• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.824-827
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• 1990

페놀산류(類)는 식물계에 널리 분포되어 있으며, 페놀산의 대부분은 식물 또는 곡류의 세포벽과 결합하고 있다. 한편, p-coumaric acid는 흰쥐에 대한 콜레스테롤 저하 작용이 있다는 것을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구는 p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid 및 이러한 화합물과 구조가 유사한 caffeic acid를 콜레스테롤 무첨가 식이 및 고(高)콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 페놀산류(類)는 일반 시판품으로서 실험식이에 0.2% 첨가, 체중 $80{\sim}90g$의 Wistar계(系) 흰쥐 수컷에 21일간 급여한 결과 이번 실험의 조건에서는 혈청 콜레스테롤에 대한 각 페놀산의 영향은 인정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 ferulic acid 첨가에 의한 체중감소, caffeic acid 첨가에 의한 HDL-콜레스테롤 감소의 원인 등 금후 검토하여야 할 점도 나타내 보였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1976

Lasoda와 Sebago 두 종류의 감자를 사용하여, 조리 조건을 달리 하여 conventional oven에 $218^{\circ}C$에서와 microwave oven에서 구어내어 껍질을 베끼고 cortex 부분만 취하여 전체 phenol을 분석하였다. 또한 chlorogenic acid와 caffeic acid를 표준으로 하여 thin-layer chromatography로 감자의 phenol화합물을 분석 하였다. Phenol양은 구운 감자보다 생 감자에 더 많았고, Sebago 보다 Lasoda에 많았다. 수분손실은 conventional oven에서 구운 감자에 컸고, microwave oven에서 구운 Lasoda에는 phenol양이 많았다. 또한 phenol양이 많은 Lasoda가 chlorogenic acid도 많았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2016

Background: The study of phenolic compounds profiles and antioxidative activity in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots with respect to cultivation years, and has been little reported to date. Hence, this study examined the phenolic compounds profiles and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical-scavenging activities in the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) as a function of cultivation year. Methods: Profiling of 23 phenolic compounds in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots was investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with the external calibration method. Antioxidative activity of ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots were evaluated using the method of DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity. Results: The total phenol content in ginseng fruit and leaves was higher than in ginseng roots (p < 0.05), and the phenol content in the ginseng samples was significantly correlated to the DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity ($r=0.928^{****}$). In particular, p-coumaric acid ($r=0.847^{****}$) and ferulic acid ($r=0.742^{****}$) greatly affected the DPPH activity. Among the 23 phenolic compounds studied, phenolic acids were more abundant in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots than the flavonoids and other compounds (p < 0.05). In particular, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, p- and m-coumaric acid, and rutin were the major phenolic compounds in 3e6-yr-old ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots. Conclusion: This study provides basic information about the antioxidative activity and phenolic compounds profiles in fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng with cultivation years. This information is potentially useful to ginseng growers and industries involved in the production of high-quality and nutritional ginseng products.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.290-290
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most consumed staple food crop which is energy source as carbohydrate and also is considered as the important antioxidant sources including various phenolic compounds. According to the increasing demand of healthy life, the concern to antioxidant also is increasing because of its health-promoting effect. Phenolic compounds are one of the plant secondary metabolites class, which shows various benefits to preventing or treating chronic diseases. In this study, we have measured the total phenol content from total 647 rice samples using the Floin-Ciocalteau method, and then were selected 30 rice genetic resources classified with high, middle, and low group on the basis of total phenol content. The average of the total phenol content of each group was high-group ($6892.9{\pm}488.5{\mu}g\;GAE/g$) > middle-group ($1428.1{\pm}76.0{\mu}g\;GAE/g$) > low-group ($97.6{\pm}11.4{\mu}g\;GAE/g$). The selected rice samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS to find the composition and concentration of individual phenolic in rice grain. High-group and middle-group contained large amounts of protocatechuic acid and (+)-catechin whereas low-group showed limited amount. Among high-group samples, rice samples with black pericarp color (IT 174089, IT 220079, and IT 259958) had high content of peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Further, these black rice samples were special since polydatin, rarely found stilbenoid in rice grain, was detected. Overall, both the sum of phenolic acid and the sum of flavonoid were high-group > middle-group > low-group. Also, each group exhibited different phenolic compositions; high-group consisted of flavonoid more than phenolic acid, middle-group and low-group was comprised of phenolic acid rather than flavonoid, and non-pigmented rice was composed by fully phenolic acid. The total phenol content had positive relationships with the sum of phenolic compound (r = 0.64), the sum of flavonoid (r = 0.74) at the significance level of p < 0.0001. In addition, protocatechuic acid and quercetin showed positive correlation with above phenolic composition parameters; in order, r = 0.98, 0.65 for protocatechuic acid and r = 0.73, 0.78 for quercetin (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the total phenol content assay showed the possibility of utilization as a phenolic composition indicator in rice grain. Also, this result was suggested study pigment on other material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2006

본 연구는 백삼으로부터 페놀산 획분을 얻은 후 페놀산 성분들의 조성 및 함량을 조사하고, 이 획분 들의 항산화 활성을 측정하기 위해 실시되었다. 추출수율 및 페놀성 물질의 함유량은 유리형 (FPA)획분이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, GC 분석 결과에서도 페놀산 함유량이 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나, 3종류의 페놀산 획분이 갖는 항산화 활성을 실험한 결과 ferulic acid함량이 가장 높았던 결합형 (BPA)페놀산 획분의 라디칼 소거 활성이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 단, SOD유사활성에서는 에스테르형 페놀산 획분의 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 에스테르형 (EPA) 획분에서만 검출된 caffeic acid에 의한 활성으로 생각된다. 백삼의 페놀산 획분이 홍삼이나 다른 천연물의 추출물에 비해 in vitro에서 활성이 낮은 것으로 나타나지만, 동물실험 이나 임상실험에서는 어떠한 결과를 초래할 수 있을 지는 검토해 봐야 할 필요성이 있으므로, 본 연구의 결과는 그동안 사포닌 연구에 비해 많이 이루어지지 않았던 페놀산에 대한 연구뿐만 아니라 후속적으로 이뤄져야 할 임상실험을 위한 기초 자료로써의 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substituted groups in phenolic compounds to develop an anticancer agent having strong cytotoxicity against cancer cells but weak against normal cells. The phenolic compounds used in this study were gallic acid and ferulic acid with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, syringic acid with hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups, and pyre-gallol with hydroxyl groups. Cytotoxicities of these compounds were evaluated by MTT assay for cell viability and XTT assay for cell adhesion activity in normal human skin fibroblast (Detroit 551) and human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-3) cells. Syringic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid decreased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity in SK-MEL-3 cells but not in Detroit 551 cells while pyrogallol decreased in both cells. The susceptibility of cell viability based on the $IC_{50}$ values of MTT assay in Detroit 551 cells was in the following order: pyrogallol > gallic acid > ferulic acid > syringic acid, while it was in SK-MEL-3 cells: Syringic acid > progallol > ferulic acid > gallic acid. These results suggest that carboxyl and methoxy groups of these compounds play an important role in selectivity of cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 1998

The unique sulphated phenolics, gallic acid 3-methyl ether 5-potassium sulphate, isoferulic acid 3-potassium sulphate, and ellagic acid 4,4'-dimethyl ether 3-potassium sulphate have been isolated from the flowers of Tamarix amplexicaulis Ehrenb. (Tamaricaceae). The hitherto unknown natural phenolic acid, gallic acid 3-methyl ether, together with the known phenolic, gallic acid, gallic acid 4-methyl ether, isoferulic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, and ellagic acid 4,4'-dimethyl ether have been also separated and characterized. The structures were established by conventional methods, including electrophoretic analysis and confirmed by ESI-MS, $^1H-\;and\;^{13}C-NMR$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제15권
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• pp.83-91
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• 1997

페놀성 화합물들은 단백질이나 금속 이온들과 결합하는 성질을 지녀 식품분야에서는 영양 저해물질 혹은 갈변의 원인물질로 알려져 있으며 또 이들물질이 상수원에 유입시 염소와 결합하여 악취나 발암물질을 형성하는 등 환경적으로 유해한 물질로 알려져 있다. 그러나 최근에는 이들 물질들의 항미생물 효과, 항암효과 등이 밝혀짐에 따라 유용한 물질로 이용될 가능성이 매우 높아졌다. 이들 물질들의 제거 또는 회수는 곧 유해물질의 제거 혹은 유용성분의 분리의 의미가 된다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 연속식 고정층 흡착을 다성분계 페놀산 용액에서 행하여 실제 흡착공정에 적용시 필수적인 자료인 파과곡선 및 파과점을 nonlinoar curve fitting방법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 흡착질의 종류가 증가할수록 파과곡선의 적합성은 점점 낮아졌으며 흡착속도에 있어서는 gallic acid가 가장 빨리 파과점을 지나고 ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid의 순으로 나타났다. 이들 결과로부터 다성분계에서의 연속식 고정층 흡착은 흡착제와 흡착질간의 ionic strength와 흡착질간의 분자량의 차이가 흡착량과 파과속도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1253-1258
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• 2012

Two phenolic allopyranosides and two phenolic amide allopyranosides, along with eight known phenolic compounds, including cimicifugic acids, shomaside B, fukiic acid, isoferulic acid, and piscidic acid, were isolated from the n-butanolic extract of rhizomes of Cimicifuga heracleifolia. On-line spectroscopic data for UV, NMR, and MS from a combination of LC-NMR and LC-MS techniques directly and rapidly provided sufficient structural information to identify and confirm all the structures of major phenolic compounds in the extract, in addition to their HPLC profiles. This combined analytic information was then used as a dereplication tool for structure-guided screening in order to isolate unknown phenolic compounds in the extract. Successive fractionation and purification using semi-preparative HPLC acquired four unknown allopyranosides, and their structures were identified as cis-ferulic acid 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, trans-ferulic acid 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, trans-feruloyltyramine 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, and trans-feruloyl-(3-O-methyl)dopamine 4-O-${\beta}$-D-allopyranoside, based on a subsequent spectroscopic interpretation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1997

자소자의 탈지시료로부터 FPA, SPA 및 IPA 형태의 phenol성 물질을 추출하여 이중 항산화활성이 가장 강한 FPA 추출물에 존재하는 항산화성분을 column chromatography 및 HPLC에 의하여 분리하였다. Chlorogenic acid를 표준물질로하여 측정한 탈지된 자소자에 함유되어 있는 phenol성 물질의 총함량은 0.38% 였고, 총 phenol성 물질중 FPA, SPA 및 IPA 추출물이 차지하는 비율은 71.1%, 15.8% 및 13.1%였다. 세가지 형태의 phenol성 물질의 항산화활성을 electron donating ability (EDA)와 linoleic acid를 기질로 하여 TBA값을 측정하여 비교하였을 경우 FPA 추출물이 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 항산화활성이 가장 높게 나타난 FPA 추출물을 silica gel column chromatography로 분획하여 항산화활성을 비교한 결과 acetone : methanol의 비가 8 : 2인 획분에서 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 항산화활성이 가장 높았던 획분을 HPLC에 의하여 분리한 결과 HPLC chromatogram 상에서 5가지 활성물질 획분이 분리되었으며, 이들 획분을 분취하여 항산화활성을 비교한 결과 F-I 획분이 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다.