• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 2010

This article aims at clarifying the formation and accumulation of the "phlegm" in the body. If the phlegm can't be dispelled, it would do great harm to the body health in many aspects, even leading to various diseases which are complex and hard to cure. "phlegm blocking the orifices of the heart", "Gi(氣) activities blocking", "the blood vessels choking", "muscular striae[肌腠] overflowing", " tumor accumulated", "inveterate phlegm loss the path", are the outstanding pathogenic characteristics of the "phlegm". Ancient and modern physicians accumulated rich experiences on preventing and treating the phlegm diseases. Those are worth excavating, organizing and clarifying deeply for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the phlegm diseases efficiently.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2012

DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine), questionnaire for oriental medical(medicine) diagnosis is an online survey system containing 152 questions for female, 149 questions for male that asking the basic symtoms of 16 pathogenic factors(病機). The result of DSOM denotes reliability according to the level of major symptoms of each pathogenic factor. Standard level of reliability is equal to all 16 pathogenic factor basically except phlegm(痰). In case of phlegm(痰) we give different weight depending on whether the factor includes gray color under the orbit(痰飮氣) or not. To examine reliability of DSOM, statistical analysis has been done to the data of felmale 10101, male 1564 except for bad responses and stored between 1st April 2000 to 3rd June 2011. Based on the study, the conclusions were as follows. Reliability of DSOM. For female, all pathogenic factors showed over 85% confidence level except for phlegm 82.6%. For male, all pathogenic factors showed more than 90% confidence level except two factors, phlegm(痰) indicates 87.% and damp(濕) indicates 89.8%. HH rates among pathogenic factors were more than 50 points. For female, HH rates of other 14 pathogenic factors were all over 80% except for heat(熱) 78.2% and insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) 75.3%. For male HH rates of all pathogenic factors were more than 80% except HH rates of heat 78.2% and damp 77.8%. Research based on a degree of satisfaction of reliability derived from pathogenic factors with scores of HH results in for all 16 pathogenic factors showed over 85% of relatively high level of satisfaction for both sexes whose reliability standard come under 5~4 points. Comparing appearance frequency of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Male only displays higer than female in heat(熱). Whereas female were higher than male for other 15 pathogenic factors and the difference was biggest in heart(心) and least in insufficiency of Yin(陰虛). Comparing appearance frequency order of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Female outdistanced male in blood stasis(血瘀) coldness(寒) blood-deficiency(血虛) phlegm(痰), while male outdistance female in heat(熱) insufficiency of Yin(陰虛) deficiency of qi(氣虛). Male had lower average of each pathogenic factors than female except heat(熱) as well as deficiency of qi(氣虛).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.123-140
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• 2014

Objectives : As there was no sufficient research done on Sasang (four harms: 氣[qi], 血[blood], 痰[phlegm], and 鬱[congestion]), which serves as a precept in treatment of miscellaneous diseases, in contrast with 'Yang is always teeming whereas Yin is always scarce' and 'Sanghwa-ron', which are Judangye's major theories, I have come to work on it. I expect that with this, we can understand Judangye's medical theory and therapy for a variety of diseases. Methods : To begin with, I take a look at the definition of Sasang. And then, I make selections of theories and therapy related to Sasang from Gyeokchiyeoron(格致餘論) and Geumgweguhyeon(金匱鉤玄), which are Judangye's writings. My study follows the order of energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion. Results : Through Gyeokchiyeoron, I have learned more about Judangye's theory on how energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion cause diseases. And as for therapy, I have tapped into Geumgweguhyeon to use sagunja-tang(四君子湯) for drained energy, samul-tang(四物湯) for drained blood, ijin-tang(二陳湯) for phlegm, and wolguk-hwan(越鞠丸) for congestion, thus verifying the originality of Judangye's theory. Conclusions : "Judangye for miscellaneous diseases" was confirmed through his treatments for energy, blood, phlegm, and congestion. And his idea of Yang-eum(養陰 'nurturing yin') is now reflected in therapy for miscellaneous diseases, now serving as a study that provides a comprehensive understanding of Judangye's medical theories.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.245-250
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference about pathogenesis of normal person and traffic accident, author used DSOM to investigate pathogenesis. Patient group is consisted of people who one month does not pass from traffic accident, and normal group is consisted of people who do not have special symptoms and past history. DSOM was used for pathogenesis investigation of two group. There was significant difference between T.A. group and Normal group in deficiency of blood (血虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(瘀血), dampness(濕), dryness(燥), liver (肝), heart(心), kidney(賢), phlegm(痰)(p<0.05). When it comes to comparison of sex, there was significant difference between male and female in dryness(燥), spleen(脾), and lung(肺)(p<0.05) in T.A. group. But in normal group, there was not significant difference between male and female, and in the case of male there was significant difference between T.A. group and normal group in deficiency of blood(血虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), kidney(賢), phlegm(痰)(p<0.05). Also in the case of female there was significant difference between T.A. group and normal group in blood(血虛), stagnation of qi(氣滯), blood stasis(瘀血), dampness(濕), dryness(燥), kidney(賢), phlegm(痰)(p<0.05). This result showed that the pathogenesis are differs. This result showed that the pathogenesis of traffic accident patient and normal people are difference.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 1999

Through a literal study upon the cause of epilepsy between east and west medicine, next conclusion have been abtained. 1. The cause epilepsy in the east medicine, congenital embryo disease is due to insufficiency of heart(心虛) or deficiency of heart energy(心氣虛), secondary cause is wind -evil(風), frightness(驚), phlegm(痰), fire(火) 2. The cause epilepsy in the west medicine is divided congenital disease and secondary cause, one is excessive discharge of electricity of the brain have on a central nerve, a digestive organ, a respiratory organ, hamatogenous functions, the other is hereditary it and pathological it. 3. The epilepsy is concerned about the abnormality in five viscera, liver, spleen, heart. 4. In comparison east and west medicine of epilepsy is native factor, or innate primary cause is added to outer cause of wind-evil(風), cold-evil(寒), summer-heat(署), wetness(濕), and inner cause of frightness-terror(驚-恐), seven modes of emotions(七情) and the epilepsy is occurred phlegm(痰), fire(火). It similar that the epilepsy is occurred to structural and functional obstacle in western hereditary and primary cause.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Ondam-tang(Ondam-tang, here-in-after referred to as "ODT") prescription in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications. Methods : We have analyzed the interpretation on the ODT prescription through translations and comparisons based on classic books about the oriental medical prescriptions. Result : 1. ODT was first mentioned in the Jiyangfang(集驗方) which was quoted in the Waitaimiyao (外臺秘要). After that, in book Sanyinjiyibingzhengfanglun(三因極一病證方論), Chen-yan(陳言) completed and recorded in a book organizing prescriptions of ODT now in frequent use. 2. The Banha(半夏) removes the dam(痰-phlegm) and relieves emesis. The Jinpee(陳皮) encourages strengths, and the Bokryoung composes oneself and produces the water. The Licorice(甘草) relieves people's mind, and the Ginger relieves gastrointestinal problems and relieves emesis. Juk-yeo(竹茹) abate of the fever of the Sangcho(上焦). Jisil(枳實) encourages strength, controlling Samcho(三焦) as releasing the congestion of energy. In these ways, numerous symptoms resulted from the imbalances of the Gallbladder(膽) are treated. 3. Meaning of "on(溫-warm)" in ODT regains the original characteristic of the Gallbladder(膽). 4. Treatment mechanism of ODT is 'cooling the Gallbladder(膽)' and 'remedies Samcho(三焦)' and 'eliminates dam(痰)' and 'cure Kiwool(氣鬱-which is kind of depressions) and Saengyen(生涎-which is kind of phlegm)' and 'removes a mismatch between Gallbladder(膽) and Stomache(胃)'. Conclusion : In this study, we have demonstrated various methodologies. This paper will be useful to the future researchers and clinicians to conduct a study on herbal medicines such as the ODT.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.864-868
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the recognition on phlegm-retained fluid of the Onbo School's five physicians, Xue Ji(薛己), Sun Yi-kui(孫一奎), Zhao Xian-ke(趙獻可), Zhang Jie-bin(張介賓), and Li Zhong-zi(李中梓), who made important contributions in the formation of Tanbing theories. Five authors were included as the study subjects. The study examined on the definition, causes, classification, therapeutic methods, and instructions of phlegm-retained fluid. The results are Phlegm-retained fluid is formed when the normal circulation of body fluid is not functioning properly. Plegm (痰) is thick, slimy, and murky fluid. In contrast, retained fluid(飮) is clear and watery fluid. The major causal organs of phlegm-retained fluid formation were pointed out as pancreas and kidney. Five physicians had different opinions regarding the classification of phlegm-retained fluid. Warming and tonifing the spleen and stomach(溫補脾胃) and tonifing the kidney(補腎) were taken as the suitable methods for treating phlegm-retained fluid. The common characteristics of the Onbo School were verified in terms of formation and treatment methods for phlegm-retained fluid. However, specific common points were hardly found in other items. The Onbo School had varied opinions on the processing methods of Rehmannia glutinosa(熟地黃). Further discussion on related references are essential.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.250-257
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• 2007

Uterus myoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus, In oriental medicine, we used to made an effort to management this patients without surgical operation. Doctors have treated patients of uterus myoma mainly by checking over each symptom they have. Then we think that patients have some symptoms in relation to an etiological cause. So I have carried out this study to investigate association of DSOM scores and an attack of uterus myoma in oriental medicine. We chose 3 groups, the first one is 257 uterus myoma patients who visited Dongeui University Oriental Medical Center from May 2001 to June 2006, the second one is 558 outpatients who didn't have uterus myoma from May 2005 to June 2005, the third one is 129 clinical trials who volunteered for Sasang constitutional medicine. Then we made up 3 groups to checkup DSOM, and investigated the All DSOM Fluents which effect uterus myoma patients using regression model. Logistic regression analysis indicate as follows ; In comparison with 558 outpatients data, blood stasis(血瘀), dryness(燥) is associated positively and insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), spleen(脾), phlegm(痰) negatively, and mean of the index for pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均) of deficiency of qi(氣虛), heart(心) negatively. In comparison with 129 clinical trials data, blood stasis(血瘀) is associated positively and phlegm(痰) negatively, and mean of the index for pathogenic factor(炳機指標 平均) of deficiency of Yin(陰虛), liver(肝), diarrhea positively, heart(心) negatively. 3. In investigation of DSOM items, items of blood stasis(血瘀), deficiency of Yin(陰虛), coldness(寒) is associated positively and items of heart(心), spleen(脾), Phlegm(痰) negatively.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

Objectives : The teaching which states, "Pi is the source of the phlegm and lung is the container of the phlegm" is a sentence that is regarded to have been based on the understanding of the production and container of phlegm based on physiology and pathology of viscera and bowels. However, the author's suspicion that this sentence has not received enough research as to truly understand its meaning has led to further study into this sentence. Methods : Medical book database was searched and historic medical books were reviewed in order to understanding the true meaning of this sentence. First, the meaning of the sentence was pondered upon based on how it was introduced in the original text, and each of the two parts of the sentence were closely analyzed for its relations in order to get a clear meaning of the sentence. Results : The source of this sentence is Bencaogangmu, and it describes the phenomenon of cough in the phlegm appearing more than that from pi and lungs. Later, some disagreements on this sentence developed, claiming that kidney is the source of phlegm whereas stomach is the container. Pi deficiency derives from abnormality in the transportation and transformation of pi, and it originates from kidney deficiency. Thus, kidney can be understood as the origin of phlegm. When phlegm is dispersed all around the body, it's difficult to see the stomach as a container of the phlegm. Conclusions : The pathology of the production and container of phlegm is that deficiency in kidney qi leads to the malfunction of transportation and transformation of pi, and this creates the bodily fluid to become stagnant, making pathological products such as dampness, phlegm, and retained fluid. This can be expressed as "Kidney is the origin of the phlegm, and pi is the source of the phlegm." Here, phlegm is created and stored either when phlegm enters the lungs in the process of pi dissipating into the lungs, or when pi affects the lungs which inhibits the pi movement in the lungs. This is the true meaning of "lung is the container of the phelgm."

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objective : "Dochangbup" is one of the therapies that remove pathogenic qi[邪氣] from the Emetic Method in the Miscellaneous Disorders part of Dongeuibogam東醫寶鑑. It is, in particular, the method of treatment that removes phlegm[痰], the cause of various disorders. Method : Application of "Dochangbup" had a long history in Korea as well. The meaning and application of "Dochangbup" are mentioned in various texts from early Chosun dynasty to the post liberation. Result : In China, there are a lot of medical texts by physicians throughout Ming and Qing Dynasty, with GeZhiYuLun格致餘論 at the top of the list, dealing with the meaning and applicable scope of "Dochang" method and pharmacy of "Hacheongo霞天膏". Most of the physicians are affiliated with Dan Xi School, regarding ZhudanXi朱丹溪 as a suzerain. In "Dongeuibogam", it is mentioned that "Dochangbup" can treat various disorders caused by phlegm. Though, when there is a possibility of harming original qi[元氣] during the treatment or grave deficiency in patients, it is requested to consider tonifying while purging. Conclusion : "Dochangbup" can be applied not only to the disorders mentioned in classical medical texts, like heart pain[心痛], leg disease[脚氣], urine turbidity[小便濁], involuntary discharge of semen[遺精], cough[咳嗽], blood spitting[喀血], but also to metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertention and diabetes, commonly found in the modern era.