• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

To establish a statistically reliable sampling strategy for serological surveillance of classical swinefever (CSF) in Korea, antibody test data from CSF surveillance conducted during year 2005 were analyzed.The most appropriate sampling method was determined to be stratified multi-stage random sampling strategy,in which the primary sampling unit is a pig farm and the secondary are the pigs by the strata of breedersand finishers in the selected farm. The optimum sample size was 5 to 19 including 1 to 2 breeders accordingto the number of pigs in the farm. The optimum sampling strategy demonstrated in this study was veryFindings of our study provide practical guidelines for surveillance of herd immunity level to CSF in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2020

The emergence of highly contagious viral diseases of livestock and poultry such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), African swine fever (ASF) and highly pathogenic influenza (HPAI) have necessitated the formulation of policies and regulatory frameworks for preventing ingress of exotic diseases and controlling dissemination of endemic diseases within the country. The disease control ratings to manage contagious livestock disease in farms have not being widely used because the evaluation parameters were not being considered inappropriate. The purpose of this study was to reinforce the validity of the parameters for evaluation factors and the objectivity of the scoring criteria in the application of the current disease management rating system. The diseases subject to intensive management were improved by reflecting farm situation. For the evaluation based on the disease grading system of farms, the diseases subject to intensive management were realized, the list of diseases for evaluating the vaccination rate was revised, and the quarantine and sanitation management standards were revised. The effectiveness of the improved livestock disease management system was confirmed through the application of actual pig farms. Therefore, this system will be used as a means to evaluation the biosecurity at the farm units. Through this, it will contribute to establish effective biosecurity measures for each farm by improving and supplementing the present disease grading system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.44-50
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• 1997

돼지의 사육농가 호수 및 총사육 두수는 1980년 503천호, 1,784천두에서 1995년 46천호, 6,461천두로 농가호수의 급격한 감소에 비해 전체사육두수는 3.62배나 증가하였다. 지난날 양돈업은 농가에서 식사후 남은 잔반을 주면서 사육하는 등 다수의 농가에서 소규모의 양돈업을 하는 형태였으나 지금의 상황은 대부분의 소규모 사육농가는 자취를 감추고 있으며 한 농가에서 다두의 양돈을 사육하고 있는 집약적인 밀식사육을 하고 있는 실정이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.128-128
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• 2003

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.315-318
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• 2012

This report describes a case of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in farm-raised Sika deer. FMD serotype A occurred in six cattle farms in January 2010 since the outbreak of pig cases 2002 in South Korea. In addition to the six cattle farms where the disease occurred during January, positive reactions to FMD antibodies were found in two heads of deer on March at a deer farm in serological tests intended to lift the movement restriction of the susceptible animals imposed within risk zone. In the specimens collected from 12 heads for confirmatory tests in the same farm, no virus was detected in antigen tests and neutralising antibody titers in all raising deer in the farm were relatively high. So it seems likely that the animals had been infected with FMD at least one month earlier when they were found.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-151
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• 1995

During 2 years from Octorber 1992 to April 1994, prevalence of general respiratory diseases and atrophic rhinitis in the pig herds located in the Western Chungnam was investigated, and isolation of B. bronchiseptica was attempted for the pigs manifested with the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis(AR). The isolates were characterized and identified in aspects of biochemical properties, antigenicity, drug sensitivity and pathogenicity. The results obtained through the experiments are summarized as follows; 1. During 2 years of investigation, the overall prevalence of the general respiratory diseases in the pi8 herds in Western Chungnam was 35.3%, consisting of 35.1% in the pig farms and 38.8% in a slaughter house. The prevalence by age groups accounts for 9.2% in adults, 44.7% in rearings and 25.3% in sucklings. By farm size, The highest prevalence of 56.5% was observed in the smallest farm with 1 to 200 heads. 2. The prevalence of clinical cases of artrophic rhinitis was recorded by 12.7% in the group that is the sows and piglets vaccinated, 28.9% in the group that is the sows only vaccinated and 39.8% in the group of the non-vaccinated groups. In the slaughter house, 53(24.8%) of 214 pigs examined exhibit the AR lesions. 3. A total of 189 strains of B. bronchiseptica were isolated from the pig herds. Isolation rates were 12.6% in the group that is the sows and piglets vaccinated, 34.1% in the group that is the sows only vaccinated and 45.7% in the group of the non-vaccinated groups. Isolation rate in the specimen from the slaughter house was 93( 43.5% ) of 214 pigs examined. Of the AR-non-vaccinated group, the piglets aged bet- ween 61 to 90 days revealed the highest isolation rate of 58.5%. 4. The titers of antibody against B. bronchiseptica were measured by tube agglutination test. The group that is the sow and piglet-vaccinated showed the highest titer of 640-2, 560 in sow and 640longrightarrow5, 120 in piglet. The group that is the sows only-vaccinated revealed 640-2, 560 in sows and 640-1, 280 in piglets. Both of the vaccinated groups showed 100% positive reaction. The group of the non-vaccinated sho-wed relatively lower titer of 0-1, 280 in both of sows and piglets. The positive rate of the sera obtained from the slaughter house was 53.3% with the antibody titer of 0-1, 280. 5. Biochemical and serological properities of 189 isolates were very similar to those of the reference B. bronchiseptical phase I type, indicating that most of isolates are B. bronchiseptica phase I type. 6. In antimicrobial drug susceptibility, 87.3% of 189 isolates was susceptible to chloramphenicol, 79.9%, to amikacin, 64.6%, to cephalothin and less than 35.4% to others. 7. In agar-gel immunodiffusion and SDS-PAGE analysis, the isolates presented the identical antigenicity and protein profiles to the reference standard strains. 8. The whole cells and bacterial filtrates of the isolates were inoculated to guinea pigs and mice. The isolates showed the hish pathogenicity and dermonecrotoxiciy.

• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.158-165
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• 2018

The present study was undertaken to investigate the reproductive performance of the female breeding pigs after artificial insemination (AI) using the frozen boar semen imported from Canada, thereby finding insights into improving the efficiency of AI using the frozen semen (FSAI). Analyzed in the present study were the records of a total of 626 FSAI in a great grandparent (GGP) farm beginning from May through November of the year of 2016 (Farm A) and 2,024 FSAI beginning from 2015 through 2017 from a second GGP farm (Farm B). Both the total number of piglets born (TNB) and the number born alive (NBA) were greater during May than during September within FSAI (p<0.05) in Farm A (p<0.01 for the effect of the month). In Farm B, no difference was detected between the years in any of the farrowing rate, TNB, and NBA. When the records from Farm A and Farm B were pooled, the farrowing rate was greater for Farm A vs. Farm B (p<0.01), with no difference between the two farms in TNB and NBA. Moreover, TNB and NBA were less for FSAI than for AI using the liquid semen (LSAI; $10.9{\pm}0.3$ vs. $13.4{\pm}0.1$ and $10.0{\pm}0.3$ vs. $12.0{\pm}0.1$ piglets, respectively, for FSAI vs. LSAI in TNB and NBA, respectively; p<0.01). In conclusion, these results suggest that the reproduction efficiency for FSAI, which is lower than that for LSAI, could be improved by selecting an optimal period of the year for the use of the former.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

The primary goal of this study was to compute sample sizes required to achieve the each aim of a variety of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance programs, using a statistically valid technique that takes the following factors into account: sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic test system, desired minimum detectable prevalence, precision, population size, and desired power of the survey. In addition, sample sizes to detect FMD if the disease is present and also as proof of freedom were computed. The current FMD active surveillance programs consist of clinical, virological, and serological surveillance. For the 2012 serological surveillance, annual sample sizes (n = 265,065) are planned at four separate levels: statistical (n = 60,884) and targeted (n = 115,232) at breeding pig farms and slaughter house, in together with the detection of structural proteins (SP) antibodies against FMD (n = 88,949). Overall, the sample size was not designed taking the specific aims of each surveillance stream into account. The sample sizes for statistical surveillance, assuming stratified two-stage sampling technique, was based to detect at least one FMD-infected case in the general population. The resulting sample size can be used to obtain evidence of freedom from FMD infection, not for detecting animals that have antibodies against FMD virus non-structural proteins (NSP). Additionally, sample sizes for targeted surveillance were not aimed for the population at risk, and also without consideration of statistical point of view. To at least the author's knowledge, sampling plan for targeted, breeding pig farms and slaughter house is not necessary and need to be included in the part of statistical surveillance. Assuming design prevalence of 10% in an infinite population, a total of 29 animals are required to detect at least one positive with probability of 95%, using perfect diagnostic test system (Se = Sp = 100%). A total of 57,211 animals needed to be sampled to give 95% confidence of estimating SP prevalence of 80% at the individual animal-level with a precision of ${\pm}5%$, assuming 800 herds with an average 200 heads per farm, within-farm variance of 0.2, between-farm variance of 0.05, cost ratio of 100:1 of farm against animals. Furthermore, 779,736 animals were required to demonstrate FMD freedom, and the sample size can further be reduced depending on the parameters assumed.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

1. About fifty thousand of cattle embryos were transferred and 16000 ET-calves were born in 1999. Eighty percents of embryos were collected from Japanese Black beef donors and transferred to dairy Holstein heifers and cows. Since 1985, we have achieved in bovine in vitro fertilization using immature oocytes Collected from ovaries of slaughterhouse. Now over 8000 embryos fertilized by Japanese Black bull, as Kitaguni 7 -8 or Mitsufuku, famousbulls as high marbling score of progeny tests were sold to dairy farmers and transferred to their dairy cattle every year. 2. Embryo splitting for identical twins is demonstrated an useful tool to supply a bull for semen collection and a steer for beef performance test. According to the data of Dr.Hashiyada (2001), 296 pairs of split-half-embryos were transferred to recipients and 98 gave births of 112 calves (23 pairs of identical twins and 66 singletons). 3. A blastomere-nuclear-transferred cloned calf was born in 1990 by a joint research with Drs.Tsunoda, National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) and Ushijima, Chiba Prefectural Farm Animal Center. The fruits of this technology were applied to the production of a calf from a cell of long-term-cultured inner cell mass (1998, Itoh et al, ZEN-NOH Central Research Institute for Feed and Livestock) and a cloned calf from three-successive-cloning (1997, Tsunoda et al.). According to the survey of MAFF of Japan, over 500 calves were born until this year and a half of them were already brought to the market for beef. 4. After the report of "Dolly", in February 1997, the first somatic cell clone female calves were born in July 1998 as the fruits of the joint research organized by Dr. Tsunoda in Kinki University (Kato et al, 2000). The male calves were born in August and September 1998 by the collaboration with NIAI and Kagoshima Prefecture. Then 244 calves, four pigs and a kid of goat were now born in 36 institutes of Japan. 5. Somatic cell cloning in farm animal production will bring us an effective reproductive method of elite-dairy- cows, super-cows and excellent bulls. The effect of making copy farm animal is also related to the reservation of genetic resources and re-creation of a male bull from a castrated steer of excellent marbling beef. Cloning of genetically modified animals is most promising to making pig organs transplant to people and providing protein drugs in milk of pig, goat and cattle.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) on performance of finishing pigs and indoor air quality in finishing building. A total 135 crossbred [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] pigs were randomly arranged into nine groups and assigned to three treatments. Pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1% level of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) until the market weight for 40 days of the experimental period. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) with dietary supplementation of 0.5% fermented microbial complex (Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$): however, average daily gain was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). Indoor ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing building were significantly(p<0.05) decreased by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) compared with those of control, however, indoor carbon dioxide concentration was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment suggest that the dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) for finishing pigs improved performance and indoor air quality in the finishing building.hing building.