• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.3105-3106
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• 2009

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

The effect of auxin transport inhibitor (TIBA and PCIB) or auxin synergist (phloroglucinol) on somatic embryo maturation and germination in Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) was examined. The addition of 15.8 mg/L ABA+5.0 mg/L PCIB showed most promoted the maturation of cotyledon -staged somatic embryos (177.7/90 mg ESM). In contrast, with treatment of 5.0 mg/L PCIB or 5.0 mg/L TIBA, no somatic embryos were obtained. Considering from this result, PCIB or TIBA alone could not substitute for exogenously supplied ABA for maturation of somatic embryos. In the test of below concentration of 5.0 mg/L PCIB, the highest results were recorded in 15.8 mg/L ABA+2.0 mg/L PCIB (109.3/90 mg ESM) or 15.8 mg/L ABA+5.0 mg/L PCIB (103.7/90 mg ESM). However, 5.0 mg/L phloroglucinol (0/90 mg ESM) or no ABA addition (3/90 mg ESM) had little influence on somatic embryos maturation. In germination study, the highest frequency of plantlet regeneration obtained from the somatic embryos which had matured on 15.8 mg/L ABA+5.0 mg/L PCIB (67.9%). However, either 5.0 mg/L PCIB nor 5.0 mg/L TIBA resulted in obtained from plantlets.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 1997

The nitrite scavenging effect of methanol extracts of marine algae were evaluated to discover new natural nitrite scavengers. Among the tested seaweeds, Ecklonia stolonifera, an edible brown algae, showed the strongest scavenging effect. The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned into $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ layers. The EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction demonstrated high levels of nitrite-scavenging activity while the $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, and $H_2O$ fractions were inactive. A column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction through silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol and a new compound tentatively named phlorotannin A. The nitrite scavenging activity of phloroglucinol $(IC_{50}=3.9{\mu}g/ml)$ was more potent than that of L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=65.0{\mu}g/ml)$. However, phlorotannin A $(IC_{50}=193.2{\mu}g/ml)$ showed only low levels of activity. From the above results, it is possible to suggest that both the MeOH extract and their fractions and isolated phloroglucinol and phlorotannin A obtained from E. stolonifera may be applicable as scavengers of nitrite, which is a precursor for the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1997

The methanol extracts of some marine algae were tested for investigating the effects on the formation of lipid peroxide and the activities of free radical generating enzyme in vitro in bromobenzene-treated rat. The extracts of Enteromorpha compressa, Capsosiphon fulvescens, Gelidium amansii, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum siliquastrum and Sargassum thunbergii which decreased the formation of lipid peroxide, inhibited the activity of xanthine and aldehyde oxidases by adding of each extracts. Phloroglucinol isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera reduced bromobenzene-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation. This compound administered daily over one week before intoxication with bromobenzene did not affect the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and glu tathione S-transferase. Epoxide hydrolase activity was decreased by bromobenzene, which was restored by pretreatment of phloroglucinol, The results suggest that the bromobenzene-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation by phloroglucinol is reduced by enhancing the activity of epoxide hydrolase.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 1993

Phenol성 물질로서 hydroxyl기가 두개인 caffeic acid와 세개인 phloroglucinol을 methyl linoleate에 첨가하여 산화시키면서 활성화 효과와 산화생성물을 분석하였다. Methyl linoleate에 대한 $37^{\circ}C,\;3{\sim}9$일간의 산화반응에서 caffeic acid 및 phloroglucinol 첨가군은 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 첨가군에 비해 높은 항산화성을 나타내었다. 이 때 산화생성물로서는 methyl linoleate(ML)군은 methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9,13-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer 9,13-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer 및 9-TMSO-12, 13-epoxy-10-octadecenoate로 나타났으며, 기간이 경과함에 따라 9,13-trans, trans isomer에 대한 9,13-trans, cis isomer의 비율이 낮아졌다. Caffeic acid 첨가군(CML)에서는 methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer 및 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer였으며, 13-hydroxy isomer는 검출되지 않았다. Caffeic acid의 농도를 높일수록 9-trans, trans isomer에 대한 9-trans, cis isomer의 비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 때 가장 주된 산화물인 caffeic quinone이 생성되는 것으로 보아 caffeic acid와 같은 o-dihydroxy cinnamate들은 lipid media에서 산화가 쉽게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 phloroglucinol 첨가군(PML)의 산화 생성물들은 methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer, 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer 및 9-hydroxy-12,13-epoxy-10-octadecenoate로서 CML군과 유사한 경향을 보였으나 phloroglucinol은 반응 9일째에도 산화되지 않았다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1167-1169
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• 2009

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera (Laminariaceae) against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using S. Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The methanol extract also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and the DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MMU) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. All fractions possessed antimutagenic activity but the $H_2O$ fraction was inactive. Among active fractions, the EtOAc and $CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate fractions showed the highest activity. Column chromatography using $SiO_2$ and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol from the EtOAc fraction. Phloroglucinol also demonstrated significant antimutagenic activity, and inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by MMU and B(a)P.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1226-1232
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• 2004

Extracts from seventeen seaweeds were determined for tyrosinase inhibitory activity using mushroom tyrosinase with L-tyrosine as a substrate. Only one of them, Ecklonia stolonifera OKAMURA (Laminariaceae) belonging to brown algae, showed high tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction from the methanolic extract of E. stolonifera, led us to the isolation of phloroglucinol derivatives [phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5)]. Compounds 1~5 were found to inhibit the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with $IC_{50}$ values of 92.8, 126, 33.2, 177, and 2.16 ${\mu}g$ /mL, respectively. It was compared with those of kojic acid and arbutin, well-known tyrosinase inhibitors, with $IC_{50}$ values of 6.32 and 112 ${\mu}g$ / mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics analyzed from Lineweaver-Burk plots, showed compounds 1 and 2 to be competitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $2.3{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;3.1{times}10^{-4}$ M, and compounds 3~5 to be noncompetitive inhibitors with $K_i$ of $1.9{\times}10^{-5},\;1.4{\times}10^{-3}\;and\;1.5{\times}10^{-5}$ M, respectively. This work showed that phloroglucinol derivatives, natural compounds found in brown algae, could be involved in the control of pigmentation in plants and other organisms through inhibition of tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as a substrate.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

When exposed to gamma-rays, hair follicular cells immediately go through apoptosis, which hampers their rapid differentiation essential for the regeneration of hair. Phloroglucinol (PG) is a phenolic compound of Ecklonia cava, brown algae abundant in Jeju island, Korea. Containing plentiful polyphenols, PG is known for its instructive effects by inhibiting apoptosis, scavenging oxygen radicals, and protecting cells against oxidative stress. In this study, we demonstrate that PG rescues radiosensitive hair follicular cells from gamma radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. To identify protective capacity of PG on hair follicles, we irradiated with 8.5 Gy (1.5 Gy/min) of gamma-rays to the whole body of C57BL/6 mice at day 6 after depilation with or without PG. In mice exposed to radiation, the expression of proapoptotic molecule p53 was downregulated in the skin of PG treated group. On immunohistochemical observation of the skin, PG inhibited the immunoreactivity of p53 and cleaved caspase-3. PG treatment protected hair follicular cells from cell death due to gamma-radiation. Our results suggest that PG presents radioprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis of radiosensitive hair follicular cells and can protect hair follicular cells from gamma-ray induced damage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.154-157
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• 1993

탈지 산사(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)에서 추출된 에테르 추출물의 항산화성이 확인됨에 따라, 각 페놀성 추출물, 즉 유리형, 용성 에스테르형 및 불용성 물질의 분리 및 동정이 TLC, gel column chromatography, MS 및 H-NMR에 의해서 시도되었다. 시료의 유리형 페놀산 추출물에서는 caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid 및 pyrogallol, 용성 에스테르형 페놀에서는 caffeic acid 및 phloroglucinol, 불용성 페놀산에서는 protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinol 등이 각각 동정되어 산사의 주된 항산화성 물질임이 확인되었다.