• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.917-921
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• 2001

Aligning capabilities for nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using a in-situ photodimerization method on various Photo-crosslinkable Polyimide (Pl) based polymer and blending photopolymer surfaces were investigated. High pretilt angle of the NLC can be measured by obliquely polarized UV exposure on a photo-crosslinkable polyimide based polymer surface containing biphenyl (BP), decyl (de), and cholesteryl (chol) group, respectively. However, the low pretilt angle of the NLC was measured by obliquely polarized UV exposure on the blending photopolymer (Pl and cinnamate materials) surfaces. Consequently, the pretilt angle of the NLC generated on the photo-crosslinkable polyimide based polymer surfaces using the in-situ photodimerization method was higher than that of the blending photopolymers.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.84-90
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• 2014

The degradation of 2,3-dichlorophenol(2,3-diCP) by various advanced oxidation systems with continuous feeding of hydrogen peroxide including the ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide, the Fenton and the photo-Fenton process has been conducted. The highest removal efficiency for 2,3-diCP in the aqueous phase was obtained by the photo-Fenton process among the advanced oxidation systems. In the photo-Fenton process, The removal efficiency of 2,3-diCP decreased with increasing pH in the range of 3 to 6, and it decreased with increasing initial concentration. As the intermediates of 2,3-diCP by photo-fenton reaction, 3,4-chlorocatechol and 2,3-dichlorohydroquinone were detected, thus the degradation pathways were proposed.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.926-930
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• 2009

A new method for encapsulating nanomaterials within intermediary layer cross-linked (ILCL) polymeric micelles using a bifunctional photo-cross-linking agent was developed. For ILCL polymeric micelles, an amphiphilic triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEG-PHEMA-PMMA) was synthesized via consecutive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), Di(4-hydroxyl benzophenone) dodecanedioate (BPD) was used as a bifunctional photo-cross-linking agent. The PMMA-tethered Au nanoparticles and BPD, or pyrene and BPD were encapsulated in the PEG-PHEMA-PMMA micelles, and their intermediary layers were photo-cross-linked by UV irradiation for 1 h. The HEMA units donated labile hydrogens to the excited-state benzophenone groups in BPD, and they were subsequently cross-linked by BPD through radical-radical combination. The spherical structures of the PEG-PHEMA-PMMA micelles containing the Au nanoparticles or pyrene were unaffected by the photo-cross-linking process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.642-655
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• 2015

The Korean history textbook is a basic teaching material for learning history. Students learn the past and also understand history through Korean history textbooks. The Korean history textbooks are comprised of educational materials arousing students' interest. What is helpful to education in the visual form is photo materials. As visual data, such photo materials play roles not only in arousing students' interest more than texts filled with writings, but also in making students experience history of the time indirectly in more objective form. Since such photo materials are playing essential roles in Korean history textbooks, if photos with errors are used, it can create huge confusion. This study analyzed the reliability and suitability of photo materials in eight Korean history textbooks of high school, depending on each type of photo. Then it suggested the measures of composing photo materials in Korean history textbooks revised in the future. The future textbooks will contain more amount of photo materials with the higher weight of photo materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2008

Applications of CdS films in this study are to exhibit a high conductivity when they are exposed at light with visible wavelength and sequentially to show a low conductivity in dark state. For this purpose, CdS films should have a high photosensitivity, still maintaining a high conductivity at a visible light. In this study, CdS films were prepared at room temperature on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. In order to increase the photo-conductivity in visible light, various defect levels should be located within the CdS band gap. In order to nucleate the defect sites within the CdS band gap, CdS films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using various $H_2$/(Ar+$H_2$) flow ratios by an rf magnetron sputtering. Through the investigation of the structural and photoconductive properties of CdS films by an addition of hydrogen, the relationship between photo- and dark-resistance in CdS films was investigated in detail. 200-nm-thick CdS films for photoconductive sensor applications were prepared at various $H_2$/(Ar+$H_2$) flow ratios on glass substrates at room temperature by rf magnetron sputtering. Sulfur concentration in CdS films crystallized at room temperature with (002) preferred orientation depends directly on the hydrogen atmosphere and the surface roughness of the films gradually increases with increasing hydrogen atmosphere. Films deposited at 8% of $H_2$/(Ar+$H_2$) exhibit an abrupt decrease of dark- and photo-resistance, showing a low photo-sensitivity ($R_{dark}/R_{photo}$). Onthe other hand, films deposited at a hydrogen atmosphere of 42% exhibit a photo-sensitivity of $5\times10^3$, maintaining a photo-resistance of an approximately $2\times10^4\Omega$/square. The dark- and photo-resistance values of CdS films were related with a composition, surface roughness, and defect sites within the band gap.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.647-650
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• 2009

In recent years, an understanding and concern about the Photo Realistic CG increased while the CG industry grew. The overall understanding of a system, an output and algorithm, and etc. are needed in order to implement the Photo Realistic CG. Moreover, for the realistic output on CG, the texture task that it is logical the various environment condition according to the physical environment and time, and etc.s has to show. For carrying out the Photo Realistic CG texture task, the extensity of a texture, the physical properties, a material, and an environment, the various access and the logical analysis are needed. Analyzed data reaches the direct affect to the final product for expressing. The realistic ancient history site, and the cultural inheritance and industrial product will be implemented with the ground of the research of the upper part in the imaginary realistic world.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

This study analyzes the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertising photos. First, photo image components are classified into seven categories: location (indoor-outdoor), the model's movement, pose, facial expression, gender, race and number of models. The forms of expression are classified into six categories: direct expression, sensual expression, symbolic expression, storytelling expression, dramatic expression, and sexual expression. With the aforementioned classifications, the trends were studied for three years from 2013 to 2015. The analysis result indicates the following: for the details of photo image components, the portion of indoor photos, static poses and conscious facial expressions was over 60% of the total for every season of the 3 years, while there was a slight increase in the number of models and the diversity of races. For the forms of expression, the sensual expression showed the largest portion accounting for over 50% of the total, followed by direct expression and storytelling expression. The findings from this study show that the trends of photo image components and forms of expression in global fashion advertisements are changing. Therefore, domestic companies will need to develop photo image components and forms of expression in line with the changing global fashion advertisement trends.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2014

As the online shopping mall market faces severe competition, marketers have focused on visual factors that generate positive consumer responses in order to induce more consumers. Although product photos are crucial in the communication of product information as well as in the development of positive images of online shopping mall, there was little intention the effect of diverse types of product photo. In this study, three types of backgrounds (i.e., no background, indoor background, street background) are compared in order to explore whether consumer sensibility factors are different according to photo backgrounds. Moreover, it investigates the effect of sensibility toward photo backgrounds on consumer attitude. A total of 222 consumers participated in the experiments. As a result, six sensibility factors were generated from online model photos, including structure, upscale, uniqueness, interest, simpleness, and easiness factors. Among these factors, simpleness and structure showed the highest means; simpleness was the factor indicating the differences according to photo backgrounds. Sensibility factors affecting attitude toward online shopping malls were uniqueness in the case of no background, interest in the case of indoor background, and upscale in the case of street background photo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.537-540
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• 1999

Effect of alignment layers on pretilt angle generation and electrical characteristics in nematic liquid crystal(NLC) by using photo-alignment techniques on polyimide (PI) surface with side chain were studied. The generated pretilt angle of the NLC on rubbed PI surface with 1-layer is almost the same as that of the 2-layers. However, the generated pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface with 2-layers is larger than that of the 1-layer. Therefore, the pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface is attributed to surface roughness due to photo-depolymerization of the polymer with UV light irradiation on PI surface. Next we observed the same characteristics of voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time for 1- and 2-layers on PI surface. We also observed the same voltage holding ratio (VHR) characteristics for 1- and 2-layers on photo-aligned PI surface. Consequently, we suggest that the VHR of photo-aligned TN-LCD is higher than that of the rubbing-aligned TN-LCD.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2000

Effects of alignment layers on pretilt nagle generation and electrical characteristics in nematic liquid crystal(NLC) by using photo-alignment techniques on polyimide PI) surface with side chain were studied. The generated pretilt angle of the NLC on rubbed PI surface with 1-layer is almost the same as that with the 2-layers. However, the generated pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface with 2-layers is larger than that with the 1-layer. The different mechanism of pretilt generation in NLC was observed on the rubbing and photo-alignment method. Therefore, the pretilt angle of the NLC on photo-induced PI surface is attributed to surface roughness due to photo-dissociation on the polymer with UV light irradiation on PI surface. We observed the same characteristics of voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time for 1- and 2-layers on PI surface. Consequently, we sugest that the VHR of photo-aligned TN-LCD is higher than that of the rubbing-aligned TN-LCD.