• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6118-6127
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• 2012

The Mesopotamia civilization is developed by physical geography. It began from Sumer civilization at BC 3800 and finished to Assyria and Babylonia civilization at BC 600. Therefore, to examine the changing process of the city of 3,000 years standing, it is important to know the elements of the influence to the initial human civilization and city. This study analyzed the 13 cities, that the city were among the 30 the city in same age. As a result of this study, firstly, functions of the city were gradually transition from the farming culture to the functions of commerce, trade, and military. Secondly, the location of the city was gradually move into northern from southern, it is associated with features of the city. Thirdly, the aspect of urban form, the hills above the city of Tel's shape was gradually coming down to the plains. So later, became a form of urban planning undisturbed terrain. fourthly, urban structure has slowly changed from the temple based city to palace based city.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.94-107
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• 2006

This study aims to make an analysis of the innovation milieu in connection with the agricultural products and distribution system, and suggest policy alternatives for agricultural development and rural community. The decisions on the agricultural management are highly depend on the individual farm household' conditions(labor force or profits) rather than the crop units(JAKMOKBAN) or others. The partnerships of the innovation agents and trust between the individual farm households are considerably weak. From this paper, we suggest as follows to improve the regional agricultural industry and rural community development. The individual farm households need to convert market-oriented production system. And it is more important to enhance the innovation milieu than to enlarge physical infrastructure for agricultural development and rural community.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.561-581
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• 2006

Machines, cities and bodies have been evolved together for a long time, and the recent development of information and communication technologies has transformed cities and bodies into new forms. Concerned with the relations between machines, cities and bodies, this paper explores how mobile networks are related with the physical space of the city and the psychological space of the body. The paper is organised into four main sections. First, it provides a theoretical review of the ways in which mobile networks transform urban spaces and human bodies. Secondly, it explains the generation of mobile networks through technological and institutional changes in Korea. Thirdly, it looks at the socio-spatial scales and time-space landscapes of mobile networks in relation to mobile users' motions and practices in their everyday lives. Finally, it attends to the ways in which mobile networks involve the production of paradoxical emotional spaces in relation to mobile users' emotions and desires to be dis/connected with mobile networks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.459-472
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• 2015

Weathering hollows which develop on various rocks are the terrain whose lithological characteristics and formation of the bed rock is under active discussion. The shore in Dapyeong-ri, Sacheon-si has alternation of strata of pelite and sandstone, and the weathering hollows develop on the shore platform and the sea cliff where sandstone is exposed. To analyze the development characteristics of weathering hollows by development of joints, interpenetration of veins and physical and chemical features of the stone, the study conducted a topographic investigation, XRD analysis and an observation using a polarizing microscope. As the result of the investigation and analysis, tafoni and gnamma are spread in the same area and new tafoni is being formed as the existing weathering hollows are destroyed by the expansion and growth of the joint. The vein, which was found to be a quartz vein, may accelerate the development of weathering hollows combining with the joint but may also hamper their growth if the veins are penetrating perpendicularly. It is generally known that weathering hollows develop regardless of the type of rocks, however, the analysis on the lithological features show that the development is limited on the fractured and broken rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.360-374
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• 2010

The distributions, factors, and vegetation covers of debris slopes and changes of debris at the eastern Ongjeom-ri, Cheongsong-gun are analyzed. The important factors influencing on the developments of the slopes are felsites having advantages to the developments of cliffs and supply of enough debris, and the relatively long days below zero temperatures promoting the physical weathering processes. The distributional areas of the slopes at southern and western slopes are more extensive than those of northern and eastern slopes due to the active water evaporation by high insolation. The Ga area at eastern Ongjeom-ri has experienced the steady decreases of area of the slopes due to the vegetation covers and shows the increasing rates of vegetation covers of $431.0m^2/yr$ as averaged values. However, it is estimated at the Na area using terrestrial LIDAR that 1 or 2 debris were moved or displaed per year in slope.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.423-437
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• 2014

Districting is a spatial decision making process to make a new regional framework for affecting human activities. Natural barriers such as rivers and mountains located within a reorganized district may reduce the efficiency of reorganized human activities. This implies that it is necessary to consider boundary characteristics in a districting process. The purpose of this research is to develop a new spatial optimization model based on boundary characteristics for districting problems. The boundary characteristics are evaluated as continuous value expressing the possibility of combining adjacent two basic spatial units rather than a dichotomous value with 1 or 0 and are defined as an objective function in the model. In addition, the model has explicitly formulated contiguity constraints as well as constraints enforcing demand balance among districts such as population and area. The boundary attributes are categorized into physical and relational characteristics. Suitability analysis is used to combine various variables related to each boundary characteristic and to evaluate the coupling possibility between two neighboring basic units. The model is applied to an administrative redistricting problem. The analytical results demonstrate that various boundary characteristics could be modeled in terms of mixed integer programming (MIP).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-70
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• 2013

The creation of new economic paradigm shift in creative economy age have influence on the characteristics of social networks and space, it leads to the formation of new relationship in space depending on social network service development. In this paper, it gives a name to 'social network resource' the power affecting these features and to find the meaning of spatial changes in the economic geography perspectives. 'Social network resource' shows the characteristics of openness, sharing, participation and cooperation, with features of encompassing all the features of local and global characteristics in space. This features are related the meaning of 'trans-locality' and can be found in the case of 'WikiSeoul.com (http:/www.wikiseoul.com)', Seoul's social knowledge sharing web platform. In particular, physical resources, human resources, information resources, and the characteristics of the relationship as a resource features was found and these features appear in space is projected to the space of social relations, it reflects the characteristics of qualitative space regarding social network resource.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.5 s.104
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• pp.722-734
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• 2004

Longitudinal profiles of bedrock rivers play a fundamental role in landscape history by setting the boundary conditions for landform evolution. Longitudinal profiles are changed with climatic conditions, lithology and tectonic movements. Tectonic movement is an important factor controlling longitudinal profiles, especially in tectonically active area where uplift rates are regarded as a major factor controlling channel gradient. However study on bedrock channel has made little progress, because controls over bedrock river incision are yet to be clarified. Previous numerical simulations have used a simple diffusion model, which links together the overall processes of bedrock channel erosion as in other landform evolution models. In this study, previous bedrock incision models based on physical processes (especially abrasion) are reviewed and new modifications are introduced. Using newly formulated numerical model, the role of spatial pattern and intensity of tectonic uplift on changes in river longitudinal profile was simulated and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.442-464
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• 2011

This study aims to provide research fields and topics to complement, extend and develop the geographical toponymy in Korea, largely based on a summary of topics discussed in the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). The Korean toponymic research has generally focused on revealing human, social and physical characteristics of the region by investigating the creation and change of the geographical names, with the perspective of creator and owner of the toponyms. Toponymic researches in the UNGEGN, in comparison, have put forward with the mission of standardization of geographical names and with specific emphasis on the users of toponyms. The topics include diverse forms of toponyms by user groups, roles of language groups, preservation of toponyms with specific value, etc. As research directions for an establishment of extended geographical toponymy accommodating discussions in the UNGEGN, further research topics are suggested; use of exonyms and endonyms in the Korean language, the nature of geographical feature and perception over it, writing systems for inter-language communication, and geographical names as intagible cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.425-441
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• 2011

Ridge traversing trail in Mount Jiri National Park is classified as flat, gully-like, unilateral, and asymmetric bilateral, paths based on a location and gradient of paths. These types are interchangeable due to a drainage condition of trail surfaces. Using a rapid survey, the trail is 135.9 cm wide, 23.6 cm deep and $5.1^{\circ}$ in a gradient, respectively. All treads have been compacted due to human trampling. The path width is affected by a slope aspect and a distribution of Sasa borealis. An asymmetric path is wider than a symmetric path. A soil erosion rate is equivalent to $68.9cm^2/year$ for the period from 1960 to 2009, suggesting that the trail has been widened 2.7 cm/year and the tread lowered 0.4 cm/year. Trampling and needle ice action combined with rainwash induced by a pipeflow are dominant erosion processes contributing to the trail expansion.