관련 문헌이다. 둘째, 조경관련 용어에 있어서, 종재(種栽, 나무심기) 또는 재식(栽植), 재수시후(栽樹時候, 나무 심는 시기), 이재(移栽, 옮겨심기), 작원리(作園籬, 울타리 만들기), 명품(名品, 품종명), 토의(土宜, 적합한 토양), 종예(種藝, 심고 가꾸기), 의치(醫治, 식물치료), 호양(護養, 보호하고 기르기), 정원(庭園, 뜰) 또는 원포(園圃), 포자(圃者, 뜰 관리자) 또는 원정(園丁) 등의 용어를 사용하였다. 셋째, 조선시대 대표적 조경관련 문헌인 '양화소록', '지봉유설', '산림경제', '임원경제지'에 나타난 식물종의 출현 빈도는 화훼류, 과실수류, 목류, 덩굴류 순으로 분석되었으며, 낙엽수의 비중이 상록수에 비해 3.7배 이상 높게 나타났다. 이러한 화목류 및 과실수류, 낙엽활엽수 선호경향은 풍토환경에 조화되는 자생수종의 활용, 계절미를 위한 심미적 가치, 꽃과 열매를 위한 과실수의 도입 등 이용후생 경향, 그리고 성리학적 가치기준에 의한 상징성 등을 들 수 있다. 넷째, 식재 최적기를 음력 1월로 제시하였고, 비옥토를 많이 붙여 분 뜨기 하며, 생육방향에 맞춰 묻혔던 높이만큼 복토하여 식재하고 버팀목을 세워 보호해야 함을 강조하였다. 특히, 식재 최적기를 음력 정월로 기술하고 있는 점을 감안할 때 오늘날 이식 시기 판단에 많은 시사점을 제시한다. 한편, 씨앗 심기는 1치(3.3cm) 정도 깊이가 좋고, 꺾꽂이는 1월과 2월 사이에 손가락 굵기의 가지를 5치(16.5cm) 길이로 심는 것을 권장하였으며, 과실수를 접붙일 때 남쪽으로 뻗은 가지를 쓰면 과실이 많이 달리는데, 정월에 전지하면 과실이 탐스럽고 굵어진다 하였다. 다섯째, 생울타리는 가을에 멧대추를 빽빽하게 심어 이듬해 가을 1자(30cm) 간격으로 행렬이 맞게 이식하고, 1-2년이 지난 이듬해 봄에 7자(210cm) 정도 높이로 엮어야 함을 제시하였다. 한편, 느릅나무와 버드나무를 섞어 심고 엮어주면 가지와 잎이 창살처럼 기이하고 아름다운 울타리가 만들어 진다 하였으며, 울타리 조성에는 탱자나무, 무궁화나무, 버드나무, 사철나무, 산앵두나무, 오가피나무, 매실나무, 구기자나무, 산수유나무, 치자나무, 뽕나무, 찔레나무 등 다양한 수종을 권장하였다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.68-81
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• 2023

본 연구는 도시화 과정에서 발생한 도시 내 폭염 및 미세먼지를 저감하기 위해 가로수의 간격과 배열에 기반한 시나리오를 설정하고, 저감 정도를 정량적으로 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 가로수 조성 시나리오에 따른 열환경 및 미세먼지 개선 정도를 분석하기 위해서 미기후 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 ENVI-met 5.0.2v 모델을 사용하였다. 가로수 간격에 따른 기온 분석 결과, 가로수의 간격이 좁아져 식재한 수목의 양이 많아질수록 낮 시간대의 기온이 낮아졌으며, 오전 및 저녁 시간대에는 가로수 간격에 상관없이 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 가로수 배열에 따른 기온은 배열이 증가하여 식재한 수목의 양이 많아질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만, 같은 양의 수목을 식재하고 배열의 간격을 넓힌 시나리오에서 기온 저감폭이 더 크게 나타났기 때문에 수목의 양뿐만 아니라 수관투영면적 역시 기온 저감에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되었다. 가로수 배열에 있어서 미세먼지 농도는 간격에 따른 결과와 차이를 보였는데, 이는 주풍향과 수목 식재 방향의 관계에 따라 미세먼지 농도가 변화할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 가로녹지에 의한 열환경 및 미세먼지 개선 정도를 정량적으로 분석함으로써, 가로수 조성·관리 기본 계획, 바람길숲 조성 사업 등 효율적인 가로환경 개선을 위한 정책 및 사업 추진에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

본 연구는 현재 방조제는 완공되었으나 지반이 약한 간척지에서 비닐하우스를 활용한 겨울감자 재배 가능성을 검토하고자 피복비닐 및 물관리 방법을 달리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시험토양은 사양토(문포통) 이었으며, 정식 당시 토양염농도는 0.42% 이었다. 2. 피복비닐종류별 출현속도는 흑색>배색>투명>녹색 순으로 흑색비닐에서 초기 출현속도가 빨랐고, 1일중 온도변화는 투명>배색>녹색>흑색 순으로 높았다. 3. 물관리방법별 토양중 염농도는 1주간격 점적관수가 2주간격 점적관수보다 낮았다. 4. 수확당시 지상부 생육은 1주간격 점적관수처리가 2주 간격 점적관수처리보다 초장이 컸고 경수와 엽수가 많았으며 지상부 건물중도 무거웠다. 5. 물관리방법간 감자수량은 1주간격 점적관수가 2주간격 점적관수보다 많았고, 1주간격 점적관수에서 피복 비닐종류간에는 투명${\geq}$흑색${\geq}$배색>녹색 순 이었다. 6. 항산화분석결과, 배색피복비닐 처리에서 총페놀과 DPPH 함량이 우수하게 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.96-102
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• 1981

본 실험은 홍화에 대한 파종기 7수준(3월 17일부터 5월 16일까지 10일 간격)과 질소 비료 5개 수준(무배비, 0.5배비, 표준비, 1.5배비 및 2배비)으로 각각 파종하여 알맞는 파종 적기 및 시비량 수준에 따른 형질간의 변이를 구명하기 위하여 상지대학 농학과 실습 포장에서 실시하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발아율은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소되고 발아세는 파종기가 늦어질 수록 증가하였다. 발아 최감기는 위의 결과와 반대로 반종기가 늦어질수록 단축되였다. 발아 소요 기간도 파종기가 늦어갈 수록 단축되었다. 2.초장, 분지수, 치경에서도 파종기가 늦어질 수록 감소되는 경향을 보여주었다. 또한 질소 시비량이 증가할 수록 초장 및 분지수는 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 3. 꼬투리와 1,000입중도 파종기가 지연될수록 감소되었고 1,000입중은 파종기가 이를 수록 무거워지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 질소 시비량이 증가함에 따라 꼬뚜리수와 수량에서토 현저한 증가를 보여 주었다. 4. 파종기 차이에 따른 등황색 및 등홍색 꽃의 중량은 4월 상순 파종구가 가장 무거웠다. 그러나 질소 시비량의 증가는 개화에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있었다. 5. 본 실험의 결과로서 파종 적기는 4월 상순이라고 믿어졌고 홍화 재배에서는 다비의 효과가 있는것으로 나타나고 있었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.205-205
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• 2022

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a major cereal grain crop of the world and It can be cultivated under high temperature and dry condition with high adaptability to the adverse environment. It is usually eaten with rice in korea and most of domestic sorghum cultivars have been developed by pure line selection and cross breeding. In prior studies, Hybrid cultivar (F1 seed) was known to improve 30-40% in yield and resist to disease and pest than pure line varieties due to hybrid vigor. Therefore, study on the hybrid sorghum is continuously necessary. In korea, hybrid sorghum cultivar have been developed, so we need to find methods seed production technology for supply and commercialization of hybrid seed cultivar. Female inbred line(A-line) and male inbred line(R-line) are needed for hybrid seed production. This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics and yield of hybrid sorghum according to the seedling period and planting rate between female inbred line(YSA1) and male inbred line (Sodamchal, Miryang 19). When the flowering period of two inbred groups in the process of hybrid seed production is coincides, hybrid seed production is increase. The female inbred line and male inbred lines were cultivated at Daegu in 2021. Two inbred lines were sown at intervals of 3 days and 7days and were evaluated flowering period. As a result, the flowering period of the female inbred line and male inbred lines were matched at the 7days interval. To find out optimal planting rate, two inbred lines were cultivated under different plating rate (4:2, 5:2, 6:2). Yield of YSA1/Sodamchal(F1) was the highest 130(kg/10a) in the 4:2 ratio and yield of YSA1/Miryang 19 was the highest quantity of 139(kg/10a) in the 6:2 ratio. The results of this study could be helpful for hybrid Sorghum seeds production.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1979

This study was conducted in order to find out the performance of rice transplanters in accordance with the change of the trans-planting days after pudding and the water depth flooding the paddy field at the time of transplanting : and thus to select the optimum paddy field preparation procedures for an efficient utilization of rice transplanters. The performance factors of the two different types of rice transplanters were measured during the first 6 consecutive days after puddling and with 3 different levels of water depth flooding the paddy fields. The results of this study were analysed and summarized as follows : 1. Wheel sinkage decreased very rapidly from 0 to 2 days after puddling and slowly from 3 to 5 days after puddling. 2. The depth of the test cone penetration decreased rapidly during the first few days after puddling. It was 17.8cm just after puddling, and decreased to 13.4cm one day after puddling. After 2 days, the rate of decrease was dampened, and after 5 days it kept constant value of 9.2cm. 3. Two days after puddling, the hill interval was 15.8cm (98.75% of the preset value) for broadcasted seedling rice transplanter with 3cm flooding depth : This value was the closest to the pre-adjusted value of 16cm. The general performance of broadcasted-seedling type rice transplanter was better than that of strip-seedling type rice transplanter. 4. Usually the working performance of a rice transplanter is evaluated with uniformity and adjustability of the hill intervals. The hill interval was the most uniform and closest to the pre-set value of 16cm when planted two days after puddling with 3cm of water depth. When it was inavoidable to plant 4 days after puddling with stripseedling type rice transplanter, it is advisable to let the water flooded somewhat deeper. 5. The percentage of missing hills including floating and burried seedlings was the highest just after puddling and ie decreased substancially until 3 days after puddling and then it increased again. Hence, the optimal time transplanting is to be between 2 and 3 days after puddling. 6. Better postures of planted seedlings were found when planter 2 days after puddling than 3 days after puddling. Six cm of flooding water depth always gave the best results with respect to the postures of planted seedlings. Broadcasted-seedling rice transplanter, in general, showed better posture of planted seedlings than did strip-seedling type rice transplanter. 7. Judging from the above results, the optimal conditions will be 3cm of flooding depth and transplanting between 2 and 3 days after puddling.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.84-84
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• 2022

The limit of crop cultivation is moving northward due to the temperature rise by climate change. There is a problem with crop growth if early sowing is performed at a time when the temperature is low. It is difficult to secure crop productivity and cultivation stability due to the low temperature and short cultivation period. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the change in growth characteristics and yield of corn for grain when early sowing is performed in central region of South Korea. This experiment was conducted at experimental field of Suwon in 2021. Three varieties of corn for grain such as Kwangpyeongok, Sinhwangok, and Hwangdaok were sown at intervals of 5 days from 20 March to 15 April. The planting density at this time was sown with a row interval of 70 cm and a plant interval of 25 cm. Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium fertilizers were applied at 17.4 kg, 3.0 kg, and 6.9 kg per 10a, respectively. Phosphoric acid and potassium fertilizers were all applied before sowing and nitrogen fertilizer was applied 50% before sowing and 50% in the fifth leaf period. The corn growth characteristics and yield components were investigated. The seedling establishment rate by sowing date was in the range of 68.5~88.5%, and it showed a difference depending on the variety. The range of days from sowing to tassel and silk emergence by sowing date was 79.9~98.4 and 81.0~98.9 days, respectively. As the sowing date was delayed, the days from sowing to tassel and silk emergence decreased. The growth characteristics and yield of corn by sowing date are as follows. Plant height was the highest at 241.3 cm at the sowing on 25 March, and Stalk diameter was the thickest at 25.6 mm at the sowing on 31 March. The fresh weight per plant was the highest at 728 g at the sowing on 25 March, and the dry weight per plant was the highest at 185 g at the sowing on 31 March. Corn growth characteristics did not show a certain trend depending on the sowing date, and corn growth was more vigorous at the sowing on March 25 and 31 than the others. In the case of ear weight, it was the heaviest with 344 g at the sowing on 25 March, and filled ear length ratio showed a tendency to decrease as the sowing time was delayed. The weight of 100 grains and grain yield per 10a of maize were the highest at 36.0g and 878.7kg/10a, respectively at the sowing on 25 March. Although the growth and yield of corn for grain were good during early sowing in the central region of South Korea, it is necessary to investigate the limit temperature for early sowing of corn by examining the annual variation according to weather conditions.