• Architectural research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2005

This study discusses "mechanisms" in a research facility, specifically focusing on the question of how we can understand what happens in the physical environment and the communication between researchers. This study attempts to address this question by examining two physical settings, before and after the move of one research-educational facility, the Institute of Paper Science and Technology. The objective of the study is to suggest conceptual models to comprehend the relationships between spatial layouts and communication. The study examines the underlying mechanism of how the levels of communication meet the layers of spatial structure. The paper has four parts. First, the preceding studies will be reviewed evoking some issues of communication and physical setting in research facilities. Second a conceptual typology in office plan will be developed providing a theoretical framework to review the spatial organization of the subject research facility, the Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST). Third, the spatial organization of the former building (before the move) and the present building (after the move) of IPST will be analyzed. Finally, conceptual models of the mechanism between the communication and the spatial organization will be drawn up.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.243-269
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• 2008

The role of domain-specific causal mechanism information and domain-general conditional probability in young children's causal reasoning on physics and psychology was investigated with the participation of 121 3-year-olds and 121 4-year-olds recruited from seven child care centers in Seoul, Kyonggi Province, and Busan. Children watched moving pictures on physical and psychological phenomena, and were asked to choose an appropriate cause and justify their choice. Results showed that young children's causal reasoning differed depending on domain-specific mechanism. In addition, their causal reasoning on physics and psychology differed by the developmental level of causal mechanism. The interaction of domain-specific mechanism and domain-general conditional probability influenced children's causal reasoning : evident conditional probability between domain-appropriate cause and effect helped children make more inferences based on domain-specific causal mechanism.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.344-354
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• 2015

In order to study the development of partial discharge (PD) under typical protrusion defects in gas-insulated switchgear, we applied step voltages on the defect and obtained the ${\varphi}-u$ and ${\varphi}-n$ spectrograms of ultra-high frequency (UHF) PD signals in various PD stages. Furthermore, we extracted seven kinds of features to characterize the degree of deterioration of insulation and analyzed their values, variation trends, and change rates. These characteristics were inconsistent with the development of PD. Hence, the differences of these features could describe the severity of PD. In addition, these characteristics could provide integrated characteristics regarding PD development and improve the reliability of PD severity assessment because these characteristics were extracted from different angles. To explain the variation laws of these seven kinds of parameters, we analyzed the relevant physical mechanism by considering the microphysical process of PD formation and development as well as the distortion effect generated by the space charges on the initial field. The relevant physical mechanism effectively allocated PD severity among these features for assessment, and the effectiveness and reliability of using these features to assess PD severity were proved by testing a large number of PD samples.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-194
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• 2001

The environment is composed of at least two components, the natural and the human-made one. Nonetheless, the environment is being used to connote the natural environment. Moreover, even though the components of environment exist in a mutual relationship as a mechanism, it is rare to study the components of environment and their system as a mechanism. With such an implication, this paper aims to identify the components of environment and their system. The components of environment can be categorized by two criteria. One is the subject of creating environment, and the other is the visuality of environment. The former categorizes the environment into the natural and the human-made one, and the latter into physical and nonphysical one. Integrating the two criteria into a framework, the environment can be categorized into the natural, the human-made physical, and the human-made nonphysical environment. The three categories of environment exist interrelatedly in a mechanism being characterized as a mutual impact. The mechanism may be called the environmental system. The environmental system can be analyzed in terms of two dimensions. One is a human-inclusive system. The other is a human-centered system. The former is a framework that includes humans as a component of environment. The latter is a framework that humans are the subject of the environment, and the others surrounding human life are the object of the environment. The former is defined as a circular system of material and energy, while the latter is defined as a mutual subjective-objective system.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.70-84
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• 2019

Purposes: Despite a lot of prior studies on psychological empowerment on positive outcomes, the objectives of this paper were to examine the role of psychological empowerment on informal learning and the mediation role of informal learning between psychological empowerment and outcome variables focused upon physical therapists working in hospital industry. Methodology: Using survey methods, the data were collected from 198 physical therapists who have worked in Ulsan city and attended in annual meeting. Findings: Results showed that psychological empowerment predicted informal learning positively but differences in mediational mechanism. Specifically, the path between psychological empowerment and proactive behavior partially mediated but no mediating effect between psychological empowerment and helping behavior. This study identified the main role of psychological empowerment on informal learning, and it expands on positive functions of the concept to learning area in organizations. The other results help advanced understanding of differential mechanism through informal learning in the process between psychological empowerment and both outcomes. Practical Implications: The current study contributes to expend the area of prior findings on psychological empowerment to learning activities implemented by individual volunteer effort. For hospitals operating the teams of physical therapy, the significance for considering psychological empowerment is highlighted as for individual growth related to job and for change behavior in the individual level.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2002

Pain, which is the most significant issue for the physical therapist, is the cause of various diseases until it disappears, and results in a lot of obstructions to treatment. Pain is very complicated. It is a subjective symptom that informs of a pathologic condition in the body, and one of the unpleasant experiences that people have. It is accompanied with anxiety and fear. Many researchers including Krause(1987) have identified the pain mechanism based on pain perception for many centuries and they have suggested many theories as they believed that pain management was possible. Reviewing the contents of psychoanalysis, uncontrollable pain that can't be explained is described as a defense mechanism to an unconscious psychological conflict. That is, mental pain is transferred to the body and the pain becomes unbearable. What is important is, like Keefe(1992) said, that the pain experience itself is primary stress and one should cope with it, whatever the cause of the pain. This paper investigates the background of the psychological theory of pain. Based on the efforts of previous studies, the next research generation will understand the treatment process for pain more dearly and will contribute to the prevention and protection from pain that humans undergo.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 2022

Background: In physical activity or labor, the human body is in a state of high intensity stress, and all parts or physiological functions of the body respond positively to maintain or balance the need for movement. The human body has many physiological changes in the process of movement, and fatigue is the external manifestation of various complex changes inside the human body. Fatigue is also a physiological mechanism of self-protection after the body reaches a certain level of activity, which can prevent the occurrence of life-threatening excessive functional failure. The generation of fatigue is a very complex process, and its mechanism has not been concluded yet. Therefore, it is an important work to search and screen the effective components of natural plants that have anti-fatigue effect and to explore their mechanism. Methods: This was a 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 subjects who passed physical examination were included according to the scheme design, and randomly divided into a test group which was given KRG and a placebo control group. The calculation is carried out according to the standard of sub-high-intensity exercise test. Results: There was no adverse effect on safety index of subjects after taking red ginseng capsule. After KRG treatment, subjective strength grade is significant lower than placebo treatment. Blood lactic acid content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Creatine phosphokinase(CK) content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Conclusion: According to the criterion in the test scheme, the result shows that KRG is helpful on relieving physical fatigue.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.747-757
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• 2005

A physical variable is customarily thought of as a function. Another way of describing a physical variable is to specify it as a functional, whose special type is called a distribution. It turns out that the distribution concept provide a better mechanism for analyzing certain physical phenomena than does the function concept. By using wavelets with high regularity we give a resolution of functions with slow growth.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.142.2-142
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• 1998

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.219-226
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• 2002

Vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGFs) constitute a group of structurally and functionally related growth factor that modulate many important physiological functions of endothelial cells, especially angiogenesis. This paper explain substance, which participate in signaling transduction of VEGF, including Bcl-2, caspase, focal adhesion kinase(FAK), integrin ${\alpha}v{\beta}3$, MAP kinase, nitric oxide(NO)and prostacyclin(PGI2). Physical therapy enhance angiogenesis for repairment of injury which as wound healing, muscle contusion, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore this review assist understanding for mechanism of physical therapy as therapeutic angiogenesis.