• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2009

In general, the root color of Codonopsis lanceolata is white, but red or blue-colored root is found at a low frequency in nature. Red or blue-colored roots have scarcity value, thus farmers wish to produce colored roots. The factors for determining the color of roots are unclear whether the color is controlled by genetically or simply by environmentally such as soil environment. Using in vitro culture system which is advantageous for setting of the same culture condition, we analyzed the physiological and morphological characteristics and genetic differences among red-, blue- and white lines of C. lanceolata. In the red colored roots, stems of in vitro cultured plantlet were colored in dark red pigment. Histological analysis revealed that the red pigment was accumulated in the outer cortex layer of the stem and determined as anthocyanin. Chlorophyll contents in red root lines were higher than those in white- and blue root lines. Plantlets from red roots were smaller in both shoot length and total leaf area than those from white- and blue roots. Genetic differences among the three different colored C. lanceolata were determined by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. Each line of colored roots had clear DNA polymorphism. These results indicate that the occurrence of red- and blue colored roots in nature was determined by genetic factors rather than soil enviromental conditions.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1995

포도의 현탁배양계에서 안토시안닌 색소의 축적에 미치는 salicylic acid (SA)의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 다양한 농도의 SA를 계대배양시에 함께 처리한 결과 1 $\mu$M 이하의 낮은 농도에서는 세포의 생장 및 색소의 축적에 있어서 어떤 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나, 5 $\mu$M와 10 $\mu$M의 농도에서는 세포의 생장은 일시적으로 억제되지만 색소의 축적은 크게 증가한다. 또한 20 $\mu$M의 고농도에서는 세포의 생장은 완전히 억제되어 세포가 죽기까지 하는 결과를 나타내었다. 암배양 상태의 세포서도 SA을 처리해 주면, 암배양에 의한 안토시아닌 색소 생합성능의 저하는 회복되어, SA처리없이 광처리만 해준 세포보다도 더 높은 색소의 축적을 보였다. 5 $\mu$M의 SA를 계대배양후 시일별로 처리한 결과, 처리후 24 시간 이후에 급격한 색소의 축적을 나타내었지만 계대배양 후 2일째에 처리한 세포에서 가장 높은 색소의 축적를 보였으며, 처리후 5일째가 되면 SA는 무처리구의 암배양세포(7일째 세포)에 비해 4배 이상의 색소의 축적을 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 1990

식물색소 생합성에 마치는 화합물의 스크리닝 및 생리 생화학적 실험을 위한 Greening assay를 확립하고자 greening 에 미치는 환경요인과 치상 및 조사 방법에 관한 여러가지 실험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 오이 및 보리 모두 $25^{\circ}C$ 암조건에 5~6 일 된 것이 greening 에 양호한 반응을 보였다 2. 오이는 자엽의 표면이 용액에 닿도록 치상하는 것이, 보리엽신은 상단으로부터 0.5~2.0cm 부위을 절취하는 것이 greening 에 양호하였다. 3. Buffer 는 10mM potassium phosphate(pH 6.0)를 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 여겨진다. 4. 광조사시 온도가 $15\sim35^{\circ}C$ 범위일 경우 온도가 높을수록 greening 속도가 빨랐으며, 그 반응은 보리보다 오이가, carotenid 보다는 엽록소 생합성이 더욱 민감하였다. 5. 광도에 대한 영향은 엽록소의 경우 오이는 5,000 Lux. 보리는 1,000 Lux 내외에서 최고치를 보였으며, carotenoid의 경우는 이보다 높은 광도에서 최고치를 보이는 경향이었다. 6. 용매의 안전사용농도는 acetone 10% 미만, ethyl alcohol 0.1 % 이하, DMSO 2.5 %이 하였고, 색소 생합성에 관여되는 제초제 또는 몇가지 시약의 $pI_{50}$을 구하였다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.551-554
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• 1998

Bacterial specs isolated from common scab lesion on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. c.. Dejima) tuber was identified as Streptomyces turgidiscabies. This organism had flexuous spore chains and grey spore mass color, produced melanin pigment on ISP 7, but did not produce on ISP 6. S. turgidiscabies grew on agar media at pH 4.5, used L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannitol, raffinose, rhamnose, sucrose, D-xylose and meso-inositol as carbon sources, and was susceptible to 7% NaCl, thallium acetate (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), crystal violet (0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), phenol (0.1%, wt/vol), oleandomycin (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and streptomycin (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml).

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.689-692
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• 1998

Bacterial species isolated from common scab lesion on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) was identified as Streptomyces acidiscabies. This organism had flexuous spore chains and white spore mass color, produced melanin pigment on tyrosine agar medium but did not produce on peptone agar medium. S. acidiscabies grew on agar medium at pH 4.0, used L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-mannitol, rhamnose, sucrose, D-xylose and meso-inositol except reffinose as carbon sources. It was also susceptible to thallium acetate (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), phenol (0.1%, wt/vol), streptomycin (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), and was resistant to 7% NaCl, crystal violet (0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), penicillin (10 IU/ml) and oleandomycin (25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml).

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1987년도 식물생명공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceedings of Symposia on Plant Biotechnology
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• pp.323-347
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• 1987

The R locus of maize in one of several genes that regulate the anthocyanin pigments throughout the body of the plant and seed. The R gene product may regulate pigment deposition by controlling the expression of the flavonoid biosynthetic gene pathway in a tissue-specific manner. To understand the basis for tissue specific regulation and allelic variation at R, the molecular study has been done by cloning a portion of the R complex by transposon tagging with Ac. R specific probe were cloned from the R-nj mutant induced by Ac insertion mutagenesis. From southern analysis of R-r complex using the R-nj probe, the structure of R-r was proposed that R-r containes the three elements, (P)(Q)(S). These elements may organize as the inversion triplication model which (S) sequence was inverted in relation to (P) and (Q). The R-sc derivated from R-mb or R-nj was cloned with R-nj probe, and molecular genetical data showed that R-sc containes tissue specific and tissue nonspecific area, and the sequencing of R-sc are progressed now.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

High soil salinity is the most severe threat to global rice production as it causes a significant decline in rice yield. Here, we investigated the effects of various plant extracts on rice plant stress associated with high salinity. Additionally, we examined various physiological and biochemical parameters such as growth, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and lipid peroxidation - in rice plants after treatment with selected plant extracts under salt stress conditions. Of the 11 extracts tested, four - soybean leaf, soybean stem, moringa (Moringa oleifera), and Undaria pinnatifida extracts - were found to effectively reduce salt stress. A reduction of only 3-23% in shoot fresh weight was observed in rice plants under salt stress that were treated with these extracts, compared to the 43% reduction observed in plants that were exposed to stress but not given plant extract treatments (control plants). The effectiveness varied with the concentration of the plant extracts. Water content was higher in rice plants treated with the extracts than in the control plants after 6 d of salt stress, but not after 4 d of salt stress. Although photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), and the content of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) varied based on the types and levels of stress and the extracts that the rice plants were treated with, generally, photosynthetic efficiency and pigment content were higher in the treated rice compared to control plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased as the duration of stress increased. ROS and MDA levels were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Proline and soluble sugar accumulation also increased with the duration of the stress period. However, proline and soluble sugar accumulation were lower in the treated rice than in the control plants. Generally, the values of all the parameters investigated in this study were similar, regardless of the plant extract used to treat the rice plants. Thus, the extracts found to be effective can be used to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on rice crops associated with high-salinity soils.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.175-192
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• 2006

Screening for the cytotoxicity from plant origin is the first stage for anti-cancer drug development. A variety of terpenoids with exomethylene, epoxide, allyl, $\alpha,\beta-unsaturated$ carbonyl, acetylenes, and $\alpha-methylene-\gamma-lactone$ induces apoptosis and/or differentiation as well as cytotoxicity through the ROS signal transduction pathways. These are found among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, diarylheptanoids, and even organosulfuric compounds. The most essential characteristics of natural cytotoxic substances is to possess the strong electrophilicity that is susceptible to nucleophilic biomolecules in the cell. Thiol-reductants and superoxide dismutase can block or delay apoptosis. Thus, ROS and the resulting cellular redox-potential changes can be parts of the signal transduction pathway during apoptosis. Disturbance of the balance of oxireduction by the pigment of natural quinones also caused the induction of the differentiation and apoptosis. Saponins with the cytotoxicity are restricted to their monodesmosides, rather than to bisdesmosides. Those saponins exhibited calcium ion-mediated apoptosis in addition to cytotoxicity whereas they showed also differentiation without extracellular calcium ion. The properties on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and differentiation were assumed to depend on resultant oxidative stress to the cells. In this review, we describe a spectrum of cytotoxic compounds with various action mechanisms.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

In this study, Quercus acutissima seedlings were subjected to drought for 30 days then analyzed to determine their response to water deficit. The growth phenotype, chlorophyll fluorescence response, fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigment levels, soluble sugar content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to evaluate the effects of drought on plant growth and physiology. The growth phenotype was observed by infrared (IR) digital thermal imaging after 30 days of drought treatment. The maximum, average, and minimum temperatures of drought-treated plant leaves were $1-2^{\circ}C$ higher than those of the control. In contrast, the fresh and dry weights of the dehydrated leaves were generally lower than those of the control. There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels. Nevertheless, for the drought treatment, the $F_v/F_m$ and $F_v/F_o$ ratios (chlorophyll fluorescence response) were lower than those for the control. Therefore, photosynthetic activity was lower in the dehydrated plants than the control. The drought-stressed Q. acutissima S0536 had lower soluble sugar (glucose and fructose) and higher MDA levels than the controls. These findings may explain the early growth and physiological responses of Q. acutissima to dehydration and facilitate the selection of drought-resistant tree families.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2011

밤, 고구마, 우엉 등의 일부 식물체를 오랜 시간 보관하거나 가공하는 과정에서 표면에 녹변화합물이 형성된다. 본 연구에서는 이때 형성되는 녹변화합물이 유전독성 가능성을 내포한 novel trihydroxy acridine 유도체로서, 녹변화합물에 대한 복귀돌연변이시험을 수행하였다. 시험은 Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 균주를 이용하였고 대사활성계 적용 유무에 따른 시험을 모두 수행하였다. 시험에 사용된 녹변화합물은 알라닌, 아르기닌, 아스파트산, 글라이신, 라이신, 페닐알라닌과 클로로겐산을 사용한 합성 및 고구마를 매트릭스로 하여 녹변화합물을 형성한 후 추출하는 두가지 방법을 통하여 준비하였다. 합성 녹변화합물과 추출 녹변화합물의 최대 처리 용량은 생육저해시험과 용해도, 흡광도를 고려 하여 각각 2000 ${\mu}g$/lplate, 50 ${\mu}g$plate로 결정 하였다. 녹변화합물 합성 과정 후 잔존하는 아미노산들과 클로로겐산의 영향을 배제하고자 이들을 또 다른 시험군으로 설정하고 각각 250 ${\mu}g$/plate, 1750 ${\mu}g$/plate의 농도로 처리하여 복귀돌연변이시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과 두 균주에서 농도에 의존적으로 콜로니 수가 증가하는 경향은 관찰되지 않았으며, 음성대조군 수치와 비교하여 두 배 이상의 콜로니 수도 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 합성 녹변화합물과 추출 녹변화합물은 본 시험 조건에서 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다.