• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 1998

Butyltin and phenyltin residues were quantified in seawater and biota of the Chinhae Bay System, Korea in 1995. Butyltin compounds were detected in all seawater and biota samples, whereas phenyltin compounds were found only in the biota samples. Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations in seawater ranged from < 8-35 ng Sn/l. Tributyltin concentrations in Crassostyea gigas and Thais clavigera ranged from 95-885 and 23-414 ng Sn/g, respectively, Triphenyltin(TPhT) concentrations in each species ranged 155-678 and 46-785 ng Sn/g, respectively. Spatial distribution of TBT was closely related to boating and dry-docking activities. However, spatial distribution of TPhT was not consistent with that of TBT. The biological concentration factor for TBT in C. gigas was about 25000 that is four times greater than that of T. clavigera. Butyl- to phenyltin concentration ratio was greater than one in C. gigas, but that in T. clavigera was less than one. Major tissues of C. gigas also showed different accumulation patterns for butyl- and phenyltin compounds. Furthermore, 19 and 28% of total body burdens of TBT and TPhT were found in gonadal mass of C. gigas just prior to spawning.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경생물학회 2001년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.111-112
• /
• 2001

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.385-394
• /
• 2011

Organotin compounds (OTs), namely butyltins compounds (BTs) and phenyltin compounds (PhTs), were measured in surface and core sediments collected in Jeju harbor. The horizontal and vertical distribution was examined and the relationship between the concentration of OTs and organic matter content and particle size distribution was also studied. BTs were detected in significant concentrations in sediments inside Jeju harbor. PhTs were detected in very low concentrations, compared to BTs. The main species in BTs and PhTs were dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), monophenyltin (MPhT), respectively. In the relationships between the concentrations of total BTs and organic carbon content, the significant correlations ($r^2$=0.4898 in surface sediments, $r^2$=0.53 in one core sediments) and no correlation in another core sediments obtained, which is estimated that the distribution of BTs in sediments were affected by several factors, such as their physicochemical properties including organic carbon content, and a tide, etc. In the relationships between the concentrations of total BTs and particle size (mud, sand, and gravel) in sediments, the concentrations of total BTs were higher in the sediments with higher mud content, indicating that higher BTs were distributed with increasing sediments of fine granules.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2002

유기주석화합물은 선박방오도료에 살생물제로 쓰이는 독성이 강한 물질로서 내분비계장애물질의 일종으로 알려지고 있다. 광양만에서 유기주석화합물의 오염현황을 파악하고자 표층퇴적물 및 생물체 중의 농도를 정성 및 정량분석하였으며, 생물에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 복족류의 임포섹스(암컷에서 수컷의 성기가 발현되는 현상)를 측정하였다. 표층퇴적물 및 생물체 체내에서 phenyltin은 일부 정점을 제외하고는 모두 검출한계 이하의 값을 보였으나, butyltin은 대부분의 정점에서 검출되었다. 표층퇴적물, 참굴, 대수리 체내의 tributyltin (TBT)의 농도는 각각 미검출-29 ng/g, 178-2458 ng/g, 47-236 ng/g 범위를 보였다. TBT 화합물의 공간적인 분포는 선박활동과 밀접한 관련이 있었으며, 항구가 위치한 여수 인근을 제외하고는 광양내만에서 상대적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 한편 대수리 중의 임포섹스는 11개 정점에서 모두 관찰되었으며, 상대성기길이 지수는 47.9-107.8%의 범위를 보였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2009

Some organotin compounds such as butyltins and phenyltins are known to induce impo-sex in various marine animals and are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the effect of organotins on follicular steroidogenesis in amphibians was examined using ovarian follicles of Rana dybowskii and Rana catesbeiana. Isolated follicles were cultured for 6 or 18 h in the presence and absence of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or various steroid precursors, and the levels of product steroids in the culture media oassay. Among the butyltin compounds, tributyltin (TBT) strongly and dose-dependently inhibited the FPH-induced synthesis of pregnenolone ($P_5$) and progesterone ($P_4$) by the follicles. TBT also strongly suppressed the conversion of cholesterol to $P_5$ and partially suppressed the conversion of $P_5$ to $P_4$. A high concentration of dibutyltin (DBT) also inhibited steroidogenesis by the follicles while monobutyltin and tetrabutyltin had negligible effects. The toxic effect of TBT or DBT was irreversible and a short time of exposure (30 min) was enough to suppress steroidogenesis. All the phenyltin compounds significantly inhibited FPH-induced $P_5$ synthesis by the follicles. The effective dose of 50% inhibition by diphenyltin was $0.04\;{\mu}M$ and those of monophenyltin and triphenyltin were $0.24\;{\mu}M$ and $0.3\;{\mu}M$, respectively. However, none of the phenyltin compounds significantly suppressed the conversion of $P_4$ to $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone ($17{\alpha}$-OHP) (by $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase), $17{\alpha}$-OHP to androstenedione (AD) (by $C_{17-20}$ lyase), or AD to testosterone by the follicles. Taken together, the data show that among the steroidogenic enzymes, P450scc in the follicles is the most sensitive to organotin compounds and that an amphibian follicle culture system can be a useful screening model for endocrine disruptors.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2002

강원 북부연안에 많이 서식하는 명주조개 (C. antiquafa)를 대상으로 중장선의 미크로좀을 in vitro로 유기주석화합물 (TBTO, TBTC, TPTC)과 배양하여 약물대사효소계의 cytochrome P450 (CYP)과 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)의 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 이들 화합물은 모두 명주조개의 약물대사효소계를 짧은 시간 내에 저해한다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉,미크로좀을 0.4 mM 농도의 TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC와 20분간 배양한 후의 CYP 함량은 첨가하기 전에 비해 각각 $52\%$, $72\%$ 및 $40\%$로 줄었는데, 이것으로 화합물의 종류에 따라서 저해 정도는 차이가 있었고 butyltin화합물보다는 phenyltin화합물의 저해 정도가 더 컸다. 그리고 EROD 활성의 경우도 0.4 mM의 TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC와 20분 간 배양하였더니 각각 $100\%$, $92\%$ 및 $85\%$로 butyltin 화합물보다 는 phenyltin 화합물의 저해가 더 컸다. 한편, TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC 모두는 패류 중장선의 CYP와 EROD 활성을 농도의존적으로 저해하였으며, 그리고 두 효소는 모두 오염물질에 노출된 패류의 좋은 생체지표 (bioindicator)로 활용할 수 있을 것이라 여겨진다.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2005

구룡포항에서 수획한 어패류에 함유된 유기주석화합물인 BT 화합물의 농도를 분석한 결과, 어류에 함유된 TBT, DBT, MBT의 농도는 각각 $15.68{\sim}52.93\;ng/g$(평균 28.65 ng/g), $13.95{\sim}72.16\;ng/g$(평균 26.99 ng/g), $37.73{\sim}133.59\;ng/g$(평균 85.18 ng/g)으로 분석되었다. 또한 어류의 근육보다는 내장에 BT 화합물이 더 많이 축적되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 패류에서의 TBT, DBT, MBT 농도는 각각 $42.15{\sim}56.13\;ng/g$(평균 50.94 ng/g), $34.16{\sim}52.82\;ng/g$(평균 42.79 ng/g), $41.25{\sim}72.60\;ng/g$(평균 53.71 ng/g)으로 분석되어 패류의 BT 화합물 함유량이 어류의 BT 화합물 함유량보다 다소 높았다. 또한 어류에 함유된 PT 화합물의 농도를 분석한 결과 TPT와 DPT의 농도가 각각 $0.47{\sim}3.90\;ng/g$(평균 2.33 ng/g), $ND{\sim}0.56\;ng/g$(0.15 ng/g)이었으며 MBT는 검출되지 않았다. 패류의 PT 화합물의 농도는 TPT가 $10.24{\sim}21.67\;ng/g$(평균 17.45 ng/g, DPT가 $3.32{\sim}4.78\;ng/g$(평균 3.91 ng/g), MPT가 $0.11{\sim}0.36\;ng/g$(평균 0.25 ng/g)으로 분석되었다. 한편 어류에 함유된 유기주석화합물의 비율을 볼 때, BT 화합물의 경우 MBT 비율이 높게 나타난 반면 PT 화합물에서는 TPT 비율이 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 볼 때 구룡포항에서 수획한 어패류의 유기주석화합물 농도는 국내 다른 항구의 어패류보다 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.