• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

The removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water using KOH-activated pine tree needle leaves biochar is considered a cost effective and efficient process. In this study, pine tree needle leaves were mixed with 0, 50, 100 and 200% (KOH weight/feedstock weight) of KOH, respectively. Then, the mixture was pyrolyzed at $500^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. The adsorption characteristics of 10 VOCs to the biochar were tested. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of the KOH activated biochar was highest in 100% KOH-biochar. The VOC removal efficiencies of 50% and 200% KOH activated biochar were similar and the 0% KOH activated biochar showed the lowest VOC removal. The FTIR results showed that increasing the amount of KOH seemed to enhance the formation of various functional groups, such as -OH, -C=C, -O. The adsorption strength of 10 VOCs to the KOH activated biochar seemed to be increasing by the increase of the solubility of VOCs. This may suggest that the adsorption is taking place in hydrophilic sites of the biochar surface. The KOH activated pine tree needle leaves biochar can be an effective sorbent for VOCs removal in water and 100% KOH mixing seemed to provide better sorption capacity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

A comparison between the productivity of the evergreen needle pine(Pinus densiflora) and of the deciduous broad leaved oak(Quercus mongolica) stands, which is located near Choon-Chun city, Kangwon dist. have been established. The pine stand had a stand density of 938 trees per ha and oak stand had of 638 trees per ha. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree were measured in sample plot of 800$m^2$. Twelve standard sample trees chose from the sample area felled down, and then weighed the stem, branches and leaves separately, according to both the stratified clip technique and the stem analysis. The vertical distribution of photosynthetic system was arranged effectively for high productivity in the productive structure of both trees. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of stem (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) of pine were approximated by log Ws=0.6212 log D2H-0.5383 log Wb=0.4681 log D2H-0.7236 log Wl=0.2582 log D2H-5.1567 and those of oak were approximated by log Ws=0.5125 log D2H＋0.0231 log Wb=0.5125 log D2H-0.3755 log Wl=0.8721 log D2H-2.9710 From the above, the standing crops of pine and oak in the sample area were estimated to be as much as 38.83ton and 48.11 ton of dry matter, above ground, per ha, respectively. Annual net production as the sum of the biomass newly formed during one year was appraised at 12.66ton/ha.yr in pine stand and at 8.74 ton/ha.yr in oak. The reason of high productivity of pine stand compared with oak might be resulted from much more about 4 times of the amount of the photosynthetic system, but less non-photosynthetic one of pine than those of oak. To increase the productivity of the forest stands investigated it was necessary to make densly a stand density, to be abundant in the inorganic nutrients and to preserve much water in soil to conserve the litters.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2013

A pine needle-embedded graphite enzyme electrode, of which bonding agent is CSM rubber, was newly designed and its electrochemistry was studied based on the amperometry. It involved a ground green leaves of pine tree as a zymogen together with electrochemical mediator, ferrocene within the paste. The plots of ln($i(1-e^{nf{\eta}})$) vs. ${\eta}$ and Lineweaver-Burk at the low potential (-100 to -500 mV) showed good linearities indicating that the amperometric response is by the catalytic power of pine peroxidase. Electrochemical parameters obtained, symmetry factor (${\alpha}$, 0.17), limiting current ($i_1$, 1.99 $A/cm^2$), exchange current density ($i_0$, $5.86{\times}10^{-5}\;A/cm^2$), Michaelis constant ($K_M$, $1.68{\times}10^{-3}$ M) and many others showed that pine peroxidase discharges the role of catalyst quantitatively on the electrode surface. Those proved that the practical use of pine peroxidase is promising in place of the marketed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1975

According to Yoshihisa Kuroki's report that the total amount of carotenoid was more in the susceptible to pine bark beetle, than in the resistant ones, carotenoids were extracted from needle leaves of one year old seedlings of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus desiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigitaeda and Pinus taeda which are all important pines in Korea, to find their resistant ratio to the insect. The carotenoids were analyzed and compared using the spectra of them by spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1. The visible absorption spectra of carotenoids in those pine trees were proved to be very similar. 2. The total amount of carotenoids in needles differed with the tree species and the contents were arranged in decreasing order P. koraiensis>P. rigida>P. thunbergii>P. rigitaeda>P. taeda, it seemed that there was corelation between the cartenoid content and the extent of harm caused by the pine bark beetles except P. koraiensis. 3. But carotenoids were contained in Robinia pseudoacacia, Castanea crenata, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cedrus deodra leaves too. 4. The total amounts of carotenoids in these pines of 9 species were arranged in decreasing order Robinia pseudoacacia>Pinus koraiensis>Pinus rigida>Pinus thunbergii>Castanea crenata>Pinus rigitaeda>Pinus taeda>Chamaecyparis obtusa>Cedrus deodara. Therefore, it was proved that there was no correlation between carotenoid cotent and extent of resistance to the insect. 5. In the thin-layer chromatography of these carotenoids, 13 kinds of components in P. densiftora, P. koraiensis and P. rigida and 12 kinds of spots in other pines, were detected respectively, under ultra-violet fluorescent lamp $3,600{\AA}$ and $2,537{\AA}$. 6. The eighth spots from the bottom in P. densiflora, P. koraiensis and P. rigida were not found in other pines and other 4 species (Robinia pseudoacacia, Castanea crenata, Chamacyparis obtusa, Cedrus deodra). Especially the spot in P. densiflora fluoresced strong cobalt blue-fluorescence under ultra-violet fluorescent lamp $2,537{\AA}$.