• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.689-693
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• 2005

Different masking materials were evaluated for their ability to ameliorate odor of model poultry manure solution by assessing their effects on sensory pleasantness and odor intensity. Results indicated extracts from Eastern red cedar leaves, Loblolly pine needles', and commercial masking agents such as pine extract and odor neutralizer were effective (p<0.05) for masking odor of model poultry manure solution by increasing (p<0.05) pleasantness (82 and 86% increases in pleasantness using red cedar and pine needle extracts, respectively) and decreasing (p<0.05) odor intensity (odor intensity reduction by 66 and 76% using red cedar pine needle extract). The most odor-active compound in Loblolly pine needle extract was ${\alpha}$-terpineol (1,573.8 ug/g) which is responsible for aroma of pine trees (piney) and effective for ameliorating agricultural odors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Fresh pine needles were collected and extracted with 95% methanol and the extract was concentrated to determine its antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract had a considerable inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria, such as Esherichia coli 0157;H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol extract of pine needles was further fractionated to chloroform, ethylacetate, butanal, and water fractions. Among these four fractions, the butanol and water fractions, which showed a relatively strong inhibitory effect on all of the tested bacteria, were purified and the minimum ingibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for each microorganism. The MIC raged between 25 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml depending on the microorganism. the purified active fractions were applied to sterilized milk as a model food system to define the antimicrobial effectiveness and it was found that the antimicrobial activities in the water fractions were stronger than those in the butanol fractions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-297
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• 1997

To develope natural food preservatives of pine needle (Pinus densiflora Seib et Zucc.) extract, pine needle sap, ethanol and ether extracts were prepared for investigation of antimicrobial activities against food-related bacteria and yeasts. All extracts exhibited growth inhibiting activities for most of microorganisms tested. However, in general, growth inhibiting activities were higher in ethanol extract than in sap or ether extract. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ethanol extract for Lactobacillus casei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherchia coli were as low as 0.1 mg/ml, whereas MIC of sap or ether extract for most bacteria and yeasts were 0.25-0.8mg/ml, indicating that the ethanol extract showed the antimicrobial activity by 2.5 $\sim$8 times higher than the sap and ether extract. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was reduced by heating or alkali treatment. Moreover, growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was completely inhibited within 24 hours by the addition of at least 50ppm of ethanol extract. These findings suggest that pine needle, specially the ethanol extrat may play a role for natural food preservatives.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 새싹보리 추출물과 솔잎 추출물이 치아우식원인균인 S. mutans에 미치는 항균 및 탐식작용 조절 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 국내산 새싹보리가루와 솔잎가루의 에탄올 추출물을 이용하며 추출물의 농도에 따른 S. mutans에 대한 항균효과와 탐식작용조절 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 S. mutans 집락형성은 새싹보리 추출물에서는 유의적 차이가 나타내지 않았으나, 솔잎 추출물에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다. THP-1 세포의 S. mutans에 대한 탐식작용을 확인한 결과, 새싹보리 추출물에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 솔잎 추출물에서는 면역세포의 탐식작용이 향상되었다. 따라서 솔잎 추출물은 치아우식예방을 위한 소재로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.218-229
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• 2011

Dyeing properties of cotton and ramie fabrics with pine needles colorants were studied by investigating the analysis of pine needles colorants, the effect of dyeing conditions (such as dye concentration, dyeing temperatures and times on dye uptakes), effect of mordants, and color change. The various colorfastness of dyed fabrics were evaluated for practical use; in addition, the antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were estimated. In the UV-Visible spectrum, the wavelength of the maximum absorption for pine needles extract was 285nm, and pine needles colorants produced a yellow color. From FT-IR and GC-MS results, it was assumed that chromophoric substance from pine needles extracts were mixed with flavonol tannin and flavanol tannin. An increased dyeing concentration resulted in a larger dye uptake and a Freundlich absorption isotherm was obtained. A larger dye uptake occurred as the dyeing time and temperature increased. Post-mordanting was more effective than pre-mordanting and the dye uptake of fabrics improved by mordanting. The colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed a low rating; however, colorfastness to washing and dry cleaning of cotton fabrics mordanted with N.Cu, and friction fastness of ramie fabric mordanted with Cu improved. The dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%. In addition, the ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability improved in fabrics dyed with pine needles extracts.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.494-501
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• 1999

The skin whitening effects of pine needle extract, hop extract and chestnut inner shell extract were evaluated both in vitro and in B 16 mouse melanoma cell lines. Each extracts significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity, dopa auto-oxidation and melanin biosynthesis in vitro and in B 16 cell lines. In vitro, hop extract inhibited melanin biosynthesis 15 times stronger than kojic acid at $10{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. Each extracts were stronger inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis than kojic acid in B 16 mouse melanoma cell at less than $4{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ concentration. These results show that extracts fo pine needle, hop and chestnut inner shell could be developed as skin whitening component of cosmetics.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2002

쑥과 솔잎을 각각 물과 70% 에탄올로서 추출하여 전자공여능과 아질산염 소거능을 조사하였다. 쑥 추출물의 전자공여능은 300-1,000ppm 농도에서 물추출물은 50-57%였으며, 에탄올추출물은 51-64%로서 에탄을 추출물이 우수하였다. 솔잎 추출물의 전자공여능은 물추출물은 100-500ppm에서 52-60%, 1,000ppm에서는 70%의 전자공여능을 나타내었으며 에탄을 추출물은 100-500ppm에서 68-71%, 1,000ppm에서는 약 77%로서 물추출물보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0에서 측정한 결과, pH 1.2에서 가장 높았으며 pH 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 쑥추출물 1,000ppm의 아질산염 소거능은 pH 1.2에서 물추출물은 37%, 에탄올추출물은 27%였다. 솔잎 추출물 1,000ppm의 경우에는 pH 1.2에서 물추출물은 65%, 에탄올추출물은53%의 아질산염 소거능을 나타내었다. 추출물의 전자공여능과 아질산염소거능은 솔잎추출물이 쑥추출물에 비하여 우수하였다. 쑥과 솔잎 추출물에서 전자공여능은 에탄을 추출물이 물추출물보다 우수하였으나 아질산염소거능은 물추출물이 에탄을 추출물보다 우수하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Korean red pine bark extract as an antibiotic replacements on cholesterol, fatty acids and the shelf-life of chicken meat. To accomplish this, chickens were fed the optimal level of red pine bark extract that was found to replace antibiotics in the diet of broilers. A total of 180 male broilers(Ross strain 308) were divided into three treated groups, T1(control group), T2(8 ppm of avilamycin) and T3(65 ppm of red pine bark extract per kg diet). The lipid content was reduced by 24.67% and 20.49% in T3 group, while the cholesterol level also decreased significantly in the T3 group by 20.49% and 20.55% when compared to the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. In addition, the saturated fatty acid level was lower in the T3 group than in the T1 and T2 groups, while the unsaturated fatty acid level of the T3 group was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The TBARS value of chicken thigh muscle containing its skin on the 7th day of low temperature storage was significantly lower by 23.86% and 21.17% in the T3 group than in the T1 and T2 groups, respectively. Evaluation of the color of the meat revealed that the $L^*$value (lightness) and $b^*$value(yellowness) were higher in the T3 group than in the T1 and the T2 groups, but that the pH was significantly lower in the T3. Based on the results of this study, the addition of 65 ppm red pine bark extract to the diet of broilers should improve their meat quality with respect to the lipid contents and shelf-life when compared to the addition of antibiotics.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2012

To develop the tailor made rice flour products for consumers with increasing functionality of pine needles, rice cupcakes were prepared with adding different contents of pine needle powder (PP) and extract (PE, by pressing pine needle). The physicochemical, textural, sensory properties, and antioxidative activities of rice cupcakes were investigated. The antioxidative activities of rice cupcakes with PP and PE were higher than those of the control and were significantly different with adding pine needle type (PP or PE). The specific volume of rice cupcakes increased with adding PP and PE, except for 10 g PP added cupcake. Textural properties were also significantly different with pine needle types and contents. On the sensory preference test data, the scores of the teens, the twenties, and the thirties were higher in PP added rice cupcakes (3 and 5 g added), but those in the forties, the fifties, and above the sixties were higher in PE added rice cupcakes (3 g added). From these above results, the PP addition improved the processing quality of rice cupcakes (under 10 g added), but reduced unique flavor of pine needle. It was suggested that rice products added with pine needle would be developed to consider consumer's age, type of pine needle and its content.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 2020

The use of polyphenol extracts from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) bark as raw materials for bio-foams was investigated along with the optimal NaOH extraction conditions. The targeted yield of alkaline extracts was 60%, and the targeted pH was 11 to 12. The radiata pine bark was composed of 70% of a 1% NaOH extract, which contained mainly polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidin (PA). As the particle size of the bark decreased, the yield of the 1% NaOH extracts increased from 57 to 87%. A range of NaOH concentrations, liquor ratios, and extraction times were explored to establish an economic polyphenol extraction method. More than 60% of the alkaline extract was extracted, and the pH of the extract was approximately 12 when the optimum extraction conditions were employed, i.e., a liquor to bark ratio of 5:1, a NaOH dosage of 17 to 18% based on the bark weight, and a 1 h extraction time. Following neutralization of the alkaline extract, structural analysis indicated severe structural changes in the PA during the alkaline extraction. Because the alkaline extract was barely soluble in the solvent used for the structural analyses, it is assumed that chemical modification is required to increase the solubility of the alkaline extract for the production of bio-foams.