• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
• /
• v.10 no.1_2
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2005

Predatory nematodes are ubiquitous and feed on soil microorganisms including plant parasitic nematodes. They reduce populations of plant parasitic nematodes in virtually all soils because of their constant association with plant parasitic nematodes in the rhizosphere. Predatory potential of several species of predacious nematodes, belonging to the orders Mononchida, Diplogasterida, Dorylaimida and Aphelenchida, have been studied in detail on plant parasitic nematodes but most of the studies were based on in vitro experiments. A review of progress on the use of predatory nematodes as biological control agents of plant parasitic nematodes reveals that advocacy for predatory nematodes dates back to the early $20^{th}$ century; nevertheless, their potential has begun to be studied in recent years. Information on the efficacy of predatory nematodes under field conditions is lacking; however, some predatory nematodes have given very promising results against plant parasitic nematodes. This article summarizes research progress to date on predatory nematodes and discusses about their possible use in the management of plant parasitic nematodes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.446-454
• /
• 2021

Plant-parasitic nematodes are not only an important constraint on agricultural crop production, but also cause both direct and indirect damage to turfgrass, which is a ground cover plant. However, studies on plant-parasitic nematodes of turfgrass in Korea are scarce. A survey for plant-parasitic nematodes was carried out on 13 golf courses in Korea. The results yielded 28 species/taxa belonging to 16 genera and 12 families of plant-parasitic nematodes. Among the isolated species, Helicotylenchus microlobus, Mesocriconema nebraskense, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Mesocriconema sp., and Meloidogyne graminicola were the most prevalent species in all management zones. Twelve species were new records of plant-parasitic nematodes in Korea. Highest maximum densities were showed by T. claytoni, Paratylenchus nanus, M. nebraskense, M. graminicola, and H. microlobus. Diversity (H'), was significantly higher in fairways compared to tees and greens, though species evenness (J') and dominance (D) showed no statistically significant differences. This information is crucial in nematode problem diagnosis, and the subsequent formulation of management strategies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2012

Envioronmental concerns by use of chemical pesticides have increased the need for alternative method in the control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Biological control is considered eco-friendly and a promising alternative in pest and disease management. A wide range of organisms are known to be effective in control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Fungal biological control is a hopeful research area and there is constant attention in the use of fungi for the control of nematodes. In this review, plant-parasitic nematodes with reference to soils and biological control and nematophagous fungi are dicussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2005

A survey was conducted during February-March 2003 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fields, cultivated under plastic houses in major strawberry growing regions of Gyeongbuk and Chonbuk provinces, Korea. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes viz., Aphelenchoides fragariae, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hirschmanniella imamuri, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema sp. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable from field to field and within the field. Plant growth was not uniform in the surveyed fields under plastic houses; stunted growth, chlorotic leaves, small curled or crinkled leaves, deformed buds and flowers and wilted plants with fewer fruits were observed in patches.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.459-463
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the plant-parasitic nematodes of ornamental foliage plants, citrus orchards, and tea plantations from July to December 2022. As a result of the investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes in 415 foliage plants, root-lesion nematodes were detected most frequently, followed by root-knot nematodes, pin nematodes, and other nematodes. In tea plantations, spiral nematodes, cyst nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were detected. Citrus nematodes, ring nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were discovered in citrus orchards. In foliage plants, tea plantations, and citrus orchards, the detection rate of plant-parasitic nematodes was not high, but root-lesion nematodes were detected. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate control methods to manage root-lesion nematodes during the cultivation of foliage, tea, and citrus plants.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2016

As preventive measures for bonsai exports, nematodes were isolated from 55 bonsai samples of five coniferous species (Chamaecyparis pisifera, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, and Taxus cuspidate) from all 15 bonsai gardens in Korea. Nematodes belonging to 21 genera in 7 orders were isolated from the 55 bonsai samples. Among plant-parasitic nematodes, Tylenchus spp. was the most frequently isolated (14.9%), followed by Ditylenchus spp. (10.5%), Aphelenchoides spp. (9.5%), Aphelenchus sp. (5.5%), Criconemoides sp. (4.0%), Helicotylenchus sp. (0.7%), Hemicycliophora sp. (0.7%), Mesocriconema sp. (0.7%), Tylenchorhynchus sp. (0.7%), and Paratylenchus sp. (0.4%). Among nonparasitic nematodes, Cephalobina was the most frequently isolated nematodes (26.5%), followed by Rhabditida (19.3%), Dorylaimida (17.8%), Pangrolaimida (14.5%), Plectida (6.5%), Tryphylida (6.2%), Mononchida (3.3%), Alaimida (2.9%), Monhysterida (2.5%), and Triplonchida (0.4%). Based on these results, we conclude that there is no problematic plant-parasitic nematode in bonsai gardens of Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2023

The study was conducted to investigate the infestation and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on kiwi orchards in Korea. Plant parasitic nematodes genus and densities were investigated at a total of 102 sites in Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do, which are the main production areas of domestic kiwi orchards. Plant parasitic nematodes detected were of 9 genera, including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.), and needle nematodes (Paratylenchus spp.), and 56% of the 102 plantations were infected with root-knot nematodes. Root-knot nematodes were found to be the most important plant parasitic nematode in domestic kiwi orchards. The average density of root-knot nematodes is 97 per 300 cm³ soil, and there is concern about the kiwi yield reduction. As a result of identifying the root-knot nematode species: M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Among them, M. arenaria is the most dominant. As the plant parasitic nematode infection route in fruit trees is often spread through the transplantation of infected seedlings, attention should be paid to the production of nematode-free plants during the production and supply of kiwifruit plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2022

The conversion of rice-fields to uplands is increased in last 8 years due to the government's policy. To obtain basic informations on plant-parasitic nematodes in converted uplands, we surveyed nematodes associated with crops cultured on the ridge of the rice-fields. The crops mostly cultivated at the ridge of rice-field were soybean (66%), red bean (21%), and perilla (13%). Ten important plant-parasitic nematodes species were identified: Helicotylenchus sp., Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne arenaria, M. javanica, M. hapla, Paratylenchus projectus, Pratylenchus coffeae, P. neglectus, Rotylenchus incultus, Trichodorus sp. Tylenchorhynchus crassicaudatus, and T. claytoni. Among them, Rotylenchus incultus was the most common plant-parasitic nematode in all three crops. The ridge is a border of rice field, thus plant-parasitic nematodes infested on ridges should be cautioned for future cropping.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 2004

A survey was conducted during $April{\sim}May$ 2004 to determine the occurrence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) growing fields, in major ginseng growing regions of Chungbuk, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk and Kyongki provinces. The survey revealed presence of eleven species of plant-parasitic nematodes namely, Criconemoides morgensis, Ditylenchus destructor, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Meloidogyne incognita, M. hapla, Paratylencgus lepidus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Psilenchus hilarulus, Trichodorus similis, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni and Xiphinema americanum. Frequency and density of each species were highly variable. M. incognita and M. hapla were the predominant species, their infestation observed in 46.3 and 39.4% fields with an average density of $78{\sim}254\;and\;76{\sim}211$ nematodes per $300\;cm^3$ soil, respectively. Whereas, T. similis and X. americanum were rarely observed; only in 2.3 and 1.8% of surveyed fields and their density was $10{\sim}17\;and\;7{\sim}10$ individuals per $300\;cm^3$ soil, respectively. They are recorded herewith for the first time from ginseng fields of Korea. In nematode-infestated fields, stunted plant growth with chlorotic leaves, and wilted plants were observed in patches.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.306-310
• /
• 2012

Populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were evaluated in soil and root samples from areas planted with passion fruit, or covered with adjacent native cerrado vegetation, in five different cropping regions of the Brazilian Federal District. From July 2007 to January 2008, twenty samples had been collected in five Rural Centers (N$\acute{u}$cleo Rural-NR) planted with passion fruit. In five sites, samples were also collected in native cerrado vegetation. Specimens of nine genera of plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Scutellonema, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Xiphinema and Criconemoides) were found in the present survey. Important nematode pathogens, such as Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne spp. were observed in the passion fruit plantations throughout five major producing regions of the Brazilian Federal District.