• 임산에너지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2005

목탄의 제조 과정 중 얻어지는 목타르의 활용방안을 모색코자 페놀수지에 목타르를 혼합하여 합판을 제조하여, 물리적, 기계적 및 포름알데히드 방출성능을 조사하였다. 목타르를 혼합하여 제조된 합판의 경우, 목타르를 혼합하지 않은 합판에 비해 물리적, 기계적인 면에서 별다른 감소를 보이지 않았으며, 인장전단 접착력은 비내수, 내수 모두 목타르의 혼합으로 인하여 오히려 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 포름알데히드 방출량에서도 목타르의 첨가는 방출량을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.48-52
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• 1998

Residues such as walnut, pinenut and peanut shells were used as a filler in adhesive for bonding radiata pine plywood. The nutshell residues were prepared by simply drying to 8% moisture content and grinding the dry material using a laboratory Wiley mill with a $75{\mu}m$ (200 mesh) screen. The nutshells residues were compared to a commercial filler commonly used in adhesives by the structural plywood and laminated veneer lumber industry in the United States. The adhesive mixes were made by following the recommended procedure of Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc., using phenol-formaldehyde resin. For each filler type, three-ply plywoods, 6 mm nominal thickness and 30 by 30 cm in size, were fabricated at two press times (4 and 5 min) and around 30 minute assembly time. Evaluations of the nutshell residues were carried out by tension shear tests after cyclic boil tests on plywood. The results of the performance test included tension shear strength and wood failure. All plywoods made with the nutshell fillers were comparable to those made with the control filler. These results indicate that nutshell residues would be suitable as filler for plywood adhesives.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.722-731
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the efficiency of impregnation using phenol formaldehyde resin to enhance Falcataria wood's stability and better mechanical properties. Impregnation process was carried out after moisture content stabilized at 12% on samples with a dimension of 20 mm × 20 mm × 300 mm at various concentrations and pressure time. Dimensional stability was evaluated by thickness swelling (TS) and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and the young's modulus was conducted according to BS 573. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of impregnated wood were evaluated. Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of Falcataria wood were successfully increased after impregnation. PF impregnation can improve the mechanical properties and the density from 0.26 g/㎤ to 0.30 g/㎤ even with only 10% of weight percent grain. Dimensional stability increases with increasing resin concentration and time pressure. The highest increase in mechanical properties was found at a higher concentration of PF. The penetration of PF into the wood's cell darkens the color of impregnated wood.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.755-762
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• 1995

A phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing about 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde was biologically treated by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on ceramic beads. This study was carried out with three experimental groups : Control-only added the sludge of papermill wastewater ; GE2 treatment-added GE2 to Control ; Ceramic treatment-applied ceramic carrier to GE2 treatment. When the original wastewater was diluted 80 times with aerated tap-water, influent COD$_{Mn}$ WaS 1,140 mg/l and that of the effluent was in the range of 22-35 mg/l, which was not much different among the experimental groups. However, at 20-times dilution, influent COD$_{Mn}$ was 4,800 mg/l and the effluent COD$_{Mn}$ of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 179, 128 and 94 mg/l, respectively. COD$_{Mn}$, removal efficiency by Ceramic treatment was the highest, at 98.0%. At this time, the effluent phenol concentration of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 10.71, 7.93 and 5.60, respectively. As the dilution times decreased, the removal efficiency of COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol did not change much, but COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol concentration of the effluent increased. Consequently, it is likely that the phenolic industrial wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde can be biologically treated using a GE2 and ceramic carrier and that at 40-times dilution, the effluent completely meets the effluent standards for industrial wastewater treatment plant.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 페놀수지 SMC 제조에 사용되는 수용성 레졸형 페놀-포름알데히드 수지의 열안정성과 경화 발열반응 피크의 변화에 미치는 경화온도 및 경화시간의 영향을 열중량분석기와 시차주사열량계를 사용하여 조사하였다. 수용성 페놀-포름알데히드 수지의 중량감소는 주로 $200^{\circ}C,\;400^{\circ}C$ 그리고 $500^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 세 단계로 발생하였다. 경화된 수지의 $750^{\circ}C$에서 탄화수율은 약 62%~65%이었다. 수용성 페놀수지의 열안정성은 경화온도와 경화시간이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 경화시 발열반응은 약 $120^{\circ}C{\sim}190^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 진행되며, 발열피크의 최대점은 약 $165^{\circ}C{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 관찰되었다. 발열반응 곡선의 형태와 발열피크의 최대점은 주어진 경화온도와 경화시간에 의존하였다. 경화되지 않은 수지에 포함되어 있는 $H_2O$ 및 휘발성분을 제거하기 위하여 경화 또는 성형 전에 적어도 $100^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 약 60분 이상의 열처리가 요구되었다. $130^{\circ}C$에서 120분 동안의 경화는 수용성 페놀-포름알데히드 수지의 발열피크를 사라지게 하며, $180^{\circ}C$에서 60분 동안이 후경화는 수지의 열안정성을 더욱 향상시켜 주었다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

목탄의 제조과정에서 발생되는 목타르의 신용도를 찾고자 목타르를 이용한 레졸형 페놀수지접착제를 제조하여, 합판에 대한 접착력 시험을 실시하였다. 소나무타르계 접착제는 미첨가 페놀접착제와 비교했을 때, 고형분, 점도와 같은 수지의 물성은 유사하였으며, 인장 전단 접착력에서도 비내수, 내수 모두 페놀접착제에 비해 크게 떨어지지 않았다. 그러나, 참나무타르계 접착제의 경우에서는 수지물성도 페놀수지와는 다른 물성을 보였으며, 내수접착력은 페놀접착제의 접착력에 비해 절반 정도의 낮은 접착력을 보였다. 포름알데히드 방출량은 목타르의 첨가량이 많을수록 많이 방출되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 1949

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.618-623
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• 2020

구형 페놀수지 입자 및 상대적으로 가교밀도가 낮은 구형 페놀-크레졸 공중합체 수지를 페놀, ortho-크레졸, 및 포름알데히드로부터 염기성 촉매인 트리에틸아민(triethylamine)의 존재 하에 98 ℃에서 현탁중합을 통하여 합성하였다. 페놀은 두 개의 ortho 및 한 개의 para 위치에서 포름알데히드와 반응하여 가교구조를 형성하지만 ortho-크레졸은 선점된 하나의 ortho 위치의 methyl 기로 인하여 공중합 시 가교 밀도를 저하시킨다. 그 영향으로 700 ℃ 질소 환경에서의 탄화 시 구형 페놀수지 비드에 비해 구형 페놀-크레졸 공중합체 수지의 경우 겉보기 밀도의 감소와 함께 수축율의 증가 현상이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 크레졸 올리고머의 분자량이 증가함에 따라 탄화 된 공중 합체 비드의 기공 반경이 감소하여 밀도 및 수축 결과와 일치 하였으며, 크레졸을 이용하여 구형 페놀수지 입자의 가교도를 조절함으로써 탄화과정에서의 밀도 감소율이 약 3~6%포인트 증가되고, 수축율은 약 6~20%포인트 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2023

Economical use of larix (larch) boards (grade 3) in industries is lower than that of imported hardwood; thus, studies have been conducted toward performance improvement of larix boards. Herein, flexural modulus of larix board samples laminated with wood adhesives polyurethane resins, poly (vinyl acetate) resins, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, and urea-formaldehyde resins was compared with that of the samples bonded with adhesives reinforced with mesh-type basalt fibers. Moreover, the flexural moduli of the laminated samples bonded by mesh-type basalt fibers were compared with those of reinforced samples. The results showed that boards laminated with polyurethane and urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives had higher flexural modulus than those without the lamination. In particular, the increase in the flexural modulus was relatively significant for the 2- and 3-ply board structures laminated with polyurethane adhesives compared to those with reinforcement. The 3-ply board structure without reinforcement had the highest flexural modulus when the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive was used.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1988

In order to investigate the extending effects on urea-formaldehyde resin- or phenol- formal- dehyde resin- glued keruing plywood, hot pressing temperatures were controlled to 110, 140, 170 and $200^{\circ}C$. As the extender, wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder, the equivalently- extended with the above three powders, and diatomite powder were respectively mixed with 5, 10, 15 and 20% ratios to the resin liquid, and also with these the no- extended was allowed. Based on the measured bonding strength, the conclusions were drawn: 1. In the urea- formaldehyde resin, extending effects on the bonding strength were in the order of wheat flour, the equivalently- extended with the wheat flour, persimmon- and chestnut bark powder, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder. In the phenol- formaldehyde resin, the effects in the order of wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, diatomite powder, chestnut bark powder were resulted in. Specifically, superior bonding strength to the no-extended were given with the wheat flour and persimmon bark powder. 2. On the whole, the bonding strength decreased gradually, as the hot pressing temperature increased except for the diatomite powder extending.