• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2001

Chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b and $\beta$-carotene, crude chlorophylls and carotenoids (CCC) extracts of mustard leaf kimchi were isolated by DEAE-sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B colume and TLC. The effects of chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin a and b and $\beta$-carotene on linoleic acid autoxidation were examined by the determination of peroxide value and conjugated dienoic acid content. Among them, chlorophyll a showed greater antioxidative activity than others, followed by chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b and $\beta$-carotene. Degradation of pheophytin b was observed to be slower than others and $\beta$-carotene showed highest degradation level during the autoxidation reaction of linoleic acid.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2004

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin from silkworm feces according to various dry and storage methods such as sun dry, shade dry, fresh freezing dry and freezing dry after freezing storage (for 1∼3 years). The pheophytin extracts, mainly 10-hydroxypheophytin a, little b, of various storage silkworm feces were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. The content of those pheophytih in old silkworm for 3 years (freezing storage and freezing dried in use, or freezing dried and cold storage) was better than others. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts and ethanol extracts of various storage silkworm feces were measured using Jurkat cells originated from human leukemia, using dye uptake assay (MTT) in order to find effective photodynamic therapeutic agents. The anticancer activity of those pheophytin extracts in various storage methods showed little difference among them. But ethanol extracts of fresh freezing dried silkworm in the current year was good cytotoxic activity than those of any other silkworm feces. With regards to these results, fresh ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than old ones. On the other hands, the pheophytin extracts of old silkworm feces contained the highest percentage of pheophytin content and showed good cytotoxicity against cancer cells by changing the pheophytin into pheophobide in the degradative process.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2002

In order to find potential anticancer agents, we extracted pheophytin in the silkworm feces from various larval stages by water, chloroform and methanol extraction. The cytotoxicity of the pheophytin extracts of various silkworm feces was measured in the CT-26 cells originated from murine metastatic colon cancer, by dye uptake assay. The cytotoxicity of those pheophytins in 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars was better than remaining larval stages. The in vitro anticoagulant and fibyinolytic activities of ethanol extract from varietal mulberry leaves, mulberry branches and silkworm feces and pheophytin extracts from silkworm feces obtained at various larval stages were evaluated in order to find effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of myocardial and cerebral thrombosis. The fibrinolytic activity was tested using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) was measured for blood clotting activity. With regards to the fibrinolytic system, ethanol extracts of silkworm feces were better than varietal mulberry leaves and mulberry branches. The pheophytin extracts from 7th days of 5th instar contained the highest percentage of pheophytin and good fibrinolytic activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1321-1331
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• 2018

본 연구에서 N. commune으로부터 U937과 SK-HEP-1 세포에 대해 apoptosis를 유도하는 광과민성물질을 순수 분리하였다. N. commune을 dichloromethane : Methanol (1:1)로 추출하여 Hexane, EtOAc, MeOH로 분획하였다. 높은 광역학활성을 나타내는 EtOAc 분획물에서 NC-1을 분리하였으며, 분자량 870의 pheophytin a ($C_{55}H_{74}N_4O_5$)인 것으로 구조를 동정하였다. 광역학활성 조사는 NC-1을 $1.15{\mu}M$에서 $23.00{\mu}M$까지 5개의 농도를 처리하여 광을 조사하는 것과 조사하지 않는 조건으로 나누어 평가하였다. U937과 SK-HEP-1 두 세포에서 apoptotic body 형성, cell blebbing 등의 형태적 변화와 세포독성, caspase 활성, 세포핵의 응축, DNA 단편화 등이 광 의존적이며 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였다. 추가적으로 유세포분석을 통한 apoptosis 유도의 정량적 분석 결과에서도 광조건에서 농도가 증가할수록 apoptosis 유도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 NC-1의 U937과 SK-HEP-1 세포에 대한 사멸은 광역학적 apoptosis에 의한 것임을 확인하였다. 본 연구 내용을 N. commune으로부터 광감각제 개발의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 1998

Threetypes of Korean traditional kimchi were prepared using green onion, leek or godulbaegi as raw materials and stored at 5oC and 20oC for 13 days. Changes in salt and ascorbic acid contents, pH and total acidity as well as the relationship of the decomposition of chlorophylls and the production of their derivatives were investigated. For the all kimchi samples tested, salt content was not significantly changed during storage at both temperatures, whereas pH and total acidity were decreased and increased, respectively. Especially their remarkable changes were shown at the third day of storage. Ascorbic acid content was remained at high level in the leek kimchi for the experimental period at both storage temperatures, meanwhile godulbaegi kimchi retained the least amount of ascorbic acid. Chlorophylls were decomposed to pheophytin and pheophorbide during storage at both storage temperatures, and this phenomenon was apparent at the third day of storage. Reduction of chlorophylls and increasements of its decomposed products such as pheophytin and pheophorbide were the least in leek kimchi and the greatest in godulbaegi kimchi during storage at both temperatures. These results indicate that decomposition of chlorophylls in kimchi and increasements of pheophytin and pheophorbide were closely related to the ascorbic acid content in kimchi.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1985

배추를 가열 처리했을 때와 친치를 제조하여 산발효시켰을 때에 시간의 경과에 따른 chlorophylls의 변화와 pH의 변화를 조사하였다. 가열했을 때에는 pheophytins의 생성이 뚜렷했고, 이것은 pH의 감소경향과 관계있으며, 1분간 가열했을 경우에는 chlorophyllase의 활성화에 의해 chlorophyllides의 생성이 촉진되었다. 김치의 경우는 숙성초기에 pH변화에 따라 chlorophylls의 함량이 급격히 감소했으며, 숙성말기에는 pheophytins와 pheophorbiaes만 존재했고, 가열한 경우에 비해 pheophorbides의 생성이 뚜렷했지만 pheophytins보다는 낮은 수준이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.300-305
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• 1987

동결건조한 벼메뚜기의 저장성을 검토하기 위하여 $5^{\circ}C$ 냉장중의 색소의 변화를 측정하고 색소성분을 분리동정하여 이들이 지질의 산화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저장중 chlorophyll 함량은 크게 감소하고 pheophytin 함량이 증가하였는데, 진공포장은 chlorophyll의 분해를 어느 정도 억제하였다. 98일간 저장한 시료로부터 추출한 색소를 Silicic acid column으로 분획하여 chlorophyll류로 보이는 3구분(3a, 3b 및 3d)을 분취하고 TLC상에서의 Rf치(0.75, 0.50)와 흡수스펙트라에서의 흡수극대파장(408, 666nm; 419, 651nm; 433, 655nm)을 표준품의 것과 비교하여 pheophytin a 와 b 그리고 chlorophyll a의 분해물을 동정하였다. 이들 구분중 pheophytin a와 b 구분은 지질의 산화에 강력한 촉진작용을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 기술사
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1985

This investigation was attempted to determine changes in chlorophyll. Pheophytin content PH and titratable acidity during young redish Kim chi fermentation. Young redishes divied in to leaf and vein and fermented in dark room for 35 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ after pickling each group. Samples were collected at 5 days interval for the chemical analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Chlorophyll content in young redish was decreased by decreasing PH during fermentation periods. Chlorophyll content decreased from 11.60mg/g to 7.62mg/g in leaf, from 0.48mg/g to 0.33mg/g in vein respectively during 35 days fermentation periods. In contrast to chlorophyll. pheophytin content increased as chlorophyll content decreased during the period. The ratio of chlorophyll a and b content in young redish about 3 : 1 in leaf and vein and decreased nearly the same ratio during fermentation periods. In case of pheophytin a and b it was increased without any relation with the ratio chlorophyll a and b. In generally, the optimum PH for eating was known 4.3 to 5.0. Young redish Kim chi was reached the optimun PH at 15 to 25 days of fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$. At this periods. Chlorophyll content varied from 11.32mg/g to 9.30mg/g for leaf and from 0.43mg/g to 3.37mg/g for vein, respectively. 2. Titratable acidity(as lactic acid) was increased to 0.54% in leaf at 20 days fermentation period during Kim chi fermentation. and nearly unchanged until 30days. At the end of fermentation period the titratable acidity was about 0.30％. Titratable acidity was increased as decreasing pH. and the correlation coefficients was -0.92 in leaf and -0.77 in Vien. 3. Correlation between titratable acidity and chlorophll, pheophytin content was not significant statistically.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.243-243
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• 2017

Leaf colors of rice can be used to identify stress level due to its adaptation to environmental change. For most leaves green-related colors are sourced from chlorophyll a and b. For most leaves green-related colors are consisted of chlorophyll a and b. Chlorophyll concentration is normally measured using a spectrophotometer in laboratory. In some remote observation fields, it is impossible to collect the leaves, preserve them, and bring them to laboratory to measure their chlorophyll content. The measurement of chlorophyll content is observed through its color. Using CIE chromaticity diagram leaf color information in RGB is transformed into wavelength (in nm). Pheophytin contents were also analyzed in 95% ethanol extracts. In the process of leaf development of rice young seedling, both pigments were compared. Leaf samples from different rice seedling bed is taken, their colors and RGB values are recorded using Photoshop Image Analysis. SPAD-502 values were also measured. The chlorophyll and Pheophytin contents were fully estimated by ${\rightthreetimes}_{avg}$ on CIE chromaticity diagram.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.732-738
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• 2001

두충잎에서 인간대장암에세포 HCT-116에 세포증식 억제효과를 나타내는 성분을 silica gel column chromatography TLC로 분리하고 HPLC로 정제한 다음 UV-visual spectro-photometer에 의한 흡수 spectra 특성 HPLC에 의한 retention time과 분리패턴 및 FAB/MS로 분자량을 잠정적으로 동정한 결과 TLC 상에서 분리된 Rf 0.19 band 의 화합물은 chlorophyll a에서 $Mg^{2+}$이 제거된 pheophytin a로 Rf 0.25 band의 화합물은 pyropheophytin a로 확인되었다. 동정된 화합물들의 암세포 억제작용을 확인하기 위해 두충잎의 petroleum ether extract column chromatography로 분리한 분획물 및 TLC에서 분리된 각 band들의 cytotoxic activity을 in vitro에서 HCT-116 cancer cell을 사용하여 측정한 결과 모든 시료에서 암세포 증식억제 현상을 보였으며 특히 Rf 0.19와 Rf 0.25 band에서 분리된 화합물들에서 강하게 나타났다. 이 결과로 볼 때 두충잎에서 분리한 클로로필 유도체는 인간대장암세포인 HCT-116 cell에 대해 강한 항암작용이 있는 것으로 생각된다.