• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

This study reviewed antioxidants and various enzymic physiological functions of Korean ash tree extractives that contains coumarine and ester component in order to examine the practical possibility of those materials as pharmaceutical and cosmetic additive applications. first, in the experiment of enzymic physiological activity, the electron donating ability showed 62.00% at 1ppm and over 90% at 10ppm or higher concentration, and the pseudo SOD ability showed 39% at the concentration of 2000ppm and 84.73% at the concentration of 5000ppm. Second, the inhibition activity of xanthine oxidase showed a relatively low inhibition effect of 45.57% at 200ppm, and the inhibition effect of tyrosinase showed 57.51% at 2000ppm. However, it showed a very low inhibition effect at the concentration of 500ppm or less. Third, the lipid oxidation, when Cu$\^$2＋/ion was used as an oxidation accelerator, showed the inhibition effect of 82% at the concentration of 10ppm, and when Fe$\^$2＋/ion was used also as the oxidation accelerator, it showed a very outstanding effect of 60% and more at 100ppm. Conclusively it is clear that the extracts of Korean ash tree bark can be used as cosmetic and pharmaceutical additive agents due to their excellent activities as antioxidant and enzymic physiological functions of it.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1197-1200
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• 2009

The whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibition, and cytotoxicity of neoagarotetraose were measured after its purification from hydrolyzed agar by gel filtration chromatography. In melanoma B16F10 cells, the melanin content of neoagarotetraose-treated cells was the same as that treated by kojic acid or arbutin. In addition, tyrosinase of melanoma cells was strongly inhibited by neoagarotetraose at a concentration of $1{\mu}g/ml$ and similarly inhibited at 10 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ compared with those by arbutin or kojic acid. The activity of mushroom tyrosinase showed a 38% inhibition by neoagarotetraose at $1{\mu}g/ml$, and this inhibitory effect was more efficient than that by kojic acid. Neoagarotetraose revealed a similar $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibition concentration) value for mushroom tyrosinase as that by kojic acid. These data suggest that the neoagarotetraose generated from agar by recombinant $\beta$-agarase might be a good candidate as a cosmetic additive for the whitening effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2019

Skin plays important roles in protecting the internal organs from the chemical-biological risk factors and ultraviolet light. Exposure to the chemical and biological stimuli has a detrimental effect on skin's structure and physiological regulation. Therefore, much attention has been paid to natural products that show biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-aging and anti-bacterial activities. In this study, we investigated the skin-related biological activities of Oenothera lamarckiana aerial part extract. The extract contained 229.35 mg TAE (tannic acid equivalents)/g total polyphenolic compounds and the extract showed relative high antioxidant activity ($SC_{50}$ value: $8.52{\mu}g/mL$). The $IC_{50}$ value against tyrosinase and elastase were 307.94 and $181.51{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. This suggested that O. lamarckiana can be applied to whiten skin and slow the aging of skin. O. lamarckiana extract showed a growth inhibitory effect on Staphylococcu epidermidis (minimum inhibitory concentration: $250{\mu}g/mL$). Interestingly, O. lamarckiana extract showed no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the paper disc assay. Yet the extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the broth dilution assay in a dose-dependent manners. Taken together, O. lamarckiana could have good potential for development as an additive in the cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2015

Oleanolic acid and its derivatives are pentacyclic triterpene acids, which are produced in many plants and herbs. These are considered safe and thus, oleanolic acid is now used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Oleanolic acid affects peptidoglycan in cell wall of bacteria. Hence, the antimicrobial activity of oleanolic acid is not very obvious to Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella sonnei because the peptidoglycan is covered with outer membrane. However, oleanolic acid derivatives showed improved antimicrobial activity to Gram-negative bacteria. For Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, oleanolic acid was very effective on reducing the cell counts of the pathogens. In addition, the cytotoxicity of oleanolic acid for human cell lines was minimal. Therefore, oleanolic acid should be considered as an antimicrobial food additive and a therapeutic agent to control foodborne pathogens.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.572-580
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• 2019

Recently, it has been reported that benzyl alcohol (BzOH) as an additive in cosmetics, food, and medicine lead to toxicity and allergy problem. Then, to circumvent this hurdle, we carried out the synthesis of benzyl alcohol galactoside (BzO-gal). Previously, it was confirmed that BzO-gal was synthesized by transgalactosylation reaction using Escherichia coli (E. coli) ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}-gal$). Meanwhile, in this study, two peaks of BzO-gal as sodium adduct ion (m/z=293.1004) and protonated ion (m/z=271.1180) were detected in the reaction mixture by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). In addition, the amount of ${\beta}-gal$ and BzOH concentration, temperature, pH, and lactose concentration, respectively, were optimized (${\beta}-gal$, 0.75 U/mL; BzOH, 185 mM; temperature, $40^{\circ}C$, pH, 7.5; lactose, 350 g/l). Under these optimal conditions, 185 mM BzOH was converted into about 131 mM BzO-gal, in which the conversion yield was about 72%. In the future, BzO-gal will be applicable as a substitute for BzOH as a less toxic preservative for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and we are planning to investigate the characteristics of BzO-gal as a preservative.