• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 2001

Effects of ultraviolet stress and elicitors, cellulase and jasmonic acid (JA), for the production of capsidiol, sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, in seedlings and suspension cultures of pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv, Soobicho) were examined. Extracellular capsidiol in the medium of suspension cultures was absent from control cells, but accumulated in the elicitor treated cells with 0.05 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of cellulase or 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL JA. Elicited cells gradually decreased their viability and eventually died within 48 hours of elicitor treatment by the toxicity of capsidiol accumulated in the culture medium. Capsidiol production in the leaves of pepper seedlings was markedly increased by the treatment of ultraviolet stress and reached maximum level at 48 hours of irradiation. Infiltration of elicitors, 0.05 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL cellulase or 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL JA, to the surface of leaf or fruit, stimulated the elicitation of the cells which resulted in the production of capsidiol and expansion of pathogene-like lesion around the elicitor treated region.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.551-560
• /
• 2015

Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2005

A cell-free enzyme solution prepared from suspension cultured cells of Phaseolus vulgaris successfully mediated conversions of cholesterol $\to$ cholestanol and 6-deoxo-28-norteasterone $\leftrightarrow$ 6-deoxo-28-nor-3-dehydroteasterone $\leftrightarrow$ 6-deoxo-28-nortyphasterol $\to$ 6-deoxo-28-norcastasterone $\to$ 28-norcastasterone. Al-though conversion of cholestanol to 6-deoxo-28-norteasterone intermediated by 6-deoxo-28-norcathasterone was not demonstrated, this strongly suggests that a complete set of biosynthetic enzymes catalyzing reactions from cholesterol to 28-norcastasterone via 6-deoxo-28-nor type brassinosteroids is endogenously present in the cells, which demonstrates that a $C_{27}$ brassinosteroids biosynthetic pathway, namely the late C-6 oxidation for $C_{27}$ brassinosteroids, is operative in the cells. Additionally, the enzyme solution mediated conversion of 28-norcastasterone to castasterone in the presence of S-adenosyl-methionine and NADPH, providing that the $C_{27}$ brassinosteroids biosynthesis is an important route to generate castasterone in the cells. Together with our previous finding that castasterone can be biosynthesized by the same biosynthetic pathway in tomato, this study demonstrates that the $C_{27}$ brassinosteroids biosynthesis is a common alternative process to maintain endo-genous level of castasterone, an active $C_{28}$ brassinosteroid, in plants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.3 s.52
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to develop new cosmeceutical agents with sebosuppressive activity from native plant extracts in Korea. Inhibitory efforts of the extracts on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ (5-AR) were evaluated by enzyme kinetics analysis using UV-spectrophotometric method. Two kinds of enzyme suspensions as 5-AR sources were prepared from rat liver tissue and cultured hSG cells. The sebosuppressive effects were determined by measuring the total lipid quantity produced in cultured hSG cells after incubation with the extracts. As a result, Pinus thunbergii extracts showed the most potent 5-AR inhibitory effects. Its $K_i$ values were 0.0002% and 0.0014% for rat liver 5-AR and human sebaceous gland 5-AR, respectively. Addition of Pinus thunberii extract to hSG cells showed 48% reduction in total lipid production at 0.005% concentration. In conclusion, Pinus thunbergii extracts can be used as a cosmeceutical agent to regulate sebum production and to alleviate the sebum-involved skin diseases, such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2009

We examined the inhibitory effects of loquat methanol extract on the adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were cultured with DMSO or with 10, 25, or 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of loquat methanol extract. Both leaf and seed extracts significantly inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, although leaf extract was more effective. Adhesion and migration were significantly inhibited by loquat extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Loquat extract also inhibited the invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and leaf extract was more effective than seed extract. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also inhibited by loquat extract. Our results indicate that methanol extracts of loquat inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells partially through the inhibition of MMP activity and leaf extract has more anti-metastatic effects in cell based assay than seed extract. Clinical application of loquat extract as a potent chemopreventive agent may be helpful in limiting breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1312-1315
• /
• 2008

High throughput-drug screening plays a pivotal role for early stage of drug discovery process. In the course of assay development for screening of cell death-inducing agents, a protocol that is simple, time-saving, and high throughput-compatible was designed which was confirmed that the protocol can be worked by a HTS-compatible machine. In 96-well format, PC-3 cancer cells (1${\times}10^{4}$ cells/ml) were cultured for 24 hr. After 24 h-incubation with various medicinal plants extracts, the cells were then stained with DAPI for 30 min. The fluorescence intensity of the stained cells was measured semi-automatically with a multilabel counter. To test whether the present assay system effectively works, we screened about 850 medicinal plant extracts, and selected 1 positive crude extracts that contained cell death-inducing activity. These results suggest that the protocol is highly amenable to HTS implementation for a cell death-inducing agent(s).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 1995

Anthocyanin formation in callus cultures using Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa was evaluated on basal MS medium supplemented with various levels of growth regulators, sucrose and nitrate concentrations. The highest yield of anthocyanin from cultured cells was produced under 5% sucrose, 1/8 strength of nitrate(12.5% of basic concentration) and combination of 1.0 mg/l IAA with 2 mg/l BAP, respectively. The high anthocyanin producing cell line no. 11 was selected among 15 cell lines, showing over 80% cells contained anthocyanin producing cells. From these cells, the highly productive red protoplast was isolated and the highest protoplast yield, $6.7{\times}10^6$ was obtained in enzyme combination IV which is composed of 2.0% cellulase, 0.5% macerozyme and 0.1% pectolyase.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2000

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a diverse group of natural products that include many pharmacologically active compounds produced in a limited number of plant families. Despite their complexity, intensive biochemical research has extended our knowledge of the chemistry and enzymology of many important benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathways, such as those leading to the analgesic drugs morphine and codeine, and the antibiotics sanguinarine and berberine. The use of cultured plant cells as an experimental system has facilitated the identification and characterization of more than 30 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes, and the molecular cloning of the genes that encode at least 8 of these enzymes. The recent expansion of biochemical and molecular technologies has creat-ed unique opportunities to dissect the mechanisms involved in the regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. Research has suggested that product accumulation is controlled by the developmental and inducible regulation of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes, and by the subcellular compartmentation of biosynthetic enzymes and the intracellular localization and trafficking of pathway intermediates. In this paper, we review our current understanding of the biochemistry, cell biology, and molecular regulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. We also summarize our own research activities, especially those related to the establishment of protocols for the genetic transformation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing species, and the development of metabolic engineering strategies in these plants.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.170-173
• /
• 2015

Herein, we report the first occurrence of web blight of rosemary caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IB in Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea, in August 2014. The leaf tissues of infected rosemary plants were blighted and white mycelial growth was seen on the stems. The fungus was isolated from diseased leaf tissue and cultured on potato dextrose agar for identification. The young hyphae had acute angular branching near the distal septum of the multinucleate cells and mature hyphal branches formed at an approximately $90^{\circ}$ angle. This is morphologically identical to R. solani AG-1-IB, as per previous reports. rDNA-ITS sequences of the fungus were homologous to those of R. solani AG-1-IB isolates in the GenBank database with a similarity percentage of 99%, thereby confirming the identity of the causative agent of the disease. Pathogenicity of the fungus in rosemary plants was also confirmed by Koch's postulates.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to establish a plant cell culture system for the production of medically important secondary metabolites from Xanthium strumarium. The effects of plant growth regulators including NAA, 2,4-D, kinetin, and ABA were examined in terms of callus induction, maintenance of callus and suspension cultures. It was shown that callus was induced upon treatment with NAA while embryo was induced after treatment with 2,4-D. Callus formation was further improved by treatment with ABA and NAA. The level of callusing increased by 17-29% for the seed case, cotyledon, leaf, and hypocotyl and by 96% in the case of the root. Suspension cell lines were established using calli produced from cotyledon, hypocotyl and root and cultured at 25$\^{C}$ under light conditions. The cells grew up to 15g/L with NAA 2ppm, BA 2ppm, and ABA 1ppm treatment. Supernatants of suspension cultures of cell lines derived from coyledon and hypocotyl produced some distinctive secondary metabolites, one of which was identified as 8-epi-tomentosin, which belongs to the xanthanolides. The amounts of 8-epi-tomentosin produced by the cotyledon- and hypocotylderived cell lines were 13.4mg/L and 11.0mg/L, respectively.