• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the respiratory function of patients with stroke was different on the ground and under water. Methods: We recruited 14 adults who had experienced a stroke (12 male, 2 female) for our study. We measured forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiratory pressure when the participants breathed on the ground and under water. On the ground, the participants were safely supported using a table and chair and were measured in a standing posture. For measuring under water, the participants were immersed in water in a standing position to clavicle height. The participants were measured while standing, and the assistant supported them when they needed help. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second were significantly lower in water than on the ground when breathing at maximum. Maximum inspiratory pressure was not significantly different when standing on the ground or in water, but maximum expiratory pressure was significantly higher in water than on the ground. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the hydrostatic pressure affecting stroke patients immersed in water affects the forced expiratory volume at one second while reducing the forced vital capacity and increasing the maximum expiratory pressure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2020

The creep and consolidation behaviors of clays subjected to thermal cycles are of fundamental importance in the application of energy geostructures. This study aims to numerically investigate the physical mechanisms for the temperature-triggered volume change of saturated clays. A recently developed thermodynamic framework is used to derive the thermo-mechanical constitutive model for clays. Based on the model, a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element (FE) code is developed. Comparison with experimental observations shows that the proposed FE code can well reproduce the irreversible thermal contraction of normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clays, as well as the thermal expansion of heavily overconsolidated clays under drained heating. Simulations reveal that excess pore pressure may accumulate in clay samples under triaxial drained conditions due to low permeability and high heating rate, resulting in thermally induced primary consolidation. Results show that four major mechanisms contribute to the thermal volume change of clays: (i) the principle of thermal expansion, (ii) the decrease of effective stress due to the accumulation of excess pore pressure, (iii) the thermal creep, and (iv) the thermally induced primary consolidation. The former two mechanisms mainly contribute to the thermal expansion of heavily overconsolidated clays, whereas the latter two contribute to the noticeable thermal contraction of normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clays. Consideration of the four physical mechanisms is important for the settlement prediction of energy geostructures, especially in soft soils.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.2267-2271
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• 2021

Background: Recently, a new home-based dysphagia rehabilitation method using information and communications technology (ICT) has been reported, but clinical evidence is still lacking. Objectives: To investigate the effects of home-based dysphagia rehabilitation using ICT on tongue muscle strength and volume in patients with developed dysphagia after stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: Twenty patients who developed dysphagia after stroke were enrolled. The experimental group received dysphagia rehabilitation in the form of ICT-based home care. In contrast, the control group received traditional rehabilitation based on swallowing under the supervision of occupational therapists. All interventions were conducted five times a week for four weeks. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant increases in tongue muscle strength and volume after the intervention (P<.05, both). However, there were no significant differences in tongue strength or volume between the two groups after the intervention (P>.05, both). Conclusion: Home-based dysphagia rehabilitation using ICT showed effects similar to those of conventional swallowing rehabilitation in patients who developed dysphagia after stroke. These findings suggest that dysphagia rehabilitation can be conducted at home without the help of a therapist.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.851-860
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• 2021

Label-free optical diffraction tomography (ODT), an imaging technology that does not require fluorescent labeling or other pre-processing, can overcome the limitations of conventional cell imaging technologies, such as fluorescence and electron microscopy. In this study, we used ODT to characterize the cellular organelles of three different stem cells-namely, human liver derived stem cell, human umbilical cord matrix derived mesenchymal stem cell, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-based on their refractive index and volume of organelles. The physical property of each stem cell was compared with that of fibroblast. Based on our findings, the characteristic physical properties of specific stem cells can be quantitatively distinguished based on their refractive index and volume of cellular organelles. Altogether, the method employed herein could aid in the distinction of living stem cells from normal cells without the use of fluorescence or specific biomarkers.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide supporting data for the clinical use of breathing exercise with a WBV stimulation as a sustained and safe intervention program, by examining the effect of breathing exercise with WBV stimulation on the pulmonary function, gait ability, and life quality in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who have difficulty performing exercise. METHODS: For this study, after collecting the samples from 20 patients with severe COPD, they were placed randomly in an experimental group to perform breathing exercises with a WBV stimulation (n = 10) and a control group to perform breathing exercises only (n=10). Before the intervention, pulmonary function, six-minute gait distance, and health-related life quality were measured as pre-tests. After applying the intervention program to the patients for 30 minutes once a day, for four days a week, for six weeks, the post-test items were remeasured in the same way as the pre-tests, and the results were analyzed. RESULTS: In the within-group comparison, both the experimental and control groups showed significant differences in the forced expiratory volume in one second, six-minute gait distance, and health-related life quality (p < .01) (p < .05). In the intergroup comparison, there were significant differences in the forced expiratory volume in one second and the six-minute gait distance (p < .05). CONCLUSION: WBV stimulation was more effective for the patients by improving the muscular strength and muscular endurance through the reflexive contraction of muscles, and increasing the exercise tolerance. This result could serve as an alternative means to clinically improve the physical function of patients with severe COPD, who have difficulty performing breathing exercises in the future.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1984

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the change in misture content on some physical properties of grains, and some relations amont the properties. Materials included ere rough rice, brown rice, barley and wheat with the range of moisture content of 6~26 percent, 7~25 percent, 10~24 percent and 6~22 percent, respectively. Kernel dimension, sphericity, kernel weight, and volume were included as the physical properties of the grains. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The ratio of grain length to the thickness was in the range of 3.59~4.16 for rough rice(Indica type), 2.98~3.27 for rough rice(Japonica type), 3.25 for brown rice (I.T.), 2.14~2.38 for brown rice(J.T.), 2.92~3.13 for barley and 2.10~2.21 for wheat, respectively. 2. The sphericity was found to be 42 percent for rough rice(I.T.), 48 percent for rough rice(J.T.), 52 percent for brown rice(I.T.), 62 percent for brown rice(J.T.), 45 percent for barley and 61 percent for wheat, respectively. 3. The kernel weight of grains was linealy increased with the increase of moisture content. At a specified moisture centent of 14 percent, the kernel weight was shown to be in the range of 4.72${\times}10^{-5}$~3.58${\times}10^{-5}$kg for wheat, 3.60${\times}10^{-5}$~3.12${\times}10^{-5}$kg for barley, 2.80${\times}10^{-5}$~2.35${\times}10^{-5}$kg for rough rice, and 2.24${\times}10^{-5}$~1.82${\times}10^{-5}$kg for brown rice, respectively. 4. The kernel volume was linearly increased with increase of moisture content. The rate of increase was significantly low for rough rice in comparison with the remaining grains. The kernel volume, at a specified moisture content of 14 percent, was in the range of 3.51${\times}10^{-8}$~2.76${\times}10^{-8}m^3$ for wheat, 2.84${\times}10^{-8}$~2.43${\times}10^{-8}m^3$ for barley, 2.93${\times}10^{-8}$~1.97${\times}10^{-8}m^3$ for rough rice, and 1.61${\times}10^{-8}$~1.29${\times}10^{-8}m^3$ for brown rice, respectively. 5. The kernel volume of grains was found to be related to the length, width, thickness and kernel weight as a exponential function. The kernel volume was shown to have correlation coefficient to the length factor rough rice and barley which were of low sphericity, while the width factor was predominant for brown rice and wheat which was of high sphericity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.2034-2040
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• 2020

The gas evolution from mixtures consisting of 0.2 M solution of N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide (TODGA) in n-alcohol (n-decanol or n-nonanol) with Isopar-M diluent was investigated during thermal oxidation. The effect of ionizing radiation on their thermal stability has been studied. It has been determined that the volume of gaseous thermolysis products increases by 260% in the case of n-nonanol and 80% in the case of n-decanol compared to non-irradiated solutions. It has been shown that the gas evolution rate and gas volume increase when the irradiated mixture saturated with nitric acid is heated. However, there are no prerequisites for the development of autocatalytic oxidation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.525-532
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• 2001

In this paper, physical properties and electrical characteristics of linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) films blended with ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA), containing polar groups within it, were investigated to improve defects of polyethylene(PE) such like space charge accumulation and tree growth. Blending method changes super-structure of LLDPE, having a great influence on electrical characteristics. For analysis of physical properties, FTIR, XRD and DSC methods were executed, and for electrical characteristics, volume resistivity and dielectric strength were measured with the varying temperature. From the results, it is confirmed that bled specimens tend to be safe to varying temperature, and specially of 70:30 and 50:50 have a good performance.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-108
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• 2001

In this paper, we evaluated the suitability of steel slag(is divided with electric arc furnace slag and converter slag) as concrete aggregate by measuring physical and chemical characteristics of it. The steel slag mainly contains SiO$_2$ and CaO as the chemical composition. The reaction with water and a little of free CaO in the slag causes slag's volume to expand. Therefore, we used several aging methods in order to decrease the characteristics of slag volume expansion. The physical properties of steel slag aggregate are researched and then the strength of concrete with the steel slag aggregate is measured.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.149-152
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• 2006

In this paper, we researched and compared the properties of steel slag(is divided with electric arc furnace slag and converter slag) as concrete aggregate by measuring physical and chemical characteristics of it. The steel slag mainly contains SiO2 and CaO as the chemical composition. The reaction with water and a little of free CaO in the slag causes slag's volume to expanse. Therefore, we used several aging methods in order to decrease the characteristics of slag volume expansion. The physical properties of steel slag aggregate is researched and then the strength of concrete with the steel slag aggregate is measured.