• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.215-228
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• 1996

Pain is a protective mechanism for the body in that it occurs when tissues are damaged. Patients who need physical therapy intervention has various pain. Thus, pain is one of aim for physical therpay. The purposes of this review are to give information and basic data for pain control which is related physical therapy. We discuss about pain pathways, pain theory, type of pain, variance which is affected pain, assessment tools, and managing pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of present study was to improve communication of pain expressing terms and pain intensity between patient and physical therapist, and initiated to objectify a measurement of subjective pain. Methods : Data were delivered to 249 people by a self-completion questionnaire, and analyzed 160 copies except for 87 mark error of the collected 247 questionnaires. The questionnaire included a question on 55 terms used to describe pain, the type of the pain, and pain intensity using VAS (visual analogue scale). Results : The results were as follows; 'Tight' was the most frequently being expressed term of muscular pain, subsequently to 'knot' and 'dull'. 'Tear' was the term representing the most strong pain of muscular pain, subsequently to 'rupture' and 'squeeze'. 'Stinging' was the most frequently being expressed term of neurologic pain, subsequently to 'get shocked' and 'wriggle'. 'Burn' was the term representing the most strong pain of neurologic pain, subsequently to 'sear' and 'get shocked'. 'Creak' was the most frequently being expressed term of joint pain, subsequently to 'peel' and 'out of joint'. 'Break' was the term representing the most strong pain of joint pain, subsequently to 'peel' and 'crack'. Conclusion : The objectification of pain terms will be used to help physical therapist to check the patient's pain.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the associations between physical therapists' work-related musculoskeletal pain, quality of life (QoL), and presenteeism. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires were given to 402 physical therapists in Korea. Variables examined included the prevalence of pain sites related to work, pain intensity, pain pattern, pain frequency, pain duration, pain rating score (PRS), general characteristics, QoL, and presenteeism. Results: Of the 314 physical therapists who responded, 251 (79.9%) reported work -related musculoskeletal pain in at least one body part. The most affected regions included the wrist and hand (21.0%), shoulder (19.6%), and lower back (19.1%). On average patients, QoL and presenteeism differed significantly between physical therapists who reported pain and those who did not (P < 0.05). QoL showed a negative correlation with the work-related musculoskeletal pain (P < 0.01) and presenteeism (P < 0.01), while the presenteeism and work-related musculoskeletal pain showed positive one(P < 0.01). Factors influencing a physical therapist's QoL included presenteeism, Working venues (Convalescent hospital), Work status (Contra ct worker) and professional experience, while the presenteeism included QoL, work status (Intern), PRS, working venues (Convalescent hospital), Area of specialty (Pediatrics), age, sex and working hour. Conclusions: Results show that physical therapists appear to be at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, administrators need to use the intervention strategies to manage the presenteeism and QoL of physical therapists.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

Purpose: Physical therapists are likely to be exposed to work-related musculoskeletal pain due to excessive repetitive tasks. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life of physical therapists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaires was sent to 200 physical therapists at in Seoul and Kyoungido. The questionnaires was returned by 170 physical therapists. The questionnaire had included 4 items that coveringed demographic information, areas of musculoskeletal problems, pain rating scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. The analysis was completed using descriptive statistics, and differences between pain and demographic variables were identified using the chi-square test. The relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life was analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was 76.8%. The most affected pain sites included the low back (48.8%), shoulder (45.,2%), hand and wrist (43.5%), and neck (33.3%). Pain ratings of subjects with pain was were moderate. There was a A significant difference for the subdomains of quality of life was observed between the subjects with musculoskeletal pain and those without pain. Weak negative correlations (r=-0.28) were observed between pain rating scale and QOL. Conclusion: These findings show that physical therapists appear to be at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain and physical domain of QOL. Therefore, Ffurther research is needed to investigate examine the effect of risk factors and ergonomics as physical load, general health status on prevalence of musculoskeletal pain.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.76-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between pain intensity, physical impairments, disability, and psychological factors according to the difference in duration of low back pain. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 102 participants with low back pain, divided into two groups equal in number: The first group consisted of patients with acute and subacute low back pain, while the second group consisted of patients suffering from chronic low back pain. The results showed that gender, age, pain intensity, physical impairment, disability and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs (FABs) for work activities were not significantly different between two groups. FABs for physical activities of the first group were significantly more prevalent than in the second group. More than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, physical impairment, and disability in the first group. Less than moderate correlations were found between pain intensity, physical impairment, disability, FABs, and depression in the second group. These findings suggest that we must consider psychological factors in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Regression analyses revealed that pain intensity and FABs for work activities significantly contributed to the prediction of disability in the first group. Also, pain intensity and FABs for physical activities significantly contributed to the prediction of disability in the second group. Pain intensity was most important predictor of disability in two groups.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate differences in pain, pain interference, and fatigue, according to the level of physical activity in the elderly with chronic pain. Methods: Data were collected between January and March 2011 from 116 elders with chronic pain living in community settings. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The reliability of the instruments was tested with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, which ranged from .91 to .93. Results: The results were as follows. The mean total physical activity was 2287.4 MET-min/week, and 41.4% of the investigated subjects were classified into the low physical activity group. After adjusting for age and sex, the moderate and high physical activity groups were significantly lower in pain (F=6.33, p=.002), pain interference (F=11.57, p<.001), and fatigue (F=3.16, p=.046) than the low physical activity group. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that the level of physical activity can influence pain, pain interference and fatigue. Therefore, incorporating more physical activities into daily routines, inactive elderly individuals may improve their pain, pain interference and fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Background: Many patients with chronic low back pain have reduced movement due to pain. For that reason, muscle strength weakens, which leads to pain again. The pain caused by such a vicious circle is not only caused by structural problems, but also by physical function, activity disorder, or psychological depression due to biopsychosocial approaches and pain neuroscience education was applied as an intervention to find out its effect. Therefore, this study was experimented with to find out the effects of pain neuroscience education on pain, physical function, activity disorder, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized control trial Method: The study subjects were 39 patients with chronic low back pain, and the study subjects were randomized through computers to the experimental group applying pain neuroscience education and the control group applying only general physical therapy and myofascial release techniques, and the experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. Pressure Pain Threshold , Schober test, Korean Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Korean Oswestry Disability Index, and Korean Depression Screening Assessment were measured. Results: As a result of the study, there was no significant difference in pain neuroscience education compared to the group that applied only general physical therapy and myofascial release techniques in both lumbar pressure pain thresholds, Schober test, Korean Roland-Morris disability questionnaire, and Korean Oswestry disability questionnaire. However, the Korean Depression Screening Assessment which is the result of measuring depression, showed significant results(p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it is believed that it can be a way to mediate the psychological part through pain neuroscience education for patients with chronic low back pain in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.677-683
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• 2001

The object of this study is in the comparison of level of depression between patients with chronic low back pain & normal adult, of the relation between reduction of pain & level of depression and in the examination of the influence of traditional physical therapy against the reduction of pain & level of depression of the patients with chronic low back pain for the new recognition of psychological factors to the physical therapists as well as patients. This study was targeted for 40 patients with chronic low back pain who were diagnosed as lumbar sprain & herniated intervertebral disk and compared & analyzed how traditional physical therapy has an influence to their reduction of pain and level of depression by questioning with visual an analog scale of Beck's depression inventory & pain inventory to them. The results are as follows. 1. Traditional physical therapy has an effect in the reduction of pain of the patients with chronic low back pain. 2. Although traditional physical therapy relieved a little the level of depression of patients with chronic low back pain. there was no evident effect statistically. 3. In the relation between the reduction of pain and level of depression, level of depression also showed somewhat relief according to the reduction of pain and appeared that they have some relationship. However, it's degree was not big. 4. In the comparison of the level of depression between the normal adult and the patient with chronic low back pain, the level of depression of the patient with low back pain are high rather than that of normal adult.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.299-302
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of spinal decompression therapy on pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic low back pain were divided into an experimental group (spinal decompression therapy, n=10) and a control group (conservative physical therapy, n=10). Both groups were treated three times a week over a four-week period. Results: The comparison of between-group changes post-treatment revealed statistically significant lower levels of pain and disability in the experimental group than the control group. The comparison of within each group changes before and after the treatment showed statistically significant declines in pain and disability indexes of both groups. Conclusion: Spinal decompression therapy may be an effective intervention for improving pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2007

Purpose: This research was conducted to compare the effects of drug therapy, physical therapy, and exercise on pain, disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 28 patients for the drug therapy & physical therapy, 24 patients for the drug therapy & exercise, and 22 patients for the physical therapy & exercise. Data was collected by MVAS, Oswestry disability questionnaires, and questionnaires of depression. It was analyzed by paired t-test for effectiveness, ANOVA, and Scheffe for comparison of the effects of the 3 experimental treatments, using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: There were no effects of drug therapy & physical therapy on pain, disability, and depression. However, there were effects of drug therapy & exercise and the physical therapy & exercise on pain, disability, and depression. The effects of physical therapy & exercise on pain, disability, and depression were the greatest, but there was no statistically significant differences between the drug therapy & exercise and the physical therapy & exercise. Conclusions: Exercise is regarded as a more effective and easily accessible nursing intervention to apply alone than drug therapy or physical therapy simultaneously in reducing pain, disability and depression.