• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.98-106
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• 1994

The corneal formation of compound eye of Pieris rapae L., which was mostly made during pupal stage, was morphologically investigated with light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The regeneration of the microvilli were found on the surface membranes of corneagen cells and retinular pigment cells of preommatidium after apolysis pupal cuticle. The microvilli were finally differentiated to corneal nipples of the ommatidium. The corneal cuticle was generated on the superficial layer of the preommatidium from corneagen cells and retinular pigment cells. The corneal process was also formed under the cuticular layer from the corneagen cells. The pore canal was appeared within the cuticular layer and connected with the retinular pigment cell as if the root of interommatidial hair was connected. The interommatidial hair was projected randomly among the ommatidial facets and cornal nipple was arrayed regular on the ommatidial facets. The cornea was convex lens and the refracting power by its convex shape was 4 diopter.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.169-172
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• 2000

Studies on extraction of red pigment was performed to provide the basic information for the utilization of red pigment as s new source of natural food colorant. A bacterium isolated from marine resources were carried out the test for excretion of red pigment. One strain of a marine bacterium, KSR-97 showed a high production of red pigment on the medium of colloidal chitin, peptone-yeast extract with minerals. In physicochemical and sensory properties in aqueous solution of red pigment was investigated at various condition of pH, temperature, concentration of ethanol and stability of storage. Potent antioxidative of red pigment was separated by thin layer chromatograpy, silica gel chromatography and reverse high performance liquid chromatography using ODS hypersil column.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1985

Morphogenesis of rat retina was studied by light and electron microscope from day 14 of gestation to 55 days after birth. The results indicate as follows: 1. At the outer border of the neuroblastic layer at the 14th day of gestation, cells she wed active mitotic figures which result in the increases of thickness and differentiations of this layer. 2. At birth, rat retina is still in a premature state. But, it is begining to approach its adult condition in appearance till the 9th postnatal day. Particulary photosensitive cells are fully developed by the 14th postnatal day, so they are functional from now on. 3. It is observed that the pigment epithelium begins differentiation at the fetal period, but is not functional urtil birth 4. The pigment epithelium differentiates earlier than the neuroblastic layer. It is suggested that these two layers are so closely associated that the pigment epithelium takes part in the differentiations of the neuroblastic layer. In conclusion, rat retina is differentiated soon after the optic cup formation before the 14th day of gestation, but even new born rat retina is not functional, and then it has function as photoreceptors coincided with the eye opening.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 1998

Fine structure of the cutaneous pigments in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans are studied with light and electron microscopes. The cutaneous pigments are only observed in epidermal layer just beneath the cuticle. These pigments are compactly distributed around the spinnerets which located at caudal area of the abdomen. According to the fine structural characteristics of the pigment granules, two main types of guanine pigment granules-carotenoid vesicles and reflecting platelets - are observed in the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells. Morphological features of these pigment granules are characterized as the electron dense carotenoid vesicles and the electron lucent reflecting platelets. Marginal electron density of the carotenoid vesicle is different from that of internal region, whereas the reflecting platelets have laminated crystalline granules. Typiral structures of these pigment granules are very similar to those of invertebrate's chromatophores, especially erythrophores and iridophores. Moreover differentiation of these pigment granules are also originated from the small vesicles of Golgi complexes similarly to those of cutaneous chromatophores.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.174-182
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• 1995

Using the optical data from the EUMELI 3 and 4 missions, the optical properties are discussed in relation to primary production in the oligotrophic zone of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. The depth of euphotic layer $(Z_{eu})$, the total accumulated concentration of pigment $(C_{TOT})$ and the concentration of pigment (C) are 88m, $12.4mgm^{-2}\;and\;0.14mgm^{-3}$, respectively for the EUMELI 3 mission and 101.7m, $10.0mgm^{-2}\;and\;0.10mgm^{-3}$, respectively for the EUMELI 4 mission. The concentration of pigment is higher in autumn (EUMELI 3) than in spring (EUMELI 4). This indicates that the concentration of photosynthetic pigment has a close correlation with vertical attenuation coefficient $(K(\lambda))$ that changes seasonally in the euphotic layer. While the spectral distributions of downward Irradiance$(E_d)$ for the wave length of 470nm increase with depth, those of upward irradiance $(E_u)$ for the wave length range between 410nm and 490nm are constant, because the study area is covered with the blue and clear oceanic deep waters. The vertical attenuation coefficients of downward irradiance $(K_d)$ and upward irradiance $(K_u)$ have low values between 0.02 and $0.06m^{-1}$ due to the low absorption and scattering by the photosynthetic pigment of phytoplankton. Therefore this zone has the characteristics of the case 1 waters with low concentrations of photosynthetic pigment, and can be classifed into IB.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2006

Carboxylated styrene-butadiene계 액상 첨가제가 칼라 보도 블록 무기 안료층의 미세구조, 기계적 특성 및 탈색 저항성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 액상 첨가제를 첨가함에 따라 겉보기 기공률과 흡수율이 감소한 더 치밀한 미세구조와 균일한 안료 분포를 나타내는 무기 안료층을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 기계적 강도 및 탈색저항성이 현저히 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2005

Integumentary structure of the amberjack, Seriola dumerili, was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Integument of the amberjack consists of epidermal and dermal layers. The epidermal thickness is about $28.32{\mu}m$. The epidermal layer could be classified into superficial, intermediate, and basal layers by morphology and position of the supporting cells. Secretory cells of the epidermal layer were classified into mucous cells and club cells in the amberjack. Mucous cells contained acidic mucous and were alcian-blue positive with AB-PAS (pH 2.5) reaction. The club cells contained well-developed rough endoplasmic reticula and large central vacuole. Also, filament-rich cells were identified in the epidermal layer. The dermal layer consists mainly of collagenous fiber, and it contains fibrocytes and pigment cells. The cytoplasm of fibrocyte had a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. The pigment cells contained electron-dense melanin granules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1990

The morphological characteristics and changes of the foregut in the grasshopper (Oxya sinuosa Mistshenko) have been studied with the special reference to the developmental stage. In light microscope level, the epithelia are seen the cuboidal shape in the 5th instar nymph and the adult. A number of pigment granules are appeared in the cuboidal epithelium of the 5th instar nymph, however the pigment granules were a few in the adult. Indistinct or undifferentiated folds of the epithelial layer were appeared in the 5th instar nymph, whereas the well-developed folds were in the adult. The well-developed muscular layers are seen in the 5th instar nymph, however in the adult the muscular layers are appeared thin or a few layer except the crop. In electron microscope level, in the foregut epithelium, a few round or oval shaped mitochondria, well-developed rER, Golgi complex, lysosome and a number of vacuoles were appeared in the cytoplasm. Two types of pigment granules, electron dense or homogenous and low electron dense or lamellar profiles, are seen in the esophageal epithelium. The crystalline profiles and plasma membrane infoldings were also appeared. In the foregut epithelium of the 5th instar nymph, however the cell organelles were generally undifferentiated and in the crop two types of pigment granules as the adult esophageal epithelium were also found.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.664-669
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• 2019

연표법은 대나무통과 아교수를 이용해 안료를 제조하는 방법이다. 연표법에 따른 안료의 제조과정을 과학적으로 규명하기 위해 1%, 5%, 10%의 아교수를 적용하여 안료를 제조하고, 아교수의 농도에 따른 안료제조 특성을 분석하였다. 안료제조 과정은 크게 정치단계와 건조단계로 나눌 수 있는데, 정치단계에서 비교적 큰 입자들의 침전이 이루어지고, 건조단계에서는 작은 입자들의 침전이 이루어진다. 건조단계에서 형성되는 층위의 경우 아교수의 농도에 상관없이 거의 유사한 형태를 보이지만, 정치단계에서 형성되는 안료 층위의 경우는 아교수의 농도가 낮은 경우에는 입자들이 혼재되고 층위형성이 어려운 반면 아교수 농도가 높아질수록 안료의 입도별 층위형성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 아교수의 농도에 따른 점성도의 차이가 안료 입자의 침강속도에 영향을 미치며, 이로 인해 안료 층위의 형성 및 안료 제조에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 고농도인 10% 아교수를 적용하여 입자의 침강속도를 감소시키는 것이 안료 층위의 형성 및 안료제조에 보다 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.573-587
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• 2019

본 연구는 전통적인 철화분청사기 안료를 재현하기 위하여 국내산 자철석과 점토, 비가소성 원료를 혼합하여 재현시편을 제작하고, 발색이 양호한 30개의 시편들을 과학적으로 분석함으로써 유약의 발색특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 안료의 주원료인 자철석은 1,200℃의 환원 환경에서 짙은 흑색으로 발색하는 안료이나, 부가적으로 첨가되는 석회 성분과 반응하여 1,230℃ 산화 환경에서는 녹황색 계열로 변색된다. 적철석은 소성 온도 및 환경에 크게 영향을 받지 않으나 Fe를 10 wt% 이상 함유한 점토와 혼합하였을 때는 짙은 흑색으로 발색한다. 안료의 유동성은 R₂O₃/RO₂ 값에 의해 결정되며, 이는 발색에도 영향을 미친다. 미세조직 관찰에서 안료의 입자크기와 소성 환경에 따라 유약층의 발색과 철산화물 결정들이 일부 다른 양상을 보인다. 자철석을 원료로 한 안료는 1,200℃ 산화 환경에서는 유약층과 분장토의 경계면에 철산화물이 응집체 형태로 존재하며, 흑갈색으로 발색하지만, 환원 환경 소성에서는 철산화물의 응집체가 존재하지 않고 유약층에 균질하게 분포하며, 짙은 흑색으로 발색한다. 반면, 적철석을 기반으로한 안료는 산화 환경에서 유약층내 수지상 조직을 형성하며, 흑색으로 발색한다.