• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2018

In vitro diagnostic veterinary medical reagents (IVDVMRs) were diverted the medical devices from medicine by the revision of the pharmaceutical affairs act enforcement regulations in 2015 in Korea. It classified into class I-IV according to risks of individual and public health. However, good manufacturing practices requirements on IVDVMRs were exempted from the current system. The registration of IVDVMRs by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency has gradually increased since 2012, and total of 584 products from 68 companies were registered from 1978 to 2017. Most of these items are clinical immunochemistry (infection disease), clinical immunochemistry (non-infection disease), molecular genetics, endocrinology, blood gas analysis, clinical microbiology, toxin, heavy metal and drug of abuse, other etc. The market size of IVDVMRs reported from the Korea Animal Health Products Association was estimated to be approximately 51.9 billion won in 2017. The domestic consumption and the export sales were approximately 31.2 and 20.7 billion won, respectively. They are increasing 23.9% (CAGR) in domestic consumption and 40.4% (CAGR) in export from 2011 to 2017.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) viruses cause vector-borne diseases. In this study, inactivated Akabane virus (AKAV)+Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccines with or without recombinant vibrio flagellin (revibFlaB) protein were expressed in a baculovirus expression system to measure their safety and immunogenicity. Blood was collected from mice, guinea pigs, sows, and cattle that had been inoculated with the vaccine twice. Inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine induced high virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer against AKAV and BEFV in mice and guinea pigs. VNA titers against AKAV were higher in mice and guinea pigs immunized with the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine than in animals inoculated with vaccine containing revibFlaB protein. Inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine elicited slightly higher VNA titers against AKAV and BEFV than the live AKAV and live BEFV vaccines in mice and guinea pigs. In addition, the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine was safe, and induced high VNA titers, ranging from 1 : 64 to 1 : 512, against both AKAV and BEFV in sows and cattle. Moreover, there were no side effects observed in any treated animals. These results indicate that the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine could be used in cattle with high immunogenicity and good safety.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2015

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2014

Among imported plants, seeds are the items that have many latent pathogens and are difficult to inspect. Also, they are the import and export items whose market is expected to expand. The biggest problem with seeds is viruses. Prune dwarf virus (PDV) is the virus that is commonly inspected in Prunus cerasifera, P. persica, P. armeniaca, P. mandshurica, P. cerasus, P. avium or P. serotina seeds. In this study, two RT-PCR primer sets, which can promptly and specifically diagnose plant quarantine seed-transmitted PDV, were developed; and nested PCR primers, where products amplify 739 and 673 nucleotides (nt), and an nested PCR-product, 305 nt, can be obtained as these products are amplified again, were developed. Also, a modified-positive control plasmid was developed, where the restriction enzyme XhoI, which can identify the contamination of samples from the control, was inserted. The method developed in this study has detected PDV in 18 cases since 2007, and is expected to continuously contribute to the plant quarantine in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

Getah virus (GETV) infection causes sporadic outbreaks of mild febrile illness in horses and reproductive failure in pigs. In this study, we established a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect GETV from suspected virus-infected samples. The reaction conditions were optimized and validated by using RNA extracted from GETV propagated in cell culture. A GETV-specific GED4 primer set was designed and used to amplify a 177 bp DNA fragment from a highly conserved region of the E1 glycoprotein gene in the GETV genome. RT-PCR performed with this primer set revealed high sensitivity and specificity. In the sensitivity test, the GED4 primer set detected GETV RNA at the level of $10^{2.0}\;TCID_{50}/mL$. In the specificity test, the GED4 primer set amplified only a single band of PCR product on the GETV RNA template, without non-specific amplification, and exhibited no cross-reactivity with other viral RNAs. These results suggest that this newly established RT-PCR method is useful for accurate identification of GETV infection in animals.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.129-131
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• 2012

Blood samples were collected from 672 goats in 60 farms from five provinces of Korea between November 2009 and August 2011. The prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated. The examination for antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV). All blood samples were screened using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer pairs specific to common pestivirus genome regions. The observed individual seroprevalence was 1.49% and herd seroprevalence was 11.67%. Also, the specific genomes to pestiviruses were detected in 3 out of the 915 clinical samples (0.45%). Based on the nucleotide sequence data, detected pestiviruses were belonged to two BVDV type-1 and one BVDV type-2. The pestivirus infection has been occurred among Korean black goats. However, our results indicate that the prevalence of pestiviruses in black goats was not significantly higher on farms with cattle.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.16
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• 2023

The H9N2 avian influenza (AI) has become endemic in poultry in many countries since the 1990s, which has caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. Considering the long history of the low pathogenicity H9N2 AI in many countries, once H9N2 AI is introduced, it is more difficult to eradicate than high pathogenicity AI. Various preventive measures and strategies, including vaccination and active national surveillance, have been used to control the Y439 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea, but it took a long time for the H9N2 virus to disappear from the fields. By contrast, the novel Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI was introduced in June 2020 and has spread nationwide. This study reviews the history, genetic and pathogenic characteristics, and control strategies for Korean H9N2 AI. This review may provide some clues for establishing control strategies for endemic AIV and a newly introduced Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2016

Major diseases in grafted cacti have been reported and Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris cactivora, Phytophthora spp. and Collectotrichum spp. are known as causal pathogens. These pathogens can lead to plant death after infection. Therefore, some European countries have quarantined imported cacti that are infected with specific fungal pathogens. Consequently, we developed PCR detection methods to identify four quarantined fungal pathogens and reduce export rejection rates of Korean grafted cacti. The pathogen specific primer sets F.oF-F.oR, B.CF-B.CR, P.nF-P.nR, and P.cF-P.CR were tested for F. oxysporum, B.cactivora, P. nicotinae, and P. cactorum, respectively. The F.oF-F.oR primer set was designed from the Fusarium ITS region; the B.CF-B.CR and P.nF-P.nR primers respectively from Bipolaris and Phytophthora ITS1; and the P.cF-P.CR primer set from the Ypt1protein gene region. The quarantine fungal pathogen primer pairs were amplified to the specific number of base pairs in each of the following fungal pathogens: 210-bp (F. oxysporum), 510-bp (B. cactivora), 313-bp (P. nicotinae), and 447-bp (P. cactorum). The detection limit for the mono- and multiplex PCR primer sets was 0.1 ng of template DNA under in vitro conditions. Therefore, each primer set successfully diagnosed contamination of quarantine pathogens in export grafted cacti. Consequently, our methodology is a viable tool to screen contamination of the fungal pathogen in exported grafted cacti.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

카네이션은 세계 3대 절화용 화훼작물의 하나로, 농가 생산액 210억 원에 이르는 주요작물이다. 이들은 절화, 종자, 묘 및 삽수의 4 품목으로 수출입 되고 있다. 카네이션과 같은 영양번식성 작물의 경우, 증식하는 과정 중에 바이러스의 확산과 전파가 용이한데, 우리나라에서는 카네이션괴저바이러스(CNFV)와 카네이션둥근반점바이러스(CRSV)를 식물검역 바이러스로 지정하여 수입검사를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CNFV와 CRSV를 신속, 정밀하고 쉽게 진단할 수 있는 특이적인 프라이머를 고안하였으며, 높은 검출 감도를 가지는 nested 프라이머 조합을 개발하였다. CNFV를 검사하기 위해 최종 선발된 특이적인 프라이머는 2 세트로 288과 447 bp를, CRSV를 검사하기 위해 최종 선발된 특이적인 프라이머는 2 세트로 503과 549 bp를 증폭하였다. CNFV의 nested는 2 세트 모두 147 bp로 동일하며, CRSV는 각각 395와 347 bp의 밴드를 증폭하였다. 또한, 실험의 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여, 증폭산물에 염기서열 6개를 삽입한 플라스미드를 제작하여 양성대조구로 활용하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 방법은, 향후 CNFV와 CRSV에 대한 신속, 정밀한 국경검역을 지원할 수 있을 것이라고 기대된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.121-134
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• 1976

1) 우리나라가 외국(外國)과 식물(植物), 농산물무역(農産物貿易)을 시작한 20세기초이후(世紀初以後) 현재(現在)까지 여러가지 식물병원균(植物病原菌)이 수입식물(輸入植物), 농산물(農産物)과 함께 국내(國內)에 침입정착(侵入定着)하여 피해(被害)를 준 증거(證據)가 있다. 2) 외국(外國)의 식물병원균(植物病原菌)이 국내(國內)에 침입(侵入)하는 경로(經路)는 여러가지 있으나 주(主)로 수입(輸入)하는 식물(植物), 농산물(農産物)에 잠복(潛伏), 부착(附着)하여 침입(侵入)한다. 3) 식물병원균(植物病原菌)의 국내침입(國內侵入)을 효과적(效果的)으로 방지(防止)할수 있는 식물검역제도(植物檢疫制度)가 우리나라에서 처음으로 시행(施行)된 것은 1912년(年)이며 세계식물검역사(世界植物檢疫史)에서 볼때 그 시행(施行)이 비교적(比較的) 일은 국가(國家) 크릅에 속(屬)한다. 4) 식물검역제도(植物檢疫制度)가 시행(施行)된 다음에도 여러가지 식물병원균(植物病原菌)이 침입(侵入)한 증거(證據)가 있다. 특히 2차세계대전(次世界大戰) 이후(以後) 1961년(年) 식물검역법(植物檢疫法)이 제정(制定)되어 식물검역(植物檢疫)이 재개(再開)될때까지의 약(約)15년간(年問)은 식물검역(植物檢疫)의 공백기(空白期)로서 여러가지 식물병원균(植物病原菌)이 국내(國內)에 침입(侵入)할수 있는 좋은 기회(機會)가 되었다. 5) 국내(國內)에 침입(侵入)한 식물병원균(植物病原菌)의 대다수(大多數)가 일본에서 유래(由來)한 것이며 이는 우리나라의 식물(植物), 농산물(農産物)의 무역(貿易)이 일본에 편중(偏重)되어 있었다는데 기인(起因)하는 것으로 추정(推定)된다. 6) 오늘날의 식물검역(植物檢疫)에는 더욱 정확성(正確性)과 지속성(遲速性)이 요구(要求)되므로 훈련(訓練)된 전문직검역관(專問職檢疫官)의 증원(增員) 대량(大量)의 식물(植物) 농산물(農産物)은 수용검역(收容檢疫)할수 있는 시설(施設)의 확보(確保)등 검역체제(檢疫體制)의 정비(整備)와 새로운 검역기술(檢疫技術)의 도입(導入), 개발(開發)등이 필요(必要)하다. 7) 식물검역(植物檢疫)의 체제정비(體制整備)와 기술향상(技術向上)은 국내(國內)에 침입(侵入)하는 식물병원균(植物病原菌)을 효과적(效果的)으로 방지(防止)하여 국내농업(國內農業)을 보호(保護)하는데 중요(重要)한 것 일뿐만 아니라 우리나라 식물농산물수출(植物農産物輸出)의 증대(增大)와 안정화(安定化)를 위하여도 중요(重要)한 일이다.