• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.197-202
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of physical and intangible assets, and to analyze the use of planning in a new cultural space creation project areas. For this study, literature survey, filed survey and participant observation methods were used for data collection. The results were as follows. 1) The project's characteristics had a variety of space utilization's scope. It was to emphasize the organizations and participants in the human side. 2) There are the pumping stations, mokgammak, mills, barbershops, marketplaces etc in physical assets, and it was worth the historic or agricultural facility. 3) The using plans of three kinds in hardware facilities, software programs, human ware(human abilities)are linked to each other organically. 4) The problems in the project's process include the administrative and institutional factors rather than planning matters.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.262-273
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• 2009

An investigation was conducted to know a prospect of woody toy in Korea for physical, psychological and intellectual development. It was told that toys that stimulate cognitive development are appropriate for the child's capabilities, responsive to the child's movements, provide feedback when manipulated, and require imagination or fantasy. Toys particularly useful in the development of these abilities include dolls, figures, cuddly toys, puppets, costumes, and construction toys. Therefore, a toy is a wonderful object, indispensable to physical, psychological and intellectual development, both for those who have the capacity to integrate into society and for those who encounter difficulties. If we can replace a plastic toys by a environmental wooden toys, we can contribute to child development that is especially to promote creativity, artistic, problem-solving, language and social skills. In addition, we can support the ability of wood toy manufacturers to market their products in a responsible way and contribute to strengthen the competitiveness of our commodities on international markets.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mulligan taping on knee joints on balance ability and strength with repeated measurements. Methods: Seventeen patients were randomly assigned to the 8 taping group and the 9 repeat measurement group. To measure the balance ability, fall risk assessment equipment was used, and the measurement of the muscle strength was performed by using the equipment of the same company. Results: Balanced abilities and muscle strength were increased in groups with taping only after Mulligan taping. Conclusions: The application of mulligan taping did not have the effect of stimulating the inherent receptive sensation. However, active grouping of the knee joint taping only, and muscle strength and muscle strength were increased. It increases the stability and activity of the muscles that operate on the balance of the active knee joint and muscle strength, thereby enhancing exercise prevention and prevention performance and exercise performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Next Generation Computing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Physical computing is performed through interaction with the real world making it suitable for cultivating student abilities in computing knowledge and thought processes. Furthermore, if users can develop programs under block-coding environment, it will be more easy and more intuitive. However, the existing block coding environment has a problem that the physical devices must be continuously connected to the computer. Blockly is an open source library that adds a visual code editor linked with graphic blocks to demonstrate coding concepts through web and mobile apps. Using Blockly, we describe a development environment for physical computing on mobile platform, which combines physical computing with an established block-coding environment, and activates it through wireless communication.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.377-382
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the application of clinical reasoning throughout clinical and therapeutic knowledge of clinical pediatric physical therapists under physician prescriptions. Methods: Purposive sampling techniques were used in selection of nine clinical pediatric physical therapists in South Korea. Open and semi structured interviews were conducted, and were thoroughly examined and reviewed, followed by analysis of the clinical reasoning portion. Results: Pediatric physical therapists have been influenced by information gathering, physical function and evaluation of their patients, hypothesis-orientation, and re-evaluation and self-monitoring. Novice physical therapists were more dependent on physician prescriptions and parent's hope than the result of their own evaluation and critical pathway. Middle experienced pediatric physical therapists were more dependent on rapport with children and their parents. Highly experienced pediatric physical therapists were more reliant on hypothesis-orientation and self-monitoring. As reports on clinical experience of pediatric physical therapists have accumulated, clinical reasoning of pediatric physical therapists has been influenced by their experience, such as education, clinical pathology conference, their own clinical experience and rapport with patients and their parents than physicians' prescriptions. Conclusion: The findings of the current study are generally consistent with existing research on clinical reasoning. The results of the current study may be used by educators for enhancement of clinical reasoning abilities and knowledge of students or novices as well as development of a guide for use by suitable novices or students, and could provide important information for use in physical therapy practice and research.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to examine inter-rater reliability of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) by children's age and to identify the correlation between the MACS and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-six children with CP older than two years participated. Children with CP were classified according to the MACS and the GMFCS by two physical therapists. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). The results showed that the reliability of the MACS for children aged 2~3 years was .88 and for children aged above 4 years was .98 (p<.05). Children with quadriplegia had a higher level of MACS than children with spastic hemiplegia and diplegia. A moderate relationship between the MACS and the GMFCS was found in all children (rater 1, r=.631; rater 2, r=.438). The MACS will be used for classification of children with CP according to the manual abilities. Thus, it offers a reliable method for communicating between therapists about the manual ability of children with CP who are older than 2 years.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the functional (mobility, self-care, social ability) and health-related quality of life in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: A cross- sectional survey of 202 children with CP, mean age $5.91{\pm}1.57$ years, was carried out using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Results: The functional assessment of children with CP showed that a more severe GMFCS level was associated with lower functional abilities (p<0.05). The health-related quality of life assessment showed that psychosocial well-being was less impaired than physical well-being. The internal consistency of the three instruments was satisfactory (cronbach's ${\alpha}$>0.80). The three different scales were correlated from moderate to strong (r=0.44 to 0.92). It was also found that mobility, tone distribution, and the parents' education level exerted a significant effect on the quality of life of children with CP (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that children with CP have reduced function and quality of life and these are influenced by various factors. However, planning and application of various task-oriented functional interventions to childhood CP may be useful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The present study aims to determine the effect of lower extremity muscle strength exercise at the non-paralyzed side of patients of stroke using a mirror on gait and balance. METHODS: Subjects were assigned randomly to a group of lower extremity exercise without using a mirror (n=10), a group of lower extremity motion exercise using a mirror (n=10), and a group of lower extremity muscle strength exercise using a mirror (n=10). The exercise is added to a physiotherapy program conducted at the hospital and subjects conducted their designed lower extremity exercises 30 times a day (5 sets), five days per week for four weeks. RESULTS: The study result showed that BBS(Berg balance scale)(p<.05) and TUG(timed up and go test)(p<.05) had a significant difference. In the comparison on gait ability, stride length, step length, step width and single support was a significant difference within two groups using a mirror before and after the intervention(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusively, low extremity motion exercise using a mirror and low extremity muscle strength exercise using a mirror conducted along with general physiotherapy exercises had a positive effect on functions of lower extremity in patients with stroke and the recovery of paralyzed side thereby incurring a significant difference in balance and gait abilities.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of study was to measure stroke patients' ability to balance and their degrees of clinical function and to examine the effect of the aquatic exercise method using tasks related to these features. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to an aquatic task exercise group and a land task exercise group. Both groups used the same exercise method for 60 minutes each session, three times a week for 12 weeks at the same time point and with the same amount of exercise. Results: Before and after the exercise, static balance was measured using balance measuring instruments locomotive faculties, muscular strength, and dynamic balance were assessed through the Berg balance and 10 m gait tests. Finally, gait abilities were measured, and the data obtained were analyzed to generate the results. Conclusion: Both groups showed significant improvement, but the aquatic exercise group showed slightly more significant results in static balance, Berg balance, and upright walking tests. It is thought that the improvement of stroke patients' balance and gait ability can be triggered through the application of aquatic exercise programs in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to provide experimental evidence and theoretical background for the applicability of bilateral transfer paradigm to the rehabilitation programs for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Children with hemiplegia, which means unilateral motor disabilities, display abnormal motor and postural patterns of the affected side due to hemiparesis, spasticity, and sensory disorders, resulting in a decreased motor abilities of the affected side compared to unaffected side. Accordingly, they tend to rely on the unaffected limb for everyday activities, which further deteriorates the functions of the affected side by causing associated reaction, abnormal postural patterns, and hypertonus. Rehabilitation programs developed for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy include neurodevelopmental treatment, application of cast or splint to unaffected limb, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and task oriented model. These programs, however, have several drawbacks, such as discontinuity in treatment effect and psychological hatred to the force use of the affected side. In order to solve these problems and enhance the efficiency of the rehabilitation programs, it is required to maximize the use of the affected side without hatred. Characteristics of the control system, such as temporal coupling and spatial assimilation between limbs and neural crosstalk at different levels of central motor pathway, suggest that the bilateral transfer paradigm may enhance the efficiency of the rehabilitation programs for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.