• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.207-232
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• 2014

This study intended to understand the way loneliness and depression affect psychological and physical health of older adults, and conducted a structural equational modeling of a relationship among loneliness, depression and health status of older adults. A survey was conducted on 329 individuals who were utilizing senior welfare agencies located in Seoul and the surrounding cities. The study examined the effects of loneliness and depression on their health status as well as the role of depression in this process. The data analysis showed a good fit of the structural model and suggested an evidence of depression fully mediating the effect of loneliness on health status. This result indicated that the current focus of services on increasing quantity of social contact among older people may need a paradigm shift towards improving their subjective loneliness and quality of interpersonal relationships.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this review was to overview and evaluate the efficacy of electroacupunture for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) Methods: Relevant randomized controlled studies (RCTs) were identified by database searches in PubMED, EMBASE, OASIS, and Google scholar, up to May 2018. Data were extracted regarding hyperandrogenism, obesity and hyperinsulinemia indices. The risk of bias was assessed. Results: Five RCTs were included for analysis. In one RCT, electroacupuncture group had significantly lower free testosterone and testosterone, compared to no treatment group. However, The other RCTs showed no significant difference between two groups. For LH/FSH, Ferriman Gallway score, anti-mullerian hormone, body mass index, weight and waist, and insulin, electroacupuncture group showed no significant difference, compared to physical exercise, no treatment, and sham acupuncture group. Conclusions: Only a limited number of RCTs have been reported. At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of electroacupuncture for treatment of PCOS.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to prove the correlation between risk factor of cardiovascular disease and Sasang Constitution and to investigate the effect of oxygen free radical on this correlation. 2. Methods We analyzed 129 patients who visited Cheonan oriental medical hospital from Apr 1, 2007 until May 31, 2007, for medical examination, which Includes Sasang Constitution examination, blood chemistry test and physical examination. And we classified their results into 4 groups based on with blood lipoprotein level and body mass index. 3. Results and Conclusions Mean of lipoprotein in blood was not significantly different among constitutions but with body mass index, was significantly higher in Taeumin than others. And count of dyslipoproteinemia was significantly higher in Taeumin group than soeumin. Therefore, according to our results, risk of cardiovascular disease was higher in Taeumin than other constitutions. Oxygen free radical did not have much effect on correlation between risk factor of cardiovascular disease and Sasang Constitution. However, there was some evidence in soeumin group, that oxygen free radical may have effect on origination of hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.389-415
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• 1996

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer(Araliaceae) has been traditionally used as an expensive and precious medicine in oriental countries for more than 5, 000 years. Ginseng saponin isolated from the root of Panax ginseng have been regarded as the main effective components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities. Such as antiaging effects. antidiabetic effects anticancer effects. Protection against physical and chemical stress. Analgesic and antipyretic effects. Effects on the central nervous system, tranquilizing action and others. Thirty kinds of ginsenosides have been so far isolated from ginseng saponin and their chemical structures have been elucidated since 1960's. Among which protopanaxadiol type is 19 kinds. protopanaxatriol type. 10 kinds and oleanane type, one. Since ginsenosides are generally labile under acidic conditions ordinary acid hydrolysis is always accompanied by many side reactions, such as epimerization. hydroxylation and cyclization of side chain of the sapogenins Especially. it is well known that C-20 glycosyl linkage of ginsenoside was hydrolysed on heating with acetic acid to give an equilibrated mixture of 20(S) and 20(R) epimers. And also, the chemical transformations of the secondary metabolites have appeared during the steaming process to prepare red ginseng. Indicating demalonylation of malonyl ginsenosides, elimination of glycosyl residue at C-20 and isomerization of hydroxyl configuration at C-20. But these studies have not provided a comprehensive picture in explaning how these ginsenosides showed val'iotas pharmacological activities of ginseng. Though some of them have been involved in the mechanism of pharmacological actions. Recently, non-saponin components have received a great deal of attention for their antioxidant, anticancer antidiabetic, immunomodulating. anticomplementary activities and so on. To meet the demand for such wide applications, studies on the non-saponin components play an important role in providing a good evidence of pharmacological and biol ogical activities. Among the non-saponin constituents of Korean ginseng, polyacetylenes, phenols. Sesquiterpenes, alkaloids. polysaccharides oligosaccharides, oligopeptides and aminoglycosides together with ginsenosides of terrestrial part are mainly described.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.435-441
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recreational therapy as part of Social Adult Day Care Program administered in the state of New York for the Korean American elderly living in the United States. The study was conducted in a nonequivalent control group posttest-only design from February to April, 2017. The participants included 35 subjects in the experimental group and 35 subjects in the control group; among the sample, 66 participants' data were analyzed. The average age of subjects who participated in this study was 79.4 years, and the average duration of residence in the United States was 24.6 years. Based on the study results, the recreational therapy program provided by the day care center was found to have a positive effect on the participant's daily life performances, depression and loneliness. Therefore, a variety of cultural sensitive recreational therapy program for the elderly population should be developed and operated in the future; furthermore, evidence-based research should be conducted to evaluate the effects of these programs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.644-646
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• 2009

A 5-year-old intact male black gibbon (Hylobates concolor) was referred for evaluation of the right pelvic limb lameness following a fight against other black gibbons. Fractures of the right tibia and fibula were suspected on physical examination and palpation of the right pelvic limb, but no other injuries or abnormalities were detected. While the black gibbon was sedated, pelvic limb radiographs were taken, which revealed diaphyseal oblique fractures of the right tibia and fibula. Open reduction of the fractures was performed. The tibial fracture was repaired by use of an internal fixation technique that included a tubular dynamic compression plate and cortical screws secured along the craniomedial aspect of the tibia. There were no complications during the postoperative rehabilitation period. At 9 weeks, radiographs revealed that bridging callus was well formed over the cortices of the tibial and fibular fracture area. The cast was removed 9 weeks after surgery. The black gibbon exhibited no evidence of lameness and was released back into the group. Presently, there are no published reports of internal fracture fixation in a black gibbon where a tubular dynamic compression plate and cortical screws provided excellent stabilization of the tibia and complete fracture healing allowing normal ambulation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2012

Objectives: To understand the personal experiences of mine workers that have experienced job relocation due to silicosis at the Andina Division of Corporaci$\acute{o}$n Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO), Chile. The purpose of the study was to provide useful information for the development of new local, business and public policies for the care of workers with silicosis. Methods: A qualitative study based on a practical case study of 5 workers. The information was collected by means of structured individual interviews. The method of analysis was phenomenology. Results: The corporal axis was the most commented upon. It included awareness of the illness, body pains, fatigue, and antagonistic mood disorders (sadness, or the difficulty in finding meaning in life). As far as personal relationships, there was evidence of strong relationships with family, coworkers and friends, as well as extended family. Over all, the experience of relocation was positive with periods of impatience and uncertainty. The job reassignment provided a new and pleasant context for the relocated workers and in the process improved their perception of their quality of life. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary team should attend mine workers relocated because of silicosis by addressing the mental and physical aspects of their disease, along with the integral participation of close family members. It is suggested that this investigation be maintain over time to record the personal experiences in the medium-term, adding new cases with the intention of shedding more light on the phenomenon being studied. As a preventive measure, continual workshops are needed on the proper use of respiratory protection in addition, a group of monitors is required.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.584-587
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• 2010

A 5-year-old castrated male Chihuahua weighing 1.8 kg was presented for examination of a right perineal swelling. No clinical signs other than the swelling were observed by the owner. Digital palpation to the swelling confirmed right reducible perineal herniation. Dorsal perineal hernia was observed during surgery. A modified internal obturator transposition combined with a modified traditional perineal herniorrhaphy was performed for the perineal hernia repair. Contralateral herniation involving fat was noted a month after surgery. Coexistence of sciatic, dorsal, and caudal perineal hernias was observed during surgery. Aforementioned herniorrhaphy was performed for the perineal hernia repair. The follow-up information was based on physical examination by veterinarian. The owner reported that there was no evidence of complications related to surgery.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2009

A 10-year old female Yorkshire terrier with nasal discharge and swelling was referred to the local animal hospital. Abnormal mass of right nasal cavity was detected in physical examination and radiography. According to the radiographs of the head, there was an evidence of bony destruction in right nose. Oronasal fistula was detected in right maxillary canine teeth. After surgical excision, the sample of nasal mass was refereed to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine in Jeju National University. Grossly, the enlarged mass was soft and 3 ${\times}$ 3 cm in size. Histopathologically, the neoplastic mass was composed of tubular to tubulopapillary structures which were lined by single to 6~7 layers of cuboidal to ciliated columnar cells. These neoplastic cells showed invasive tendency to adjacent normal parenchyma. They had uniform, round to oval nuclei, cytoplasm with small vacuoles and indistinct cellular margin. The number of mitotic figures was varied in different areas, ranged from 0 to 4 per high power field. Necrotic foci and infiltration of inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells also presented in the mass. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells demonstrated strong positive reaction for cytokeratin (CK) 18 but were negative for CK 7 and 8. Based on the gross, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this mass was diagnosed as nasal adenocarcinoma originated from respiratory epithelium.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.61-85
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• 2008

Bills of lading are crucial in international sales on shipment terms since they guard buyers against loss of or damage to the goods in transit by giving them the rights against carriers. A bill of lading, as document of title, gives the buyer the right to demand physical possession of the goods from the carrier and enables the buyer who is in possession of damaged or short-delivered goods to sue the carrier. In this context the buyer in sales on CIF or CFR terms or FOB terms with additional services benefits from the bill of lading which functions as a receipt of goods and a evidence of the terms of the contract of carriage. Protection of such buyer's interests can be provided in the sale contract through appropriate express or implied terms on the seller's documentary obligations: Which transport document, a bill of lading or a sea waybill, is required? Who should be named as the consignee in the transport document and, in case of bill of lading, by whom should the bill be endorsed? What should be stated in the bill of lading for the quantity of the goods? How about a bill of lading that contains so called "unknown clause"? How many bills of lading for the entire contract goods should be tendered? Can a bill of lading stating that the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition also state that the goods were damaged after shipment? This paper seeks to provide answers for these particular questions.