• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.987-990
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• 2023

This study exploded the correlation between feed and livestock manure characteristics across different livestock species. The selected farms included laying hen, fattening pig, and Hanwoo farms, with visits conducted to each farm at 1-day intervals. In the experiment, feed was provided to each livestock species every day at the same scheduled time, and samples of both feed and livestock manure were collected from each farm after 1 month. The correlation analysis revealed no significant effect on the crude protein content of the feed for each livestock species and the respective livestock manure characteristics. This could be attributed to the fact that the difference in nitrogen content of each feed did not have a substantial effect on the content of the livestock manure components or the differences in individual components were similar. Based on these results, it is crucial to conduct environmental impact assessments on farms using diverse feeding management approaches for each farm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2012

Liver and pulmonary artery tissue from 5 Angus cross bred steers, 6 goats, and 6 pigs were collected at a commercial abattoir to examine the relationship of pulmonary artery copper (Cu) concentrations and genes involved in copper homeostasis. Liver and pulmonary artery samples were collected at the time of harvest and snap frozen. Liver and pulmonary artery Cu concentrations were determined via flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gene expression was determined via real time PCR. Liver Cu concentrations (mg Cu/kg DM${\pm}$SE) were higher (p<0.01) in cows ($396.4{\pm}109.1$) and goats ($181.4{\pm}37.0$) than in pigs ($19.2{\pm}3.5$). All liver Cu concentrations were within normal ranges and considered adequate for each species. Liver Cu concentration was more variable in cows and goats compared to pig liver Cu concentrations. Pulmonary artery ${\beta}$-hydroxylproline was higher (p<0.01) in cow and pig than goat. Real Time PCR revealed that goat liver atp7a was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.92; p<0.01) to liver Cu concentrations while cow and pig atp7a was not correlated to liver Cu concentration. In the pig, liver atp7a concentration was positively correlated to atp7b ($r^2$ = 0.66; p<0.05). Pulmonary artery Cu concentration was highest in cows ($14.9{\pm}4.7$), intermediate in pigs ($8.9{\pm}3.3$), and lowest in goats ($3.9{\pm}1.1$). Goat pulmonary artery Cu concentration was not correlated to ctr1 concentration, however, atp7a concentration was positively correlated with ctr1 ($r^2$ = 0.90; p<0.01). In cow pulmonary artery, loxl1 concentration was positively correlated to eln mRNA concentration ($r^2$ = 0.91; p<0.02). Pulmonary artery CTR1 protein concentration was positively correlated to pulmonary artery Cu ($r^2$ = 0.85; p = 0.03) concentration while negatively correlated to liver Cu ($r^2$ = -0.79; p<0.04). Pulmonary artery Cu concentration was not correlated to concentration of Cu homeostatic genes in the pig. These data indicate that genes involved in Cu homeostasis (ctr1, atp7A, atp7B, loxl1 and eln) are differently regulated in different species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-108
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• 1980

Comparative studies on the parafollicular cells of the some mammalian species from five different orders were carried out; i.e., man from Primates, cattle, pig, and black goat from Artiodactyla, dog from Carnivora, rabbit from Lagomorpha, rat, mouse, and squirrel from Rodentia. For this study, various special techniques for the parafollicular cells, including Grimelius' silver impregnation method (Sawicki and Bajko, 1974), Singh's argentaffin method (Singh, 1964), HCl-toluidine blue stain (Sawicki, 1971), and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain (Solcia et al., 1969), were applied. Authors obtained the following results: 1. Number of parafollicular cells in the same area of thyroid tissues are significantly different from species to species. Number of cells were largest in dog and less cells were found in the following orders; rat, squirrel, mouse, rabbit, cattle, pig, black goat and finally the smallest number in man. 2. Distribution of parafollicular cells within thyroid gland are significantly different from portion to portion in case of cattle, rabbit, squirrel and mouse, but it is not significant in dog, man, pig, black goat and rat (see Table 1-1 and 1-2). 3. In dog, clustered parafollicular cells are located usually in the interfollicular space, and groups of parafollicular cells are located in the para-and/or inter-follicular positions in rabbit. But in the other animals parafollicular cells are found solitarily in the intra-and/or para-follicular positions. 4. The shape of parafollicular cells shows oval to round contour in dog, but it is polymorphic, for example, spindle, conical, oval, round or elongated with cytoplasmic processes, in the other animals. 5. Size of parafollicular cells is larger in cattle, dog and pig, smaller in rat, mouse and squirrel, and medium-size in rabbit, man and black goat. 6. Parafollicular cells of pig, cattle, dog and squirrel are observed to contain densely packed granules, whereas those of mouse, rat and man contain relatively scanty granules. 7. Parafollicular cells of all the mammals show more or less positive reaction to Grimelius' argyrophile silver impregnation method, HCl-toluidine blue stain and HCl-lead hematoxylin stain, whereas they show negative reaction to argentaffin method (see Table 2). 8. Considering the above finding, it is concluded that there are species differences in the distribution, location and shape of parafollicular cells, and infer that preferable staining method should be selected for reliable detection of parafollicular cells, beacuse staining methods applied on the cells in this study show variable reactions according to species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2017

Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1168-1175
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• 2011

This study was carried out to offer forensic entomological evidence to estimate the post mortem interval (PMI) based on the arthropod succession in pig carrions and carrion decomposition patterns varying with the exposed extent of the carrions. Four carrions, exposed, wrapped, covered or shaded, were placed in an open grassland near the Nakdong-river in Busan in August, 2010. It was found that the first visiting insect was Chrysomyia megacephala among a total of 20 species of 15 families belonging to 7 orders of Insecta, and that four species were useful indicators of the decomposition stage of the carrion: C. megacephala for I~V stages; a species of Sepsidae, Creophilus maxillosus and a species of Carabidae for III~V stages. It was also found that the more the exposed extent of exposure of carrions, the higher the rate of decomposition of carrions, i. e. the time for decomposition of carrions were 7days for the exposed carrion, 10days for the covered one, 13days for the shaded one, and 15days for the wrapped one. This result seems to be related to the differences in the weight loss of carrions caused by strong rains during the research period and by the accessibility of insects to the carrions; both are strongly affected by the exposed extent of the carrions. Accordingly, it was suggested that the exposed extent of the carrions must be taken into consideration to estimate the PMI.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

The current study was designed to extend the technique of spermatogonial transplantation to economically important pig model We evaluated the efficiency of pig to pig transplantation. Donor testis cells were harvested from testes obtained at castration of 10- to 14-day-old boars and were labeled with fluorescent marker(PKH26) before transplantation. The presence of infused dye or labeled pig testicular cells was confirmed in the seminiferous tubules from recipient pig. The most effective procedure of intratubular germ cell transfer was to insert an fine needle ($21{\sim}25$ gauge) through the cauda epididymis and testis into the rete testis under ultrasound guidance. Infusion of $5{\sim}7ml$ of dye solution or cell suspension could fill the rete and up to 50% of seminiferous tubules of 14-week-old boars. Testis were examined for the presence and localization of labeled donor cells immediately after transplantation and labeled donor cells were found in numerous seminiferous tubules from recipient pig testes. These results indicate that germ cell transplantation is feasible in recipient pig testis. This study represents successful spermatogonial transplantation between individual animals in a livestock species.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.395-412
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• 1997

Mammalian eggs are ovulated arrested at meiotic metaphase II until fertilization. Generally in mammals, fertilization results in a series of intracellular calcium oscillations that are mediated by inositol triphosphate (IP$^3$) or cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPr). The high levels of maturation promotion factor (MPF) within the cell decrease, pronuclei form, the cytoskeleton is reorganized and proteins are post-translationally modified. If all is normal, the newly formed embryo initiates the developmental program specific to that species. Artificial methods of producing these effects in pig oocytes are discussed. One potential mechanism mediated via a signal transduction pathway is present in pig oocytes. Stimulation of this pathway leads to the early events following fertilization, and electrical stimulation leads to apparently normal de v velopment to day 12. Further studies are needed to determine which mechanism(s) the sperm uses to initiate development.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 1995

Three types, hitherto commonly known as varieties of Solcoptes scobiei (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from scabietic patients, pigs and dogs to couirm their taxonomic status. As a result, we consider that the mites of human and pig scabies are different subspecies [S. scobiei scohiei (Linnaeus, 1758) and S. scobiei skis Megnin, 1880, respectively], and that of dog scabies is a different species, S. canis Gerlach, 1857. Infestation rate of human scabies in Korea peaked in 1981-1982 and showed nearly 10% of prevalence rate among outpatients of the dermatology clinic, but decreased dramatically during the past ten years and now lowered below 1% since 1990. On the other hand, dog scabies seems to be increasing recently. Key words: Human scabies, dog scabies, pig scabies, taxonomy, prevalence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.757-766
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• 2002

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2, also named KP102) is a new hexapeptide of a series of synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs) which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) in vitro and in vivo in several species including calf, sheep and pig. The GH-releasing activity of GHRP-2 is two to three times more effective than that of the original GHRP-6, and GHRP-1 in the rats and humans. To date, GHRP-2 seems to be the most potent member of the family of GHRPs. Since the GHRPs are short peptides (5-7 amino acid residues), they are synthesized easily and are not as readily degraded in plasma as GHreleasing hormone (GHRH). These features ameliorate their potential on domestic animals because of their chemical nature the GHRPs are efficacious when administered i.v. orally or orally. However, studies in cow, pig and sheep do not indicate such a close relationship between GHRH, somatostatin (SS) and GH, calling into question the general applicability of the human and rat models. Perhaps there is an important role for an endogenous GHRP in the regulation of GH secretion in domestic animals. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of physiological role of GHRP-2 in domestic animals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 1986

In order to know the comparative histological structure of the tongue of some domestic and laboratory animals, the root of the tongue has been investigated by light microscopy. The filiform papillae were mainly distributed in the root of the tongue of most animals and many foliate papillae were also found in the dog and rabbit. On the other hand, only filiform papillae were found in the fowl. The very well-developed mucosa was found in the cattle and in the dog, fowl, rat and mouse was fair. The lamina propria was well developed in the cattle, dog and pig, The muscle layer was well developed in the cattle. The adipose tissue which distributed between the muscle fibers was mainly found in the dog. The lingual glands were well developed in the pig, fowl and rabbit. The properties of these glands were shown strung acid mucopolysaccharide in the dog and pig, weak acid mucopolysaccharide in the fowl, rabbit and rat and neutral or acid mucopolysaccharide in the mouse. The species differences on the histological structure of the tongue were also ascertained by light microscopical observations.