• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1994

An understanding of the structure and function of mammalian spermatozoa requires the iso-lation of these components. In this study, frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa were treated by physical treatments (vortexing, 26 gauge needle, strained 26 gauge needles and freezing-thawing) or chemical treatments (trypsin, dithiothreitol, sodium dodecylsulfate and $\beta$-mercaptoethanoJ) to yield free heads and tails. The most effective treatment was repeated pumping of sperm suspension through a strained 26 gauge needle conneted to a syringe. Spermatozoa by this treatment were mainly broken at the junction of the head and the tail, resulting in 90-100% yields. Also, sperm head surface did not modify during strained 26 gauge needle treatment when either spermatozoa or sperm heads were incubated in 250${\mu}\textrm{g}$/ml of FITC-UEA 1 for 1 h at room temperature to detect the modification of sperm surface components. Other physical treatments were less efficient for the breakdown of spermatozoa. The effects of chemical treatments on bovine spermatozoa are not noticeable. Dissected sperm heads and tails should be fractional leading to nearly pure components by sucrose gradient centrifugation at 1,000 rpm for 15 min. The result suggest that the established method may be useful for the biochemical study of spermatozoal components, and the understanding of oocyte activation mechanism either by spermatozoal components during fertilization or microinjection of isolated components.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

This research work explored physical and mechanical properties of impregnated sawdust boards from three softwood species (P, densifora, L. kaemferi, and P. koraiensis) with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin by various vacuum treatment methods of combining pressure, vacuum, and ultrasonic waves. Simultaneous vacuum and ultrasonic wave treatments with no pressure resulted in the greatest increase in resin content, density, dimensional changes (thickness and length), bending strength, and hardness of impregnated board. This result seemed to be attributed to the ultrasonic wave treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

PURPOSE: High-intensity physical therapy may help improve some gross motor developmental delays through an increased treatment frequency. This study describes an increase in physical therapy frequency and intensity over an eight-week time frame for a child with a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS: A single-subject research was performed. The subject was a nine-year-old boy with MECP2 Duplication Syndrome. The outcome measure consisted of one time before and after the intervention. An intensive physical therapy program was applied to this subject. The treatments included reciprocal crawling, high kneeling, tailor sitting, weight-bearing and shifting training to facilitate ankle balance strategies and training to walk without assistance. RESULTS: After the eight-week follow-up, the child achieved a gradual improvement in the gross motor function measures, and the mother reported that the child frequently engaged in tailor sitting and independently walking. CONCLUSION: This case study highlights that intensive physical therapy improved the overall motor function of a child with MECP2 duplication syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2013

In the management of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorders, dental practioner should conduct the reversible, conservative, and inexpensive treatment modalities prior to the irreversible and invasive treatment. That is to say, behavioral, pharmacologic, and physical therapy should be conducted firstly, and then the occlusal appliance therapy could be considered. If patients do not react to these conservative treatments, we have to consider surgical treatments. If the accurate diagnosis is confirmed by intimate history taking, clinical and imaging examinations, we can rehabilitate the normal TMJ function and relieve the clinical symptoms with only conservative treatments in most TMJ disorder cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1987

In this study, electrostatic behavior of polyester and nylon fabric treated with anti-static agents were investigated. The effects of the concentration of the agents and curing conditions on the electrostatic charge of the fabrics were studied. And washfastness, lightfastness and physicalproperties of the treated fabrics were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) Polyethylene glycol alkylester was more effective in antistatic behavior than polyethylene laurylphosphate, and polyester is more effective in anti-static behavior than nylon. 2) Concentration of anti-static agents were suitable in concentration of $4\%$. 3) Glyoxal resin was more effective in anti-static behavior than melamine resin, and it was also good in the retaing anti-static behavior after treatments of lightfastness and washfastness. 4) As the condition of curing treatment, $190^{\circ}C$, 1min. for glyoxal resin and $130^{\circ}C$, 4min. for melamine resin is appropriate. 5) In comparison of anti-static behavior according to treating conditions, the simultaneous treatment was more effective than any other treatments. 6) Change of electrostatic charge of anti-static nylon cloths after treatments of lightfastness and washfastness increased greatly in above 10 laundering time and 20 fade-O-meter time. 7) In physical properties according to concentration of treating agents. decrease of physical properties scarcely appeared in concentration of treating agents $4\~5\%$.

• Carbon letters
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

This paper describes the physical properties of filled Nylon6 composites resin with nano-sized carbon black particle and graphite nanofibers prepared by melt extrusion method. In improving adhesions between resin and fillers, the surface of the carbon filler materials were chemically modified by thermo-oxidative treatments and followed by treatments of silane coupling agent. Crystallization temperature and rate of crystallization increased with increases in filler concentration which would act as nuclei for crystallization. The silane treatments on the filler materials showed effect of reduction in crystallization temperature, possibly from enhancement in wetting property of the surface of the filler materials. Percolation transition phenomenon at which the volume resistivity was sharply decreased was observed above 9 wt% of carbon black and above 6 wt% of graphite nanofiber. The graphite nanofibers contributed to more effectively in an increase in electrical conductivity than carbon black did, on the other hand, the silane coupling agent negatively affected to the electrical conductivity due to the insulating property of the silane. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) phenomenon, was observed as usual in other composites, that is, temperature increase results conductivity increase. The dispersity of the fillers were excellently approached by melt extrusion of co-rotational twin screw type and it could be illustrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was undertaken by the department of Korean neuropsychiatry, to evaluate the effects of M&L psychotherapy and Korean Medical Treatments on hospitalized North Korean defectors.Methods: We treated two patients with indigenous Korean medical therapies (acupuncture and herb-medicine) and M&L psychotherapy. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-mental state examination Korean Version (MMSE-K), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the patients.Results: Following observations were made after treatments. Case 1: the patient had significant improvement in Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Case 2: similar improvements were observed. Here, the patient had undergone Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-mental state examination Korean Version (MMSE-K), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In addition, noticeable improvement was observed in other accompanying symptoms.Conclusions: These results suggest that M&L Psychotherapy and Korean medical treatments might be effective for treating the psychiatric and physical symptoms of hospitalized North Korean Defectors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurons, resulting in motor weakness of the limbs and/or bulbar muscles. Pain is a prevalent but neglected symptom of ALS, and it has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies of pain in ALS to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes related to pain. Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with ALS, with a variable reported prevalence. It may occur at any stage of the disease and can involve any part of the body without a specific pattern. Primary pain includes neuropathic pain and pain from spasticity or cramps, while secondary pain is mainly nociceptive, occurring with the progression of muscle weakness and atrophy, prolonged immobility causing degenerative changes in joints and connective tissue, and long-term home mechanical ventilation. Prior to treatment, the exact patterns and causes of pain must first be identified, and the treatment should be tailored to each patient. Treatment options can be classified into pharmacological treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, drugs for cramps or spasticity, and opioid; and nonpharmacological treatments, including positioning, splints, joint injections, and physical therapy. The development of standardized and specific assessment tools for pain-specific to ALS is required, as are further studies on treatments to reduce pain, diminish suffering, and improve the quality of life of patients with ALS.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2020

Positional plagiocephaly is increasing in infants. Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetric deformation of skull due to various reasons; first birth, assisted labor, multiple pregnancy, prematurity, congenital muscular torticollis and position of head. Positional plagiocephaly can mostly be diagnosed clinically and by physical examinations. The simplest way to assess the severity of plagiocephaly is to use a diagonal caliper during physical examination, which measures the difference between the diagonal lengths on each side of the head. Plagiocephaly can be treated surgically or conservatively. Positional plagiocephaly, which is not accompanied by craniosynostosis, is treated conservatively. Conservative treatments involve a variety of treatments, such as change of positions, physiotherapy, massage therapy, and helmet therapy. Systematic approaches to clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly can be necessary and the age-appropriate treatment is recommended for patients with positional plagiocephaly.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

${\ulcorner}$Euibangyoochui${\lrcorner}$ is a great medical encyclopedia composed of 91 symptoms and signs of diseases which classified 150 kinds of reference books. It consisted mainly of fifty thousands of herbal prescriptions and therapeutics but it deals with other treatments like diet therapy, precautions, acupuncture and moxibustion, physical and breathing exercises as well. Unlike other medical references, this book made up these treatments as independent chapters. We tried to catch the meanings and characteristics of each chapters.