• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1992

수계내 저질에 대한 구리 및 카드융의 분배 특 성을 검토하기 위하여 선택적 연속추출법에 의해 실험한 결과 다음과 같았다. 저질에 분배된 구리는 pH의 변화에 따라 carbo¬n nate 상과 exchangeable/adsorbed 상이 영향을 많이 받았으며 카드륨은 carbonate 상이 영향을 많이 받았다. 그리고 NTA와 EDTA가 함께 존재할 때 구리와 카로융 모두 carbonate 상과 결합한 것이 가장 많이 해리되어 수중으로 이동하였다. 저질과 결합한 금속량과 평형농도 사이의 구리와 카드륨의 총괄적인 분배계수는 구리가 8.361이었 으며 카드륨이 0.497이었다. 저질내 각 고형상에 분배된 크기를 분배계수로 나타내면 구리의 경우는 carbonate, organic matter, exchangeable/adsorbed, manganese oxides 그리고 iron oxides 차례로 컸으며, 카드뮴의 경우는 exchangeable/adsorbed, carbonate, manganese oxides, organic matter 그리고 iron oxides 차례로 컸다. organic matter 상은 구리와는 달리 카드륨에서는 분배에 크게 기여하지 않았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 1994

Fe(III) IDA -PEG/ dextran 액 이상 분계 시스템에서 phosphoprotein의 분배 예측을 위한 모델식이 유도되었다. 본 모델식에는 단백칠 분배에 수소이온과 hydroxide 이온의 저해효과가 포함되어 었다. 표변에 각각 1,27~의 phosphoryl 그 룹을 갖고 있는 ovalbumin의 AI, A2, 성분을 정제한 후 단백질 분배 실험을 수행하였으며 실 험결과와 모텔식에의한 예측이 잘 얼치하는 것 을 확인하였다. Fe(III)IDA-PEG와 단백질 표면 p phosphoryl group과의 결합상수는 PEG 상과 dextran상에 셔 각각 $6.1{\times}, 10^3M^{-1} and 2.3{\times}10^4M^{-1}$이었으며,이것은 Cu(II)IDA-PEG와 단백질 표면 histidine과의 결합상수 보다 3-5배 높은 값이 였 다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

Environmental fate of ionizable organic pollutants such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are of increasing interest but has not been well understood because of uncertain values for parameters related with atmospheric interphase partitioning behavior. In the present study, not only the values for air-water partition coefficient (K_AW) and dissociation constant (pKa) of PFAAs were induced by adjusting to in situ measurements of air-water distribution coefficient between vapor phase and rainwater but also gas-particle partition coefficients were also estimated using three-phase partitioning model of ionizable organic pollutants, in situ measurements of PFAAs in aerosol and air vapor phase, and obtained parameter values. The pKa values of PFAAs we obtained were close to the minimum values suggested in literature except for perfluorooctane sulfonic acids, and COSMOtherm-modeled K_AW values were assessed to more appropriate among suggested values. When applying parameter values we obtained, it was predicted that air particle-associated fate and transport of PFAAs could be negligible and PFAAs could distribute ubiquitously along the transection from urban to rural region by pH-dependent phase transfer in air. Our study is expected to have some implications in prediction of the environmental redistribution of other ionizable organic compounds.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1998

수용성 이상계에서 효율적인 추출발효를 수행하기 위해서는 생체촉매와 생성물이 서로 반대 상에 우세하게 분배되어아 한다. 일반적으로 분자량이 낮은 생성물은 양쪽상에 비슷하게 분배되므로, 상의 조성 등을 조절하여 한쪽상의 체적을 증가시켜 최대한으로 생성물을 추출하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 PEI와 HEC으로 구성된 수용성 이상계에서 L. helveticus와 젖산의 분배에 미치는 다가 음이온의 농도, pH, 배지의 농도 및 생육배지 농도 등의 영향을 검토하였다. PEI의 상대 이온으로 작용하는 phosphate, sulfate 음이온수의 증가는 PEI 상의 체적을 감소시켜 하부상에 분배되는 세포의 양(Cb)을 감소시켰으며, sulfate 농도의 영향은 phosphate에 비해 적었다. 검토한 범위에서 대략 93%이상의 세포가 HEC-rich상부상에 분배되었다. 이상계에 생육배지 농도를 달리하여 첨가했을 때 배지 중에 존재하는 phosphate와 sulfate 농도에 따라 비슷한 경향을 나타냈지만 낮은 농도로 인하여 그 영향은 크지 않았다. Phosphate 농도에 따른 젖산분배를 검토한 결과 농도가 증가할수록 분배계수는 감소하였으며, 대략 85%가량의 젖산이 PEI의 하부상에 분배되었다. 이 결과로부터 수용성 이상계에서 전하를 띤 저 분자량의 생성물의 추출은 반대 전하를 띠는 폴리머를 하나의 상형성 풀리머로 사용함으로써 증진되었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 L. helveticus 세포는 95% 정도가 상부상에 분배되고 젖산은 85%정도가 하부상에 우세하게 분배되므로 PEI/HEC 이상계는 치즈유청으로 부터의 젖산의 추출발효에 가능성이 높은 시스템으로 응용될 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1372-1377
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• 2009

For the remediation of the subsurface contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids(NAPLs), it is important to characterize the NAPL zone properly. Conventional characterization methods provide data at discrete points. To overcome the weak points of conventional characterization methods, the partitioning tracer method has been developed and studied. The average saturation of NAPL($S_n$), which is the representative and continuous saturation value within contaminated site, can be calculated by comparing the transport of the partitioning tracers to that of the conservative tracer in the partitioning tracer method. In this study, the application of the partitioning tracer method in heterogeneous media was investigated. To represent the heterogeneous condition of subsurface, a two-dimensional soil box was divided into four layers and each layer contained different sized soils. Soils in the soil box were contaminated by the mixture of kerosene and diesel, and partitioning tracer tests were conducted before and after the contamination using methanol as conservative tracer and 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, and hexanol as partitioning tracers. The response curves of partitioning tracers from contaminated soils were separated and retarded in comparison with those from non-contaminated soils. The contamination of soils by NAPLs, therefore, can be detected by partitioning tracer method considering these retardations of tracers. From our experiment condition, the average saturation of NAPLs calculated by partitioning tracer method using the methanol as conservative tracer and hexanol as partitioning tracer showed the highest accuracy, though all results were underestimated. Further studies, therefore, were needed for improving the accuracy using the partitioning tracer test in heterogeneous media.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.115-118
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• 2006

The partitioning tracer method has been studied as an alternative method for characterizing aquifers contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Accurate partition coefficients of tracers partitioning between NAPL and water are needed to improve the reliability of the partitioning tracer method. In this research, partition coefficients of alcohol tracers partitioning between benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds and water are estimated from using the approach of equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN). General agreement was observed in between the measured and estimated partition coefficients. Based on these results we can verify that the EACN approach is suitable for estimating the partition coefficient.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

In a study of the optimum operational condition for a melting decontamination, the effects of the basicity, slag type and slag composition on the distribution of depleted uranium were investigated for radioactively contaminated metallic wastes of iron-based metals such as stainless steel (SUS 304L) in a direct current graphite arc furnace. Most of the depleted uranium was easily moved into the slag from the radioactive metal waste. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was influenced by the amount of added slag former and the slag basicity. The composition of the slag former used to capture contaminants such as depleted uranium during the melt decontamination process generally consists of silica ($SiO_2$), calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide ($Al_2O_3$). Furthermore, calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$), magnesium oxide (MgO), and ferric oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) were added to increase the slag fluidity and oxidative potential. The partitioning ratio of the depleted uranium was increased as the amount of slag former was increased. Up to 97% of the depleted uranium was captured between the ingot phase and the slag phase. The partitioning ratio of the uranium was considerably dependent on the basicity and composition of the slag. The optimum condition for the removal of the depleted uranium was a basicity level of about 1.5. The partitioning ratio of uranium was high, exceeding $5.5{\times}10^3$. The slag formers containing calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$) and a high amount of silica proved to be more effective for a melt decontamination of stainless steel wastes contaminated with depleted uranium.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75-78
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• 2001

Authors evaluated the feasibility of a permeable reactive biobarrier (PRB) treated with biofilm formed by Beijerinckia indica (B.indica). This study focused on evaluating two potentials of B.indica for the requirements of PRB: reducing the hydraulic conductivity and degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The hydraulic conductivity was estimated by rigid wall column test and finally the values were converted to the values of intrinsic permeability. The nutrient solution was passed through the biobarrier column to activate the bacterium and then leachate was in turn carried into the column to evaluate the durability of the biobarrier. Phenanthrene was selected as a representative substance of PAHs. The ability of degrading phenanthrene by B.indica was evaluated by two-phase partitioning bioreactor after estimating the possibility with two pretests: observing the colony formation and the optical density on glucose-free medium containing phenanthrene. With the results, B.indica produced large amount of strongly adhesive exopolysaccharides (EPS) and reduced several orders of magnitude of the hydraulic conductivity after 2 weeks of cultivation. Furthermore, about 1000mg/1 of phenanthrene could be degraded by B.indica in the two-phase partitioning bioreactor. In conclusion, the application of the bacterium, B.indica, was found to have a potential role of a PRB to retain and remove contaminants in porous media.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2005

This study was aimed at estimation of gas-particle partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ambient air. The samples were collected at urban site in Japan from March 2002 to January 2003. The concentration of total PCBs (from 4 CB to 10 CB) and TEQ (Toxic equivalent) ranged from 62 to $247\;pg/m^3$ and from 2 to $14\;fgTEQ/m^3 $, respectively. The average contribution $(\%)$ of gas phase to total PCBs concentration was above $80\%$, which suggests that in the atmosphere PCBs predominantly existed in the gas phase. The weak correlations between total PCBs concentration and temperature was found. However this result was due to a typhoon during summer and raining during sampling period. The gas-particle partition coefficient (Kp) was obtained as a function of temperature. The partition ratio of gaseous and particulate phase PCBs can be estimated for an arbitrary temperature. The plot of gas/particle partition coefficient (log Kp) vs. sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure $(log\;P_L)$ had reasonable correlations for individual samples but the slope varied among the samples (coefficients of determination for log Kp versus log $P_L$ plot were> 0.76 $(p<0.0001)$, except for 3 samples). As a result, the variations in the slope among the sampling period may be due to change of temperature, raining during sampling period and wind in this study.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

The partitioning tracer method is to estimate the residual saturation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in soils by analyzing tracer's retardation induced by the reversible partitioning of tracer with NAPL. This study is to estimate the residual diesel saturation in soils using the partitioning tracer method. Two-dimensional soil box was used to represent the 2-dimensional flows of groundwater and tracer solution in the saturated aquifer, and the soil box was filled with soil and then saturated with water. The residual diesel saturation was induced in saturated soil, and the partitioning tracer method was applied. The results from batch-partitioning experiment indicated that the diesel-water partitioning was linear with respect to tracer's concentration, and the partition coefficient of tracer between diesel and water was measured by their linearities. The groundwater flow in the saturated aquifer was simulated in the 2-dimensional soil box, and the residual diesel contamination was visually identified. The results from the partitioning tracer method with or without diesel in soils confirmed that 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol and 1-hexanol, can be used as a detecting method for diesel contamination. By the accuracies of estimations for diesel contamination using the partitioning tracer method, 2-ethyl-1- butanol showed the highest accuracy with 83%.