• Title/Summary/Keyword: phytate(inositol hexaphosphate)

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A NOTE ON THE REMOVAL OF PHYTATE IN SOYBEAN MEAL USING Aspergillus usami

  • Ilyas, A.;Hirabayasi, M.;Matsui, T.;Yano, H.;Yano, F.;Kikishima, T.;Takebe, M.;Hayakawa, K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.135-138
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    • 1995
  • Soybean meal was fermented by Aspergillus usami in order to reduce phytate content. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. The contents of crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and crude ash were slightly increased following fermentation with a concomitant reduction in nitrogen free extract. Though the fermentation partly degraded proteins in the soybean meal, there was small difference in amino acid composition between the soybean meal and the fermented soybean meal. The results showed that the fermentation did not affect nutritional value of protein in soybean meal. Approximately 55% of phosphorus extracted by trichloroacetic acid was inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) in the soybean meal. The content of inositol tetra to hexaphosphates was not detected in the fermented soybean meal. These results indicated that the fermentation almost completely eliminated phytate in soybean meal. Phytase activity was not detected in the unfermented soybean meal. However, the enzyme activity in the fermented soybean meal was 167.7 U/g. When the fermented soybean meal in supplemented in formula feeds, phytase in the fermented soybean meal might partly degrade the phytate in other ingredients in the digestive tract. The fermented soybean meal is possibly used as a phytate-free protein source of feed, which contains high available phosphorus.

An Animal-Industrial Review on Phytic Acid and Phytase (Phytic Acid와 Phytase에 관한 동물산업적 고찰)

  • 양시용;김창원;강창원
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.83-102
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    • 2001
  • Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate or IP6) is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals and legumes, representing 18 to 88% of the total phosphorus. Phytate form of phosphorus is not readily utilized by monogastric animals and this result causes pollution problem by phosporus released in areas of intensive livestock production. The interaction between phytic acid and essential dietary minerals, protein, or vitamins is considered to be one of the primary factors limiting the nutritional values of cereals and legunes in monogastric animals. Attempts have been made to hydrolyze dietary phytic acid by phytases to improve the feed quality and to decrease the amount of phosphorus excreted by animals. Phytase(myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase) hydrolyzes phytic acid to myo-inositol and phosphoric acid. Two types of phytases are known: 3-phytase (EC 3.1.3.8) and 6-phytase (EC 3.1.3.26), indicating the intial attack to the susceptable phosphoester bond. Because of its great industrial importance, there is ongoing interest in isolating new bacterial strains producing novel and efficient phytases.

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A Study on the Variation of Phytase Activity in the River Environment (하천환경에서의 phytsae 활성변화에 관한 연구)

  • 김영진;오남순;정문호
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2001
  • From August 2000 to August 2001, 9 variables of physicochemical factors and phytase activity were investigated at 4 sites in the River Yungpyung and the influences of Physicochemical factors to Phytase activity were analyzed. Phytase activities of Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, and Site 4 varied between N.D ∼566 nmol/ ι /hr, N.D \" 434 nmol/ ι /hr, N.D ∼557 nmol/ ι /hr, and N.D ∼723 nmol/ ι /hr, respectively. The activities of summer season were higher than those of other season. But the activities were not detected on the winter season. The phytase activity and temperature showed high correlation. The correlation coefficients of Site 1, Site 2, Site 3, and Site 4 were 0.82(p<0.01).0.92(p<0.01),0.87(p<0.01), and 0.88(p<0.01), respectively. The phytase activity and NOI₃/sup -/ ion showed negative relation(r=-0.59, p<0.05) at Site 1. And the phytase activity had relation with Zn/sup 2+/at Site 2(r=().57, p<0.05) and Site 3(r=0.7E, p<7.07).

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Antibacterial Activity of Sodium Phytate and Sodium Phosphates Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Meats (식육에서 피틴산염과 인산염의 Escherichia coli O157:H7균에 대한 항균효과)

  • Hue, Jin-Joo;Li, Lan;Lee, Yea-Eun;Lee, Ki-Nam;Nam, Sang-Yoon;Yun, Young-Won;Jeong, Jae-Hwang;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Yoo, Han-Sang;Lee, Beom-Jun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2007
  • The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Although phosphates have never been classified as antimicrobial agents, a number of investigators have reported that phosphates have antimicrobial activities. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activities of sodium phytate(SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 on tryptic soy broth and in beef, pork and chicken. In tryptic soy broth, SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5% effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a concentration-dependent manner. The bactericidal activity of SPT was the stronger than that of SPP or STPP at the same concentrations. In addition, the antibacterial effects of SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% on Escherichia coli O157:H7 were also investigated in raw or cooked meats including beef, pork and chicken. SPT, SPP and STPP significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependant manner (p<0.05). The bactericidal effect of SPT was stronger than that of SPP or STPP. The addition of SPT, SPP and STPP in meats increased meat pHs. SPP and STPP also increased the levels of soluble orthophosphate in meats but STP did not. These results indicate that SPT is very effective for inhibition of bacterial growth and that can be used as a muscle food additive for increasing functions of meats.

Antibacterial Activity of Sodium Phytate Against Salmonella typhimurium in Meats (식육에서 피틴산염의 Salmonella typhimurium균에 대한 항균효과)

  • Baek, Dong-Jin;Hue, Jin-Joo;Lee, Yea-Eun;Lee, Ki-Nam;Nam, Sang-Yoon;Yun, Young-Won;Jeong, Jae-Hwang;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Lee, Beom-Jun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.382-387
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    • 2007
  • The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity of sodium phytate (SPT) against Salmonella typhimurium in tryptic soy broth with different pHs and in chicken, pork and beef. In tryptic soy broth, SPT at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% effectively inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhymurium in a concentration-dependent manner. At pH 5.5-7.0 similar to meat pHs, 1% SPT almost completely inhibited the bacterial growth. The inhibitory effect of SPT was stronger at pH 7.0 than pH 5.5. In chicken, pork, and beef, SPT at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1% significantly inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium in a dose-dependant manner (p<0.01). The addition of 1% SPT in the meats significantly increased the meat pHs. These results indicate that SPT is very effective for inhibition of bacterial growth as a muscle food additive for increasing food safety and functions.

Effects of Adding Super Dose Phytase to the Phosphorus-deficient Diets of Young Pigs on Growth Performance, Bone Quality, Minerals and Amino Acids Digestibilities

  • Zeng, Z.K.;Wang, D.;Piao, X.S.;Li, P.F.;Zhang, H.Y.;Shi, C.X.;Yu, S.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.237-246
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    • 2014
  • Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of feeding an Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived phytase to pigs fed P deficient, corn-soybean meal diets. In Exp. 1, one hundred and twenty crossbred piglets ($9.53{\pm}0.84$ kg) were allocated to one of five treatments which consisted of four low P diets (0.61% Ca, 0.46% total P and 0.24% non-phytate P) supplemented with 0, 500, 1,000, or 20,000 FTU/kg E. coli phytase as well as a positive control formulated to be adequate in all nutrients (0.77% Ca, 0.62% total P and 0.42% non-phytate P). The treatments were applied to six pens with four pigs per pen for 28 days. In Exp. 2, ten crossbred pigs ($19.66{\pm}1.16$ kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula were used in a nutrient balance study. The pigs were assigned to treatments similar to those used in Exp. 1 in a doubly replicated $5{\pm}4$ incomplete Latin square design (5 diets with 4 periods). Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 3-d total collection of feces and urine and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. Supplementation with phytase linearly increased (p<0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, bone breaking strength and fat-free dry and ash bone weight. There were linear increases (p<0.01) in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, GE, CP, Ca, total P, inositol hexaphosphate ($IP_6$) and some AA with increasing dose of E. coli phytase. Pigs fed 20,000 FTU/kg had a greater (p<0.05) AID of IP6 (80% vs 59% or 64%, respectively) than pigs fed diets with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg phytase. There were linear increases (p<0.05) in the total tract digestibility of Ca, total P, Na, K, Mg, and Zn as well as in the retention of Mg and Zn with increased phytase dose. The retention and utilization of Cu, and the total tract digestibility of CP and Cu quadratic increased (p<0.05) with increased phytase dose. In conclusion, supplementation of 500 FTU of phytase/kg and above effectively hydrolyzed phytate in low-P corn-soybean diets for pigs. In addition, a super dose of phytase (20,000 FTU/kg) hydrolyzed most of the IP6 and consequently further improved mineral use, protein utilization and performance.

Antibacterial activity of sodium phytate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium tripolyphosphate against Salmonella typhimurium in meats

  • Hue, Jin-Joo;Baek, Dong-Jin;Lee, Yea Eun;Lee, Ki Nam;Nam, Sang Yoon;Yun, Young Won;Jeong, Jae-Hwang;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Yoo, Han Sang;Lee, Beom Jun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.449-456
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    • 2007
  • The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Although phosphates have never been classified as antimicrobial agents, a number of investigators have reported that phosphates have antimicrobial activities. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activities of sodium phytate (SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on Salmonella typhimurium in tryptic soy broth and in row meat media including chicken, pork and beef. SPY, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1% dose-dependently inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium in tryptic soy broth at various pHs. The antibacterial activities of SPT and STPP were the stronger than that of SPP. In chicken, pork, and beef, SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependant manner (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activities of SPT, SPP, and STPP were more effective in chicken than beef. SPT and STPP at the concentration of 1% reduced the bacterial count by about 2 log units. The addition of SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentration of 0.5% in meats increased the meat pHs by 0.28-0.48 units in chicken, pork, and beef. These results suggest that SPT and STPP were equally effective for the inhibition of bacterial growth both in TSB and meat media and that SPT can be used as an animal food additive for increasing shelf-life and functions of meats.