• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in pulmonary functioning after respiratory exercise with IPPB (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breather) in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). The subjects were 46 patients with PMD who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Youngdong Severance Hospital. The subjects were assigned into one of 2 groups. The control group received comprehensive treatments such as ROM exercise, deep breathing exercise, moist hot packs, and ultrasound twice a day while admitted at the Rehabilitation Medicine Department. Unlike the control group, the subjects at the experimental group received respiratory exercise treatment with IPPB. The subjects were admitted for 10~19 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 12.2 days. Pulmonary functioning was evaluated at admission and discharge by SENSOR MEDICS. The data were analyzed by a paired t-test and a independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1) The change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests were significantly improved in all groups after respiratory exercise treatment during admission (p<0.05). 2) By comparing the change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests between the experimental group and control group, the parameters of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity, forced vital capacity predicted (FVCP) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly improved in the experimental group which had received the pulmonary exercise treatment with IPPB (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that the pulmonary exercise treatments with IPPB facilitated improvement in the pulmonary functioning for the PMD patients during their hospital stay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.33-44
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the research trends related to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to suggest an ICF utilization plan in the Korean clinical field. METHODS: In the RISS, KISS, NSDL, and PubMed databases, papers published between 2016 and July 2021 were collected by applying the search terms, 'ICF', 'international classification of functioning, disability and health', 'clinic', 'patient', and 'diagno'. The 44 papers selected were classified according to the analysis criteria, and the frequency and percentage were calculated. RESULTS: In domestic clinical trials, the frequency of ICF-related studies was in the order of physical therapy (n = 19) and occupational therapy (n = 14). The frequency of each study subject was observed in the order of studies related to a specific disease (n = 34) and prior studies (n = 7). The research topics were in the order of studies using ICF as a measurement tool (n = 21) and case studies with patients with specific diseases (n = 11). There were 18 studies using ICF codes and 14 papers applying the ICF domains. CONCLUSION: Over the last five years, ICF-related research in the domestic clinical field targeted patients with more diverse diseases in more expertise fields. Research for the unification of terms should be conducted for communication among various experts in clinical practice. To promote the use of ICF in the clinical field, it will be necessary to conduct research, such as the unification of terms, standardized education, development of ICF casebook, and development of ICF coding programs and guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.371-381
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop the day care program for the demented elders and to determine the effects of multiple activity therapies on the physical, emotional, cognitive, social function and physiological indicators of dementia elders in day care center. Method: A total of 13 elders with mild dementia in the data care center were participated. Manual and guideline of data care program was developed. Data care program was composed of movement/exercise, foot massage, music therapy, horticultural therapy, and art therapy. Data care program was performed by trained intervener for 32 weeks. Instruments were physical functioning such as hand grip strength., vital capacity, chiar stand test, sit and reach test, one leg standing, Berg' Balance scale, 6m Walk Velocity, stair climb, ADL, GDS-K, MMSE-K, Integrative Social Functioning Scale, cortisol, Ig A and Ig G. These were measured at the baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention by the trained nurses. Data were analyzed as Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: For Hand grip, balance, and vital capacity, there was a significant difference between baseline and 16-week post-intervention(p<.05). For one leg standing, 6m velocity, there was a significant difference between 16-week post-intervention and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For Stair climb, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). For depression and social functioning, there was no significant difference among baseline, 16-week, and 32-week post-intervention. For cognitive functioning, there was a significant difference between baseline and 32-week post intervention(p<.05). There was a significant difference of cortisol, and Ig G between baseline and 32-week post-intervention(p<.05). Conclusion: It would appear that physical fitness, functional performance, ADL, depression, social and cognitive functioning, and physiological indicator of community dwelling elders with dementia can be improved through day care program using multiple stimuli.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.515-525
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a customized health promotion program (CHPP) on depression, cognitive functioning, and physical health of elderly women living alone in the community. Methods: A randomized comparison of pre-and post-test design was used with 62 participants assigned to either an intervention (n=32 in seven clusters) or a control group (n=30 in seven clusters) in 14 areas of a town. The final sample included 30 intervention participants who completed the CHPP for 10 weeks, and 26 control participants. The intervention group participated in the CHPP weekly; they were provided with instructions about coping with their chronic illnesses, lifestyle modification, risk management, providing emotional support to each other, and floor-seated exercise, which they were encouraged to do three times a week in their homes. Results: Significant group differences were found in depression (U=48.50, p<.001), cognitive functioning (U=2.50, p<.001), left arm flexibility (U=251.50, p=.023), right arm flexibility (U=225.00, p=.007), static balance (U=237.00, p=.012), and gait ability (U=190.50, p=.004). However, there were no significant differences in bothgrip strength and muscle mass between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that CHPP was overall effective at improving depression, cognitive functioning, and physical functioning of elderly women living alone, and could therefore be considered a positive program for community-dwelling elderly women living alone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.321-327
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose was to link items of questionnaires that measure functioning and disability of persons with Low Back Pain (LBP) into the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RM), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), and Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) were evaluated to map items of those questionnaires into the ICF categories. The linking rule was employed and linking was performed independently by 10 health professionals. One-hundred and two patients with LBP were recruited from 19 medical institutes to this study for a field test to examine relations between the scale and its linked ICF category set. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze their relationships. Results: Walking was only found to be one-to-one linking between the scale and the ICF. Sixty questions in FABQ were to be linked to 9 of ICF categories. Ten and 14 ICF categories were able to be linked to RM and ODI respectively. It was found that majority of items from ODI and RM scale had similar concept and linked to the same ICF category. SF-36 had only 15 categories of the ICF linked. Strong relationship was observed between measurement scales and linked ICF code sets (r=0.79, r=0.65, r=0.47, and r=-0.31 for ODI, RM, FABQ and SF-36 respectively). Conclusion: It was found that commonly used clinical tools for LBP may be linked to ICF. The study results may suggest that clinical data can be standardized to communicate between related professionals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.351-357
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate level of functioning in patients with stroke using Modified Bathel Index (MBI), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), and ICF core-set for stroke. Methods: Sixty-four patients with stroke were recruited for this study from nine medical institutes. The ICF core-set for stroke, WHODAS 2.0, and MBI were used to collect subjects' functional levels. ICF core-set was employed here as a standard frame to observe multi-dimension of functioning, that is physiological bodily function, activity and participation (AP) in daily life, and current environmental factors (EF) in patients with stroke. WHODAS 2.0 and MBI were also used in order to have a specific functioning level for subjects. The linkage of each item in WHODAS 2.0 and MBI into the ICF core-set for stroke was examined. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for analysis of their relationships. Results: Functioning level of participants showed moderate resulting from MBI and WHODAS 2.0 ($73.48{\pm}22.27$ and $35.55{\pm}12.53$, respectively). Strong relationship was observed between ICF core-set and WHODAS 2.0, and with MBI. Each item of disability scales was obtained its linkage into ICF in the domain of AP. However, lack of correlation between MBI and ICF in the domain of EF was found due to absence of related factors. Conclusion: MBI was found to be linked mainly into ICF in the domain of AP and to have limited linkage into EF. Therefore, it should be suggested that the ICF concept frame should be used as a multi-dimensional approach to patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 2011

The process of physical therapy uses a problem-solving approach to enhance a patients's functioning status. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) is the common concept for the functioning in the world. Physical therapists require the ability to identify problems, formulate hypothesis, and plan intervention strategies through clinical reasoning. In the clinical process, physical therapists need to use standard and common languages in speech and in documentation. The purpose of this study was to suggest the process of making strategy for efficient intervention, examining and evaluating the functional problem of the person with stroke using ICF tools. For the first step in this process model, therapists could list the information relating to functional problems used by the ICF Core set and then could identify the interaction among the problems using the ICF assessment sheet. For the next step, therapist is needed to make the hypothesis and hypothesis testing, and then set a primary functional goals and therapeutic goals in detail after prioritizing the problems to be managed based on the problem list. Finally, after setting the identified problems as the purpose of intervention through the hypothesis testing, therapist could do some intervention after making a plan to solve these problems, and find out the outcomes using the ICF evaluation display. This report illustrates how to apply the process based on ICF concept into physical therapy practice. Making a decision for the most efficient intervention requires that therapists use the clinical reasoning process based on ICF concept.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2002

Objectives : To develop a physical functioning instrument for older adults living in the community. Methods : A representative sample of 979 people aged 65 years or over were interviewed in-person. Of these, 199 people also completed a detailed in-hospital examination. The scale items were selected based on the frequency of endorsement, along with the item-total and inter-item correlations. The associations of the scale with their physical performance and clinical examination were analyzed to evaluate the criterion-related validity. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis, and internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations. Test-retest reliability was measured by agreement between the household survey and the repeat survey at the in-hospital examination. Results : Initially, 23 items on the level of difficulty, ranging from no difficulty to an inability to complete a task, with the specific mobility and self-care tasks were included. Those with a high frequency of endorsement and a low inter-item or item-total correlations were excluded, resulting in a 10-item Physical Functioning (PT) scale. Equal weights were given to each item and a summated score was calculated. Significant associations were found between the PF scores and the physical performance, surrey and clinical data. The scale revealed a 2-factor (mobility and self-care) structure. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and the item-total correlations were in the 0.63 to 0.78 range. Pearson's correlations for the test-retest ranged between 0.56 and 0.61. Conclusions : The newly developed Physical Functioning (PF) scale showed good psychometric properties in older people. Further work, however, is needed to improve its sensitivity to discriminate higher levels of functioning, in addition to assessing its predictive value in detecting changes in health.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 1992

The major goal of caring the elderly is not to cure the patient, but rather to improve or maintain the individual functional ability. With the aged population increases, there is increasing consensus among health care workers about the importance of developing a tool to measure and evaluate the health status of the elderly. As many writers is pointing out, care of the elderly embraces the spectrum of physical-social-psychological problems and an enormous number of variables could be introudeced into the health worker's routine measurement. But such an expansive approach to measurement could have disadvantages. The purpose of this study is to introduce the measurement tools of physical functioning, perhaps the most important measure required in long-term care, which are separated into three categories of measures; general physical health, ADL, IADL. It is important that all health workers who provide care to the elderly incorporate the concepts of functional health status into the routine assessments. And continuous study about reliability and validity is needed to apply those foreign tools to Korea.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an upper extremities group exercise program based on motor learning in chronic stroke patients and to assess improvements in upper sensory motor function and activities of daily living (ADL). Five chronic stroke patients participated for the duration of 25 weeks. On the assessment of motor and process skills, there was a statistically significant improvement in motor area functioning in 4 of the subjects. In process area functioning, there was a statistically significant change in 3 of the subjects. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess sensorimotor area and ADL changes in chronic stroke patients to reduce medical cost and assess for positive psychological changes.